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Uva

¿Qué es?

Las uvas son el fruto de la vid. Vitis vinifera y Vitis labrusca son dos especies de vid comunes. Vitis labrusca se conoce comúnmente como uva Concord.

La fruta entera, la piel, las hojas y la semilla de la uva se utilizan como medicina. La uva contiene flavonoides, que pueden tener efectos antioxidantes. Pueden ayudar a prevenir enfermedades cardíacas y tener otros efectos beneficiosos. Las variedades de uva tinta proporcionan más antioxidantes que las variedades de uva blanca o ruborizada.

La gente usa la uva para la mala circulación que puede hacer que las piernas se hinchen. También se usa para el estrés ocular, enfermedades cardíacas, colesterol alto, presión arterial alta, obesidad y muchas otras condiciones. Pero no existe una buena evidencia científica que respalde la mayoría de estos usos.

¿Qué tan efectivo es?

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database (La Base Exhaustiva de Datos de Medicamentos Naturales) clasifica la eficacia, basada en evidencia científica, de acuerdo a la siguiente escala: Eficaz, Probablemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Ineficaz, Probablemente Ineficaz, Ineficaz, e Insuficiente Evidencia para Hacer una Determinación.

La clasificación de la eficacia para este producto es la siguiente:

Posiblemente eficaz para...

  • Mala circulación que puede hacer que las piernas se hinchen (insuficiencia venosa crónica o IVC). La ingesta de extracto de semilla de uva o proantocianidina, una sustancia química presente en las semillas de uva, parece reducir los síntomas de IVC, como piernas cansadas o pesadas y dolor.

Posiblemente ineficaz para...

  • Fiebre del heno. La ingesta de extracto de semilla de uva no parece disminuir los síntomas de alergia estacional ni la necesidad de usar medicamentos para la alergia.
  • Náuseas y vómitos causados por el tratamiento con medicamentos contra el cáncer. Beber jugo de uva 30 minutos antes de las comidas durante una semana después de cada ciclo de quimioterapia no parece reducir las náuseas o los vómitos causados por la quimioterapia.
  • Vejiga hiperactiva. Beber jugo de uva no parece mejorar la vejiga hiperactiva en los hombres mayores.
  • Dolor de seno (mastalgia). La ingesta de proantocianidina, una sustancia química que se encuentra en el extracto de semilla de uva, no reduce la dureza, el dolor ni la sensibilidad del tejido mamario en personas tratadas con radioterapia para el cáncer de seno.
  • Obesidad. Beber jugo de uva o tomar extracto de semilla de uva no parece reducir el peso en personas con sobrepeso. Pero podría ayudar a reducir el colesterol y controlar el azúcar en sangre.
Existe interés en usar la uva para otros propósitos, pero no hay suficiente información confiable para decir si podría ser útil.

¿Es seguro?

Cuando se toma por vía oral: Las uvas se consumen comúnmente en los alimentos. Es posible que sea seguro cuando la fruta entera o el extracto de la fruta, la hoja o la semilla se utilizan como medicina. Los extractos de semillas de uva y los extractos de frutas se han utilizado de forma segura hasta por 11 meses. Comer grandes cantidades de uvas puede provocar diarrea. Algunas personas tienen reacciones alérgicas a las uvas y los productos derivados de la uva. Algunos otros efectos secundarios pueden incluir tos, sequedad de boca y dolor de cabeza.

Cuando se aplica sobre la piel: El aceite de semilla de uva es posiblemente seguro cuando se usa hasta por 3 semanas. No hay suficiente información confiable para saber si otras partes de la uva son seguras de usar.

Advertencias y precauciones especiales:

Embarazo y lactancia: las uvas se consumen comúnmente en los alimentos. No hay suficiente información confiable para saber si la uva es segura para usar en cantidades medicinales durante el embarazo o la lactancia. Manténgase en el lado seguro y limítese a las cantidades de alimentos.

Niños: Las uvas se consumen comúnmente en los alimentos. Pero tenga en cuenta que las uvas enteras son un peligro potencial de asfixia para los niños de 5 años o menos. Las uvas enteras deben cortarse por la mitad o en cuartos antes de servirlas a los niños. No hay suficiente información confiable para saber si la uva es segura para usar en cantidades mayores que las que se encuentran en los alimentos.

Condiciones de sangrado: El extracto de uva puede retardar la coagulación de la sangre. La ingesta de extracto de uva puede aumentar las posibilidades de sufrir hematomas y sangrado en personas con enfermedades hemorrágicas. Pero no está claro si esto es una gran preocupación.

Cirugía: El extracto de uva podría retardar la coagulación sanguínea. Podría causar sangrado adicional durante y después de la cirugía. Deje de usar extracto de uva al menos 2 semanas antes de una cirugía programada.

¿Existen interacciones con medicamentos?

Moderadas
Tenga cuidado con esta combinación
Ciclosporina (Neoral, Sandimmune)
Beber jugo de uva morada junto con ciclosporina podría disminuir la cantidad de ciclosporina que absorbe el cuerpo. Esto podría disminuir los efectos de la ciclosporina. Separe las dosis de jugo de uva y ciclosporina por al menos 2 horas para evitar esta interacción.
Fenacetina
Beber jugo de uva podría aumentar la rapidez con que el cuerpo descompone la fenacetina. La ingesta de fenacetina junto con jugo de uva podría disminuir los efectos de la fenacetina.
Medicamentos modificados por el hígado (sustratos del citocromo P450 1A2 (CYP1A2))
Algunos medicamentos son modificados y degradados por el hígado. La uva podría cambiar la rapidez con que el hígado descompone estos medicamentos. Esto podría cambiar los efectos y los efectos secundarios de estos medicamentos.
Medicamentos modificados por el hígado (sustratos del citocromo P450 2D6 (CYP2D6))
Algunos medicamentos son modificados y degradados por el hígado. La uva podría cambiar la rapidez con que el hígado descompone estos medicamentos. Esto podría cambiar los efectos y los efectos secundarios de estos medicamentos.
Medicamentos modificados por el hígado (sustratos del citocromo P450 2E1 (CYP2E1))
Algunos medicamentos son modificados y degradados por el hígado. La uva podría cambiar la rapidez con que el hígado descompone estos medicamentos. Esto podría cambiar los efectos y los efectos secundarios de estos medicamentos.
Medicamentos modificados por el hígado (sustratos del citocromo P450 3A4 (CYP3A4))
Algunos medicamentos son modificados y degradados por el hígado. La uva podría cambiar la rapidez con que el hígado descompone estos medicamentos. Esto podría cambiar los efectos y los efectos secundarios de estos medicamentos.
Medicamentos que retardan la coagulación de la sangre (medicamentos anticoagulantes / antiplaquetarios)
El extracto de uva podría retardar la coagulación sanguínea. La ingesta de extracto de uva junto con medicamentos que también retardan la coagulación de la sangre podría aumentar el riesgo de hematomas y sangrado.
Midazolam (Versed)
La ingesta de extracto de semilla de uva durante al menos una semana podría aumentar la rapidez con la que el cuerpo elimina el midazolam. Esto podría disminuir los efectos del midazolam. Pero tomar solo una dosis única de extracto de semilla de uva no parece tener ningún efecto sobre el midazolam.
Menores
Preste atención a esta combinación
Medicamentos modificados por el hígado (sustratos del citocromo P450 2C9 (CYP2C9))
Algunos medicamentos son modificados y degradados por el hígado. La uva podría cambiar la rapidez con que el hígado descompone estos medicamentos. Esto podría cambiar los efectos y los efectos secundarios de estos medicamentos.

¿Existen interacciones con hierbas y suplementos?

Hierbas y suplementos que pueden retardar la coagulación sanguínea
El extracto de uva puede retardar la coagulación sanguínea y aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia. Tomarlo con otros suplementos con efectos similares podría aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia en algunas personas. Ejemplos de suplementos con este efecto incluyen ajo, jengibre, ginkgo, natokinasa y Panax ginseng.
Vitamina C
La ingesta diaria de vitamina C y polifenoles de semillas de uva podría aumentar la presión arterial en personas con presión arterial alta. Pero esto no parece suceder cuando la vitamina C o los polifenoles de semillas de uva se toman solos.

¿Existen interacciones con alimentos?

No se conoce ninguna interacción con alimentos.

¿Como se usa normalmente?

Las uvas se consumen comúnmente como fruta entera y en jugos, jaleas y otros productos.

Como medicina, se han utilizado extractos de uva entera, extractos de semilla de uva, extractos de hoja o de vid de uva, jugos de uva y orujos de uva. Los extractos de semillas de uva y de vid de uva también se utilizan en cremas, ungüentos y aerosoles. Hable con un proveedor de atención médica para averiguar qué tipo de producto y dosis podrían ser los mejores para una condición específica.

Otros nombres

Activin, Black Grape Raisins, Calzin, Draksha, Enocianina, European Wine Grape, Extrait de Feuille de Raisin, Extrait de Feuille de Vigne Rouge, Extrait de Peau de Raisin, Extrait de Pepins de Raisin, Feuille de Raisin, Feuille de Vigne Rouge, Feuille de Vigne Rouge AS 195, Flame Grape, Flame Raisins, Flame Seedless, Folia Vitis Viniferae, Fox Grape, Grape Fruit, Grape Fruit Skin, Grape Juice, Grape Leaf, Grape Leaf Extract, Grape Polyphenols, Grape Pomace, Grape Seed, Grape Seed Extract, Grape Seed Oil, Grape Skin, Grape Skin Extract, Grapes, Grapeseed, Huile de Pépins de Raisin, Kali Draksha, Leucoanthocyanin, Muscat, Muskat, Oligomères Procyanidoliques, Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins, Oligomeric Procyanidins, OPC, OPCs, PCO, PCOs, Peau de Raisin, Pépin de Raisin, Petite Sirah, Proanthocyanidines Oligomériques, Proanthodyn, Proanthodyne, Procyanidines Oligomériques, Procyanidolic Oligomers, Purple Grape, Raisin, Raisin Blanc, Raisin de Table, Raisin de Vigne, Raisins, Raisins Noirs, Red Globe, Red Grape, Red Malaga, Red Vine, Red Vine Leaf AS 195, Red Vine Leaf Extract, Skunk Grape, Sultanas, Table Grapes, Thompson Seedless, Uva, Vitis labrusca, Vitis vinifera, White Grape, Wine Grape, Wine Grapes.

Metodología

Para saber más sobre cómo este artículo fue escrito, refiérase a la metodología de la Base exhaustiva de datos de medicamentos naturales.

Referencias

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  114. Hsu, Y. L., Liang, H. L., Hung, C. H., and Kuo, P. L. Syringetin, a flavonoid derivative in grape and wine, induces human osteoblast differentiation through bone morphogenetic protein-2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway. Mol.Nutr.Food Res 2009;53:1452-1461. View abstract.
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