Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery

On this page

Basics

• Summary
• Start Here

Learn More

• Related Issues
• Specifics

See, Play and Learn

• Videos and Tutorials

Research

• Statistics and Research
• Clinical Trials
• Journal Articles

Resources

• Find an Expert

For You

• Teenagers
• Men
• Patient Handouts

Summary

Surgeons can reshape the appearance of body parts through cosmetic surgery. Some of the most common body parts people want to improve through surgery include:

• Breasts: Increase or reduce the size of breasts or reshape sagging breasts
• Ears: Reduce the size of large ears or set protruding ears back closer to the head
• Eyes: Correct drooping upper eyelids or remove puffy bags below the eyes
• Face: Remove facial wrinkles, creases or acne scars
• Hair: Fill in balding areas with one's own hair
• Nose: Change the shape of the nose
• Tummy: Flatten the abdomen

Start Here

• Cosmetic Surgery (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish

Related Issues

• Body Contouring After Major Weight Loss (American Society of Plastic Surgeons)
• Body Dysmorphic Disorder (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish
• Breast Implants (Food and Drug Administration)
• Dermatologic Surgery Information (American Society for Dermatologic Surgery)

Specifics

• Abdominoplasty - series (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Blepharoplasty (Eyelid Surgery) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
• Blepharoplasty - series (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Breast augmentation - series (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Breast lift (mastopexy) - series (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Breast reduction (mammoplasty) - series (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Buttock Lift (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish
• Chemical Peel (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish
• Chin augmentation - series (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Craniofacial reconstruction - series (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Facelift - series (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Forehead lift - series (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Hair Transplants (American Society for Dermatologic Surgery)
• Laser Hair Removal (VisualDX)
• Laser Resurfacing (American Society for Dermatologic Surgery)
• Liposuction (American Society for Dermatologic Surgery)
• Microneedling Devices: Getting to the Point on Benefits, Risks, and Safety (Food and Drug Administration) Also in Spanish
• Nose surgery - series (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Otoplasty (Cosmetic Ear Surgery) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
• Skin smoothing surgery - series (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Vascular Lesion Treatment, Laser (VisualDX)

Videos and Tutorials

• Breast lift (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Liposuction (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish

Statistics and Research

• Plastic Surgery Statistics (American Society of Plastic Surgeons)

Clinical Trials

• ClinicalTrials.gov: Breast Implants (National Institutes of Health)
• ClinicalTrials.gov: Surgery, Plastic (National Institutes of Health)

Journal Articles References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)

• Article: Posterior Graft Laryngotracheal Reconstruction for Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis in a...
• Article: Functional analysis and the importance of ligament reconstruction after soft tissue...
• Article: Evaluating Large Language Models for Preoperative Patient Education in Superior Capsular...
• Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery -- see more articles

Find an Expert

• American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• American Society for Dermatologic Surgery
• Find a Dermatologic Surgeon (American Society for Dermatologic Surgery)

Teenagers

• Breast Reduction Surgery (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish

Men

• Penis-Enlargement Products: Do They Work? (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish

Patient Handouts

• Abdominal wall surgery (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Breast augmentation surgery (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Breast lift (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Chin augmentation (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Eyelid lift (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Facelift (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Head and face reconstruction (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Liposuction (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Rhinoplasty (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish