Breast Cancer

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Summary

Breast cancer affects one in eight women during their lives. No one knows why some women get breast cancer, but there are many risk factors. Risks that you cannot change include

Age - the risk rises as you get older
Genes - two genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, greatly increase the risk. Women who have family members with breast or ovarian cancer may wish to be tested for the genes.
Personal factors - beginning periods before age 12 or going through menopause after age 55

Other risks include obesity, using hormone replacement therapy (also called menopausal hormone therapy), taking birth control pills, drinking alcohol, not having children or having your first child after age 35, and having dense breasts.

Symptoms of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in size or shape of the breast, and discharge from a nipple. Breast self-exams and mammography can help find breast cancer early, when it is most treatable. One possible treatment is surgery. It could be a lumpectomy or a mastectomy. Other treatments include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy. Targeted therapy uses substances that attack cancer cells without harming normal cells.

Men can have breast cancer, too, but it is rare.

NIH: National Cancer Institute

Start Here

Breast Cancer (American Academy of Family Physicians) Also in Spanish
Breast Cancer (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
Breast Cancer Overview (American Society of Clinical Oncology)
General Information about Breast Cancer (National Cancer Institute)
What Is Breast Cancer? (American Cancer Society) Also in Spanish

Diagnosis and Tests

BRCA Test (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish
Breast Biopsy (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish
Breast Cancer Early Detection and Diagnosis (American Cancer Society)
Breast Exam (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
HER2 (Breast Cancer) Testing (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish
Lymphoscintigraphy (American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America) Also in Spanish
MRI of the Breast (American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America) Also in Spanish
Needle Biopsy (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish
Nipple Aspirate Test Is Not An Alternative To Mammography (Food and Drug Administration) Also in Spanish
PDL1 (Immunotherapy) Tests (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish
PTEN Genetic Test (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish
Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing for BRCA-Related Cancer in Women (U.S. Preventive Services Task Force) - PDF
Stages of Breast Cancer (National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
TP53 Genetic Test (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish
Tumor Marker Tests (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish
Ultrasound - Breast (American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America) Also in Spanish
Understanding Breast Changes: A Health Guide for Women (National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
Your Pathology Report (Living Beyond Breast Cancer)

Prevention and Risk Factors

Aromatase Inhibitors and Other Compounds for Lowering Breast Cancer Risk (American Cancer Society) Also in Spanish
Breast Cancer Prevention (National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
Get Moving to Help Reduce Your Risk of Breast Cancer (American Cancer Society)
Mammography: MedlinePlus Health Topic (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish
Medications for the Risk Reduction of Primary Breast Cancer in Women (U.S. Preventive Services Task Force) - PDF
Prophylactic Oophorectomy: Preventing Cancer by Surgically Removing Your Ovaries (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish
Surgery to Reduce the Risk of Breast Cancer (National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish

Treatments and Therapies

Breast Cancer Treatment (National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
Complementary and Integrative Therapies (Susan G. Komen for the Cure) - PDF
Drugs Approved for Breast Cancer (National Cancer Institute)
Hormone Therapy for Breast Cancer (National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
Mastectomy: MedlinePlus Health Topic (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish
Surgery Choices for Women with DCIS or Breast Cancer (National Cancer Institute) - PDF
Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer (Beyond the Basics) (UpToDate)
Treatment Option Overview (Breast Cancer) (National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
Treatment Options for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) (National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish

Living With

Coping with a Breast Cancer Diagnosis (Susan G. Komen for the Cure) - PDF
Eating Hints: Before, During, and After Cancer Treatment (National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
Follow up Care for Breast Cancer Treatment (American Cancer Society) Also in Spanish
Genetic Testing for Breast Cancer: Psychological and Social Impact (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish
Insomnia and Fatigue (Living Beyond Breast Cancer)
Life After Breast Cancer Treatment (Susan G. Komen for the Cure) - PDF

