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Summary
Infertility means not being able to become pregnant after a year of trying. If a woman can get pregnant but keeps having miscarriages or stillbirths, that's also called infertility.
Infertility is fairly common. After one year of having unprotected sex, about 15% of couples are unable to get pregnant. About a third of the time, infertility can be traced to the woman. In another third of cases, it is because of the man. The rest of the time, it is because of both partners or no cause can be found.
There are treatments that are specifically for men or for women. Some involve both partners. Drugs, assisted reproductive technology, and surgery are common treatments. Happily, many couples treated for infertility go on to have babies.
NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Diagnosis and Tests
- Evaluating Infertility (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists)
- How Is Infertility Diagnosed? (Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development) Also in Spanish
- Prerequisite Testing for Infertility Treatment (Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology)
Treatments and Therapies
- Assisted Reproductive Technology: MedlinePlus Health Topic (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish
- Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish
- Treating Infertility (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists)
- What Infertility Treatments Are Available? (Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development) Also in Spanish
Living With
- Foods that Can Affect Fertility (Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics)
- Infertility Counseling and Support: When and Where to Find It (American Society for Reproductive Medicine) - PDF
- Psychological Component of Infertility (American Society for Reproductive Medicine)
- Stress and Infertility (American Society for Reproductive Medicine) - PDF
Related Issues
- Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Exposure and Cancer (National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
- Fertility Drugs and the Risk of Multiple Births (American Society for Reproductive Medicine)
- Having Kids Later in Life: Healthy Pregnancies as You Age (National Institutes of Health) Also in Spanish
- Reproductive Aging in Women (American Society for Reproductive Medicine) - PDF
- Sexual Dysfunction and Infertility (American Society for Reproductive Medicine)
- Weight and Fertility (American Society for Reproductive Medicine)
- What Is Fertility Preservation? (Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development) Also in Spanish
Genetics
- Androgen insensitivity syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics (National Library of Medicine)
Videos and Tutorials
- Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
- Understanding Infertility -- The Basics (American Society for Reproductive Medicine)
Statistics and Research
- High Plasticizer Levels In Males Linked to Delayed Pregnancy for Female Partners (Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development)
Clinical Trials
- ClinicalTrials.gov: Artificial Insemination (National Institutes of Health)
- ClinicalTrials.gov: Fertility (National Institutes of Health)
- ClinicalTrials.gov: Fertilization in Vitro (National Institutes of Health)
- ClinicalTrials.gov: Infertility (National Institutes of Health)
Journal Articles References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)
Find an Expert
- Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Also in Spanish
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Also in Spanish
- How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists)
Men
- Male Infertility: MedlinePlus Health Topic (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish
Women
- Female Infertility: MedlinePlus Health Topic (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish
Patient Handouts
- Androgen insensitivity syndrome (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
- Infertility (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish