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Increased thyroid function (hyperthyroidism; thyrotoxicosis)
Decreased thyroid function (hypothyroidism) with enlargement (hypertrophy) of the gland
Primary cancer of the thyroid
Enlargement of the thyroid (nontoxic goiter)
Review Date 3/31/2024
Updated by: Debra G. Wechter, MD, FACS, General Surgery Practice Specializing in Breast Cancer, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.