Related Issues

Abortion, Miscarriage, and Breast Cancer Risk (National Cancer Institute)
Antiperspirants/Deodorants and Breast Cancer (National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
Axillary Lymph Nodes and Breast Cancer (Susan G. Komen for the Cure) - PDF
Breast Cancer and Bone Loss (Hormone Health Network)
Breast Cancer and Women with Disabilities (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Breast Cancer in Young Women (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Cancer Treatment for Women: Possible Sexual Side Effects (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish
Dense Breasts: Answers to Commonly Asked Questions (National Cancer Institute)
Diethylstilbestrol (DES) and Cancer (National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
How Does Breast Cancer Start? (American Cancer Society)
How Will Cancer Affect My Sex Life? (American Cancer Society) Also in Spanish
Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Cancer (National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
Oral Contraceptives and Cancer Risk (National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
Questions to Ask Your Doctor (Metastatic Breast Cancer Network)
Reproductive History and Breast Cancer Risk (National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
Risks of Breast Cancer Screening (National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
What Breast Cancer Survivors Need to Know about Osteoporosis (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases)

Specifics

Breast Cancer Overview (American Society of Clinical Oncology)
Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
Guide to Understanding Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (Living Beyond Breast Cancer) - PDF
HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: What Is It? (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish
Inflammatory Breast Cancer (National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish
Paget Disease of the Breast (National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
Recurrent Breast Cancer (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish
Understanding a Breast Cancer Diagnosis (American Cancer Society)

Genetics

BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) - PDF
BRCA1 and BRCA2: Cancer Risk and Genetic Testing (National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
Breast and Ovarian Cancer and Family History Risk Categories (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Does Breast or Ovarian Cancer Run in Your Family? (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish
Genetic Counseling and Evaluation for BRCA1/2 Testing (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Genetics Home Reference: breast cancer (National Library of Medicine)
Genetics Home Reference: Li-Fraumeni syndrome (National Library of Medicine)
Learning about Breast Cancer (National Human Genome Research Institute)

Videos and Tutorials

Following a Tissue Sample (College of American Pathologists)
Lymphatics and the breast (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish

Statistics and Research

Cancer Statistics: Cancer of the Breast (Female) (National Cancer Institute)
CDC Vital Signs: Breast Cancer (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Changes Over Time: Female Breast Cancer (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
New Cancer Rates by Sex, Race and Ethnicities: Female Breast (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish
Rate of New Cancers in the United States: Female Breast by State (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish
Sister Study: A Study of the Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors for Breast Cancer (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences)
Study: Newly Identified Genes Linked with Higher Risk for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (American Cancer Society)
What's New in Breast Cancer Research and Treatment? (American Cancer Society) Also in Spanish

Clinical Trials

ClinicalTrials.gov: Breast Neoplasms (National Institutes of Health)
ClinicalTrials.gov: Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast (National Institutes of Health)
ClinicalTrials.gov: Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome (National Institutes of Health)
ClinicalTrials.gov: Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms (National Institutes of Health)

Journal Articles References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)

Reference Desk

Breast Cancer Types: What Your Type Means (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
Dictionary of Cancer Terms (National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish

Find an Expert

American Cancer Society
Find a Cancer Doctor (American Society of Clinical Oncology)
Find a Radiation Oncologist (American Society for Radiation Oncology)
National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP): Find a Screening Provider Near You (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
National Cancer Institute Also in Spanish
Organizations That Offer Support Services (National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish

Children

Breast Cancer (For Kids) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish

Teenagers

Should I Do a Breast Self-Exam? (For Teens) (Nemours Foundation)

Men

Male Breast Cancer: MedlinePlus Health Topic (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish

Seniors

After Some Breast Cancer Treatments, Risk for Other Health Conditions May Rise (Living Beyond Breast Cancer)

Patient Handouts

After chemotherapy - discharge (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene testing (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
Breast biopsy -- stereotactic (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
Breast biopsy -- ultrasound (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
Breast cancer (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
Breast cancer staging (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
Breast lump (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
Breast self exam (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
Hormone therapy for breast cancer (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
Understanding Chemotherapy (National Cancer Institute) - PDF Also in Spanish
What to Know about Brachytherapy (A Type of Internal Radiation Therapy) (National Cancer Institute) - PDF Also in Spanish
What to Know about External Beam Radiation Therapy (National Cancer Institute) - PDF Also in Spanish