Cholesterol - drug treatment

Hyperlipidemia - drug treatment; Hardening of the arteries - statin

Statins reduce your risk of heart disease, stroke, and other related problems. They do this by lowering your LDL (bad) cholesterol.

Most of the time you will need to take this medicine for the rest of your life. In some cases, changing your lifestyle and losing extra weight may allow you to stop taking this medicine.

Having low LDL and total cholesterol reduces your risk of heart disease. But not everyone needs to take statins to lower their cholesterol.

Your health care provider will recommend your treatment based on:

• Your total, HDL (good), and LDL (bad) cholesterol levels
• Your age
• Your history of diabetes, high blood pressure, or heart disease
• Other health problems that may be caused by high cholesterol
• Whether or not you smoke
• Your risk of heart disease
• Your ethnicity

You should take statins if you are 75 or younger, and you have a history of:

• Heart problems due to narrowed arteries in the heart
• Stroke or transient ischemic stroke (TIA or mini stroke)
• Aortic aneurysm (a bulge in the main artery in your body)
• Narrowing of the arteries to your legs

If you are older than 75, your provider may prescribe a lower dose of a statin. This may help lessen possible side effects.

You should take statins if your LDL cholesterol is 190 mg/dL (4.92 mmol/L) or higher. You should also take statins if your LDL cholesterol is 70 to 189 mg/dL (1.81 to 4.90 mmol/L) and:

• You have diabetes and are between ages 40 and 75
• You have diabetes and a high risk of heart disease
• You have a high risk of heart disease

You and your provider may want to consider statins if your LDL cholesterol is 70 to 189 mg/dL (1.81 to 4.90 mmol/L) and:

• You have diabetes and a medium risk for heart disease
• You have a medium risk for heart disease

If you have heart disease or diabetes or a high risk for these conditions and your LDL cholesterol remains high even with statin treatment, your provider may suggest you also take one of these medicines:

• Ezetimibe
• PCSK9 inhibitors, such as alirocumab and evolocumab

If you have heart disease or diabetes and are unable to reach LDL cholesterol treatment goals with maximum tolerated statin therapy, or are intolerant to statins, then you may be prescribed bempedoic acid.

Bempedoic acid belongs to the class of medicines adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase (ACLY) inhibitors and was approved in 2020 by the FDA.

Providers used to set a target level for your LDL cholesterol. But now the focus is reducing your risk for problems caused by narrowing of your arteries. Your provider may monitor your cholesterol levels. But frequent testing is rarely needed.

You and your provider will decide what dose of a statin you should take. If you have risk factors, you may need to take higher doses. or add other types of medicines. Factors that your provider will consider when choosing your treatment include:

• Your total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol levels before treatment
• Whether you have coronary artery disease (history of angina or heart attack), a history of stroke, or narrowed arteries in your legs
• Whether you have diabetes
• Whether you smoke or have high blood pressure

Higher doses may lead to side effects over time. So your provider will also consider your age and risk factors for side effects.

American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes. 10. Cardiovascular disease and risk management: standards of care in diabetes-2026. Diabetes Care. 2026;49(Supplement_1):S216-S245. PMID: 41358899 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41358899/.

American Heart Association website. Cholesterol medications. www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cholesterol/prevention-and-treatment-of-high-cholesterol-hyperlipidemia/cholesterol-medications. Updated February 20, 2024. Accessed March 14, 2026.

American Heart Association website. Top 10 things to know about the ACC/AHA cholesterol guideline. www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cholesterol/about-cholesterol/cholesterol-top-10. Updated March 13, 2026. Accessed March 14, 2026.

Nambi V, Ballantyne CM, Jones PH. Overview of general approach to management of dyslipidemias. In: Ballantyne CM, ed. Clinical Lipidology: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 11.

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Tokgozoglu L, Libby P. Lipoprotein disorders and cardiovascular disease. In: Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, et al, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2026:chap 25.

US Preventive Services Task Force; Mangione CM, Barry MJ, et al. Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2022;328(8):746-753. PMID: 35997723 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35997723/.

Updated by: Michael A. Chen, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.