Guillain-Barre Syndrome

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Basics

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• Diagnosis and Tests

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• Related Issues
• Specifics
• Genetics

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Summary

Guillain-Barre syndrome is a rare disorder that causes your immune system to attack your peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS nerves connect your brain and spinal cord with the rest of your body. Damage to these nerves makes it hard for them to transmit signals. As a result, your muscles have trouble responding to your brain. No one knows what causes the syndrome. Sometimes it is triggered by an infection, surgery, or a vaccination.

The first symptom is usually weakness or a tingling feeling in your legs. The feeling can spread to your upper body. In severe cases, you become almost paralyzed. This is life-threatening. You might need a respirator to breathe. Symptoms usually worsen over a period of weeks and then stabilize.

Guillain-Barre can be hard to diagnose. Possible tests include nerve tests and a spinal tap. Most people recover. Recovery can take a few weeks to a few years. Treatment can help symptoms, and may include medicines or a procedure called plasma exchange.

NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Start Here

• Guillain-Barre Syndrome (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish
• Guillain-Barré Syndrome (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - Short Summary
• Guillain-Barré Syndrome (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) Also in Spanish

Diagnosis and Tests

• Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish

Related Issues

• Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) and Flu Vaccine (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish
• Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Menactra Meningococcal Vaccine FAQs (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
• Zika and Guillain-Barré Syndrome (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish

Specifics

• Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) Also in Spanish
• Miller Fisher Syndrome (GBS/CIDP Foundation International) - PDF
• Miller Fisher Syndrome (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)

Genetics

• Guillain-Barré syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics (National Library of Medicine)

Clinical Trials

• ClinicalTrials.gov: Guillain-Barre Syndrome (National Institutes of Health)

Journal Articles References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)

• Article: Background incidence rates of adverse events of special interest related to...
• Article: Changes in ganglioside antibody positivity rates during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Article: Delayed Unilateral Facial Weakness in COVID-19-Associated Guillain-Barré Syndrome.
• Guillain-Barre Syndrome -- see more articles

Find an Expert

• Autoimmune Association
• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Also in Spanish

Children

• Caring for a Child with Guillain-Barré Syndrome or CIDP (GBS/CIDP Foundation International) - PDF

Patient Handouts

• Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collection (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Guillain-Barre syndrome (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish