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Summary
X-rays are a type of radiation called electromagnetic waves. X-ray imaging creates pictures of the inside of your body. The images show the parts of your body in different shades of black and white. This is because different tissues absorb different amounts of radiation. Calcium in bones absorbs x-rays the most, so bones look white. Fat and other soft tissues absorb less and look gray. Air absorbs the least, so lungs look black.
The most familiar use of x-rays is checking for fractures (broken bones), but x-rays are also used in other ways. For example, chest x-rays can spot pneumonia. Mammograms use x-rays to look for breast cancer.
When you have an x-ray, you may wear a lead apron to protect certain parts of your body. The amount of radiation you get from an x-ray is small. For example, a chest x-ray gives out a radiation dose similar to the amount of radiation you're naturally exposed to from the environment over 10 days.
Related Issues
- All About Your Radiology Report: What to Know (American College of Radiology; Radiological Society of North America)
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Do X-rays and Gamma Rays Cause Cancer?
(American Cancer Society)
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Electronic Medical Devices, X-Ray Imaging and Radiation Therapy: What to Know and How to Prevent Damage
(Food and Drug Administration)
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Patient Safety -- Contrast Material
(American College of Radiology; Radiological Society of North America)
Also in Spanish
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Radiation and Medical X-Rays
(Environmental Protection Agency)
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Radiation Dose from X-Ray and CT Exams
(American College of Radiology; Radiological Society of North America)
Also in Spanish
Specifics
- Abdominal X-Ray (American College of Radiology; Radiological Society of North America) Also in Spanish
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Are Dental X-Rays Safe?
(American Association of Orthodontists)
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Bone Density Scan
(National Library of Medicine)
Also in Spanish
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Bone X-Ray
(American College of Radiology; Radiological Society of North America)
Also in Spanish
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Catheter Angiography
(American College of Radiology; Radiological Society of North America)
Also in Spanish
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Chest X-Ray (Radiography)
(American College of Radiology; Radiological Society of North America)
Also in Spanish
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Direct Arthrography
(American College of Radiology; Radiological Society of North America)
Also in Spanish
- Discography (Discogram) (American College of Radiology; Radiological Society of North America) Also in Spanish
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Fluoroscopy
(National Library of Medicine)
Also in Spanish
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Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)
(National Library of Medicine)
Also in Spanish
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Lower GI Series (Barium Enema)
(National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases)
Also in Spanish
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Myelography
(National Library of Medicine)
Also in Spanish
- Panoramic Dental X-Ray (American College of Radiology; Radiological Society of North America) Also in Spanish
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Upper GI Series
(National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases)
Also in Spanish
- Venography -- Blood Flow Examination of Veins (American College of Radiology; Radiological Society of North America) Also in Spanish
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Virtual Colonoscopy
(National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases)
Also in Spanish
Videos and Tutorials
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Chest X-Ray
(American College of Radiology; Radiological Society of North America)
Clinical Trials
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ClinicalTrials.gov: X Rays
(National Institutes of Health)
Journal Articles References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)
Reference Desk
- RadiologyInfo: Glossary of Terms (American College of Radiology; Radiological Society of North America) Also in Spanish
Find an Expert
- Food and Drug Administration
- RadiologyInfo (American College of Radiology; Radiological Society of North America) Also in Spanish
Children
- Abdominal X-Ray Exam (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish
- Elbow X-Ray Exam (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation)
- Femur X-Ray Exam (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation)
- Forearm X-Ray Exam (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation)
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Getting an X-Ray (For Parents)
(Nemours Foundation)
- How Does a Leg Length X-Ray Work? (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish
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My Child's Medical Imaging Record
(Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging)
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Pediatric VCUG (Voiding Cystourethrogram)
(American College of Radiology; Radiological Society of North America)
Also in Spanish
- Pelvic X-Ray Exam (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation)
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Radiation Safety for Children
(American College of Radiology; Radiological Society of North America)
Also in Spanish
- X-Ray Exam: Ankle (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish
- X-Ray Exam: Bone Age Study (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish
- X-Ray Exam: Cervical Spine (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish
- X-Ray Exam: Chest (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish
- X-Ray Exam: Finger (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish
- X-Ray Exam: Foot (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation)
- X-Ray Exam: Hand (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation)
- X-Ray Exam: Hip (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish
- X-Ray Exam: Knee (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish
- X-Ray Exam: Lower Leg (Tibia and Fibula) (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish
- X-Ray Exam: Neck (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish
- X-Ray Exam: Scoliosis (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation)
- X-Ray Exam: Upper Arm (Humerus) (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation)
- X-Ray Exam: Upper Gastrointestinal Tract (Upper GI) (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation)
Women
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Galactography (Ductography)
(American College of Radiology; Radiological Society of North America)
Also in Spanish
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Hysterosalpingography (Uterosalpingography)
(American College of Radiology; Radiological Society of North America)
Also in Spanish
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Mammography: MedlinePlus Health Topic
(National Library of Medicine)
Also in Spanish
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X-Rays
(Organization of Teratology Information Specialists)
Patient Handouts
- Barium enema (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
- Bone x-ray (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
- Chest x-ray (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
- Enteroclysis (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
- Lumbosacral spine x-ray (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
- Pelvis x-ray (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
- Skull x-ray (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish