Autoimmune Diseases

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Basics

• Summary
• Start Here
• Diagnosis and Tests
• Treatments and Therapies

Learn More

• Related Issues
• Specifics
• Genetics

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Research

• Statistics and Research
• Clinical Trials
• Journal Articles

Resources

• Reference Desk
• Find an Expert

For You

• Children
• Teenagers
• Women
• Patient Handouts

Summary

Your body's immune system protects you from disease and infection. But if you have an autoimmune disease, your immune system attacks healthy cells in your body by mistake. Autoimmune diseases can affect many parts of the body.

No one is sure what causes autoimmune diseases. They do tend to run in families. Women - particularly African-American, Hispanic-American, and Native-American women - have a higher risk for some autoimmune diseases.

There are more than 80 types of autoimmune diseases, and some have similar symptoms. This makes it hard for your health care provider to know if you really have one of these diseases, and if so, which one. Getting a diagnosis can be frustrating and stressful. Often, the first symptoms are fatigue, muscle aches and a low fever. The classic sign of an autoimmune disease is inflammation, which can cause redness, heat, pain and swelling.

The diseases may also have flare-ups, when they get worse, and remissions, when symptoms get better or disappear. Treatment depends on the disease, but in most cases one important goal is to reduce inflammation. Sometimes doctors prescribe corticosteroids or other drugs that reduce your immune response.

Start Here

• Autoimmune Diseases (Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health) Also in Spanish
• Understanding Autoimmune Diseases (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases)

Diagnosis and Tests

• ANA (Antinuclear Antibody Test) (American Association for Clinical Chemistry)
• Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) (American College of Rheumatology) Also in Spanish
• Autoantibodies (American Association for Clinical Chemistry)
• Blood Test: Immunoglobulin A (IgA) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish
• C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Test (American Association for Clinical Chemistry)
• Complement Test (American Association for Clinical Chemistry)
• ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) Test (American Association for Clinical Chemistry)
• Protein Electrophoresis/Immunofixation Electrophoresis (American Association for Clinical Chemistry)

Treatments and Therapies

• Facts About Plasmapheresis (Muscular Dystrophy Association) - PDF
• How Is Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome Treated? (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute)

Related Issues

• Associated Autoimmune Diseases (Gluten Intolerance Group) - PDF

Specifics

• Autoimmune Hepatitis (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases)
• Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease (American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery)
• Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome (ALPS) (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)
• Autoinflammatory Diseases (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases)
• Familial Mediterranean Fever (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
• Goodpasture Syndrome (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases)
• Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)
• Learning about Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) (National Human Genome Research Institute)
• Neuromyelitis Optica (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) Also in Spanish
• Paraneoplastic Syndromes (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)
• Primary Biliary Cholangitis (Primary Biliary Cirrhosis) (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases)
• Stiff-Person Syndrome (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)
• What Is Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome? (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute)

Genetics

• Genetics Home Reference: antiphospholipid syndrome (National Library of Medicine)
• Genetics Home Reference: autoimmune Addison disease (National Library of Medicine)
• Genetics Home Reference: autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (National Library of Medicine)
• Genetics Home Reference: autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (National Library of Medicine)
• Genetics Home Reference: common variable immune deficiency (National Library of Medicine)
• Genetics Home Reference: granulomatosis with polyangiitis (National Library of Medicine)
• Genetics Home Reference: Guillain-Barré syndrome (National Library of Medicine)
• Genetics Home Reference: Hashimoto thyroiditis (National Library of Medicine)
• Genetics Home Reference: immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome (National Library of Medicine)
• Genetics Home Reference: multiple sclerosis (National Library of Medicine)
• Genetics Home Reference: neuromyelitis optica (National Library of Medicine)
• Genetics Home Reference: otulipenia (National Library of Medicine)
• Genetics Home Reference: rheumatoid arthritis (National Library of Medicine)
• Genetics Home Reference: STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (National Library of Medicine)

Statistics and Research

• Shaking Out Clues to Autoimmune Disease (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases)
• Study Provides Insights into Diagnosis, Treatment of Rare Immune Disease: Autoimmmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome (ALPS) (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)

Clinical Trials

• ClinicalTrials.gov: Autoimmune Diseases (National Institutes of Health)
• ClinicalTrials.gov: Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases (National Institutes of Health)

Journal Articles References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)

• Article: Genome-wide Pleiotropy Between Parkinson Disease and Autoimmune Diseases.
• Article: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α: a promising therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases.
• Article: Immune and molecular correlates in melanoma treated with immune checkpoint...
• Autoimmune Diseases -- see more articles

Reference Desk

• Overview of the Immune System (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)

Find an Expert

• American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association
• American College of Rheumatology
• National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
• National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Also in Spanish

Children

• What Is a Pediatric Rheumatologist? (American Academy of Pediatrics) Also in Spanish

Teenagers

• Immune System (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish

Women

• Pregnancy and Rheumatic Disease (American College of Rheumatology) Also in Spanish

Patient Handouts

• Autoimmune disorders (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Complement (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish