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Grape

What is it?

Grapes are the fruit of grapevines. Vitis vinifera and Vitis labrusca are two common grapevine species. Vitis labrusca is commonly known as Concord grape.

The whole fruit, skin, leaves, and seed of grape are used as medicine. Grape contains flavonoids, which can have antioxidant effects. They might help prevent heart disease and have other beneficial effects. Red grape varieties provide more antioxidants than white or blush grape varieties.

People use grape for poor circulation that can cause the legs to swell. It is also used for eye stress, heart disease, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, and many other conditions. But there is no good scientific evidence to support most of these uses.

Don't confuse grape with grapefruit. These are not the same.

How effective is it?

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate.

The effectiveness ratings for GRAPE are as follows:

Possibly effective for...

  • Poor circulation that can cause the legs to swell (chronic venous insufficiency or CVI). Taking grape seed extract or proanthocyanidin, a chemical in grape seeds, by mouth seems to reduce symptoms of CVI such as tired or heavy legs and pain.

Possibly ineffective for...

  • Hay fever. Taking grape seed extract by mouth doesn't seem to decrease seasonal allergy symptoms or the need to use allergy medications.
  • Nausea and vomiting caused by cancer drug treatment. Drinking grape juice 30 minutes before meals for a week following each cycle of chemotherapy doesn't seem to reduce nausea or vomiting caused by chemotherapy.
  • Overactive bladder. Drinking grape juice doesn't seem to improve overactive bladder in older males.
  • Breast pain (mastalgia). Taking proanthocyanidin, a chemical found in grape seed extract, does not reduce breast tissue hardness, pain, or tenderness in people treated with radiation therapy for breast cancer.
  • Obesity. Drinking grape juice or taking grape seed extract doesn't seem to reduce weight in overweight people. But it might help lower cholesterol and control blood sugar.
There is interest in using grape for a number of other purposes, but there isn't enough reliable information to say whether it might be helpful.

Is it safe?

When taken by mouth: Grapes are commonly consumed in foods. It is possibly safe when the whole fruit or the extract of the fruit, leaf, or seed, are used as medicine. Grape seed extracts and fruit extracts have been used safely for up to 11 months. Eating large quantities of grapes might cause diarrhea. Some people have allergic reactions to grapes and grape products. Some other side effects might include cough, dry mouth, and headache.

When applied to the skin: Grape seed oil is possibly safe when used for up to 3 weeks. There isn't enough reliable information to know if other parts of grape are safe to use.

Special precautions & warnings:

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Grapes are commonly consumed in foods. There isn't enough reliable information to know if grape is safe to use in medicinal amounts when pregnant or breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and stick to food amounts.

Children: Grapes are commonly consumed in foods. But keep in mind that whole grapes are a potential choking hazard for children aged 5 years and younger. Whole grapes should be cut in half or quartered before being served to children. There isn't enough reliable information to know if grape is safe to use in amounts greater than those found in foods.

Bleeding conditions: Grape extract might slow blood clotting. Taking grape extract might increase the chances of bruising and bleeding in people with bleeding conditions. But it's not clear if this is a big concern.

Surgery: Grape extract might slow blood clotting. It might cause extra bleeding during and after surgery. Stop using grape extract at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery.

Are there interactions with medications?

Moderate
Be cautious with this combination.
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
Drinking purple grape juice along with cyclosporine might decrease how much cyclosporine the body absorbs. This could decrease the effects of cyclosporine. Separate doses of grape juice and cyclosporine by at least 2 hours to avoid this interaction.
Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) substrates)
Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Grape might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.
Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) substrates)
Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Grape might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.
Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) substrates)
Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Grape might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.
Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrates)
Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Grape might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.
Medications that slow blood clotting (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drugs)
Grape extract might slow blood clotting. Taking grape extract along with medications that also slow blood clotting might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Midazolam (Versed)
Taking grape seed extract for at least one week might increase how quickly the body gets rid of midazolam. This might decrease the effects of midazolam. But taking only a single dose of grape seed extract doesn't seem to have an effect on midazolam.
Phenacetin
Drinking grape juice might increase how quickly the body breaks down phenacetin. Taking phenacetin along with grape juice might decrease the effects of phenacetin.
Minor
Be watchful with this combination.
Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) substrates)
Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Grape might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.

Are there interactions with herbs and supplements?

Herbs and supplements that might slow blood clotting
Grape extract might slow blood clotting and increase the risk of bleeding. Taking it with other supplements with similar effects might increase the risk of bleeding in some people. Examples of supplements with this effect include garlic, ginger, ginkgo, nattokinase, and Panax ginseng.
Vitamin C
Taking vitamin C and grape seed polyphenols daily might increase blood pressure in people with high blood pressure. But this doesn't seem to happen when either vitamin C or grape seed polyphenols are taken alone.

Are there interactions with foods?

There are no known interactions with foods.

How is it typically used?

Grapes are commonly eaten as the whole fruit, and in juices, jellies, and other products.

As medicine, whole grape extracts, grape seed extracts, grape leaf or vine extracts, grape juices, and grape pomaces have been used. Grape seed and grape vine extracts are also used in creams, ointments, and sprays. Speak with a healthcare provider to find out what type of product and dose might be best for a specific condition.

Other names

Activin, Black Grape Raisins, Calzin, Draksha, Enocianina, European Wine Grape, Extrait de Feuille de Raisin, Extrait de Feuille de Vigne Rouge, Extrait de Peau de Raisin, Extrait de Pepins de Raisin, Feuille de Raisin, Feuille de Vigne Rouge, Feuille de Vigne Rouge AS 195, Flame Grape, Flame Raisins, Flame Seedless, Folia Vitis Viniferae, Fox Grape, Grape Fruit, Grape Fruit Skin, Grape Juice, Grape Leaf, Grape Leaf Extract, Grape Polyphenols, Grape Pomace, Grape Seed, Grape Seed Extract, Grape Seed Oil, Grape Skin, Grape Skin Extract, Grapes, Grapeseed, Huile de Pépins de Raisin, Kali Draksha, Leucoanthocyanin, Muscat, Muskat, Oligomères Procyanidoliques, Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins, Oligomeric Procyanidins, OPC, OPCs, PCO, PCOs, Peau de Raisin, Pépin de Raisin, Petite Sirah, Proanthocyanidines Oligomériques, Proanthodyn, Proanthodyne, Procyanidines Oligomériques, Procyanidolic Oligomers, Purple Grape, Raisin, Raisin Blanc, Raisin de Table, Raisin de Vigne, Raisins, Raisins Noirs, Red Globe, Red Grape, Red Malaga, Red Vine, Red Vine Leaf AS 195, Red Vine Leaf Extract, Skunk Grape, Sultanas, Table Grapes, Thompson Seedless, Uva, Vitis labrusca, Vitis vinifera, White Grape, Wine Grape, Wine Grapes.

Methodology

To learn more about how this article was written, please see the Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database methodology.

References

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  89. Pan, X., Dai, Y., Li, X., Niu, N., Li, W., Liu, F., Zhao, Y., and Yu, Z. Inhibition of arsenic-induced rat liver injury by grape seed exact through suppression of NADPH oxidase and TGF-beta/Smad activation. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 8-1-2011;254:323-331. View abstract.
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  95. Park, M. K., Park, J. S., Cho, M. L., Oh, H. J., Heo, Y. J., Woo, Y. J., Heo, Y. M., Park, M. J., Park, H. S., Park, S. H., Kim, H. Y., and Min, J. K. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) differentially regulates Foxp3(+) regulatory and IL-17(+) pathogenic T cell in autoimmune arthritis. Immunol.Lett. 3-30-2011;135(1-2):50-58. View abstract.
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  98. Green, B., Yao, X., Ganguly, A., Xu, C., Dusevich, V., Walker, M. P., and Wang, Y. Grape seed proanthocyanidins increase collagen biodegradation resistance in the dentin/adhesive interface when included in an adhesive. J Dent. 2010;38:908-915. View abstract.
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  101. Khoshbaten, M., Aliasgarzadeh, A., Masnadi, K., Farhang, S., Tarzamani, M. K., Babaei, H., Kiani, J., Zaare, M., and Najafipoor, F. Grape seed extract to improve liver function in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver change. Saudi.J Gastroenterol. 2010;16:194-197. View abstract.
  102. Uchino, R., Madhyastha, R., Madhyastha, H., Dhungana, S., Nakajima, Y., Omura, S., and Maruyama, M. NFkappaB-dependent regulation of urokinase plasminogen activator by proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract: effect on invasion by prostate cancer cells. Blood Coagul.Fibrinolysis 2010;21:528-533. View abstract.
  103. Hollis, J. H., Houchins, J. A., Blumberg, J. B., and Mattes, R. D. Effects of concord grape juice on appetite, diet, body weight, lipid profile, and antioxidant status of adults. J Am Coll.Nutr. 2009;28:574-582. View abstract.
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  105. Ingersoll, G. L., Wasilewski, A., Haller, M., Pandya, K., Bennett, J., He, H., Hoffmire, C., and Berry, C. Effect of concord grape juice on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: results of a pilot study. Oncol.Nurs.Forum 2010;37:213-221. View abstract.
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  107. Matias, A. A., Serra, A. T., Silva, A. C., Perdigao, R., Ferreira, T. B., Marcelino, I., Silva, S., Coelho, A. V., Alves, P. M., and Duarte, C. M. Portuguese winemaking residues as a potential source of natural anti-adenoviral agents. Int.J Food Sci.Nutr. 2010;61:357-368. View abstract.
  108. Overman, A., Bumrungpert, A., Kennedy, A., Martinez, K., Chuang, C. C., West, T., Dawson, B., Jia, W., and McIntosh, M. Polyphenol-rich grape powder extract (GPE) attenuates inflammation in human macrophages and in human adipocytes exposed to macrophage-conditioned media. Int.J Obes.(Lond) 2010;34:800-808. View abstract.
  109. Kamiyama, M., Kishimoto, Y., Tani, M., Andoh, K., Utsunomiya, K., and Kondo, K. Inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation by Nagano purple grape (Vitis viniferaxVitis labrusca). J Nutr.Sci.Vitaminol.(Tokyo) 2009;55:471-478. View abstract.
  110. Krikorian, R., Nash, T. A., Shidler, M. D., Shukitt-Hale, B., and Joseph, J. A. Concord grape juice supplementation improves memory function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Br J Nutr. 2010;103:730-734. View abstract.
  111. van Dorsten, F. A., Grun, C. H., van Velzen, E. J., Jacobs, D. M., Draijer, R., and van Duynhoven, J. P. The metabolic fate of red wine and grape juice polyphenols in humans assessed by metabolomics. Mol.Nutr.Food Res 2010;54:897-908. View abstract.
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  113. Kim, E. J., Park, H., Park, S. Y., Jun, J. G., and Park, J. H. The grape component piceatannol induces apoptosis in DU145 human prostate cancer cells via the activation of extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. J Med Food 2009;12:943-951. View abstract.
  114. Hsu, Y. L., Liang, H. L., Hung, C. H., and Kuo, P. L. Syringetin, a flavonoid derivative in grape and wine, induces human osteoblast differentiation through bone morphogenetic protein-2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway. Mol.Nutr.Food Res 2009;53:1452-1461. View abstract.
  115. Park, Y. K., Lee, S. H., Park, E., Kim, J. S., and Kang, M. H. Changes in antioxidant status, blood pressure, and lymphocyte DNA damage from grape juice supplementation. Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci. 2009;1171:385-390. View abstract.
  116. Kar, P., Laight, D., Rooprai, H. K., Shaw, K. M., and Cummings, M. Effects of grape seed extract in Type 2 diabetic subjects at high cardiovascular risk: a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial examining metabolic markers, vascular tone, inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin sensitivity. Diabet.Med 2009;26:526-531. View abstract.
  117. Sandra, D., Radha, M., Harishkumar, M., Yuichi, N., Sayuri, O., and Masugi, M. Downregulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. Phytomedicine. 2010;17:42-46. View abstract.
  118. Sivaprakasapillai, B., Edirisinghe, I., Randolph, J., Steinberg, F., and Kappagoda, T. Effect of grape seed extract on blood pressure in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Metabolism 2009;58:1743-1746. View abstract.
  119. Wang, Y. J., Thomas, P., Zhong, J. H., Bi, F. F., Kosaraju, S., Pollard, A., Fenech, M., and Zhou, X. F. Consumption of grape seed extract prevents amyloid-beta deposition and attenuates inflammation in brain of an Alzheimer's disease mouse. Neurotox.Res 2009;15:3-14. View abstract.
  120. Hsu, C. P., Lin, Y. H., Chou, C. C., Zhou, S. P., Hsu, Y. C., Liu, C. L., Ku, F. M., and Chung, Y. C. Mechanisms of grape seed procyanidin-induced apoptosis in colorectal carcinoma cells. Anticancer Res 2009;29:283-289. View abstract.
  121. Cheah, K. Y., Howarth, G. S., Yazbeck, R., Wright, T. H., Whitford, E. J., Payne, C., Butler, R. N., and Bastian, S. E. Grape seed extract protects IEC-6 cells from chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity and improves parameters of small intestinal mucositis in rats with experimentally-induced mucositis. Cancer Biol.Ther 2009;8:382-390. View abstract.
  122. Castillo-Pichardo, L., Martinez-Montemayor, M. M., Martinez, J. E., Wall, K. M., Cubano, L. A., and Dharmawardhane, S. Inhibition of mammary tumor growth and metastases to bone and liver by dietary grape polyphenols. Clin.Exp.Metastasis 2009;26:505-516. View abstract.
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  124. Zhang, F. J., Yang, J. Y., Mou, Y. H., Sun, B. S., Ping, Y. F., Wang, J. M., Bian, X. W., and Wu, C. F. Inhibition of U-87 human glioblastoma cell proliferation and formyl peptide receptor function by oligomer procyanidins (F2) isolated from grape seeds. Chem Biol.Interact. 5-15-2009;179(2-3):419-429. View abstract.
  125. Zi, S. X., Ma, H. J., Li, Y., Liu, W., Yang, Q. Q., Zhao, G., and Lian, S. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins from grape seeds effectively inhibit ultraviolet-induced melanogenesis of human melanocytes in vitro. Int.J Mol.Med 2009;23:197-204. View abstract.
  126. Wen, W., Lu, J., Zhang, K., and Chen, S. Grape seed extract inhibits angiogenesis via suppression of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway. Cancer Prev.Res (Phila) 2008;1:554-561. View abstract.
  127. Leifert, W. R. and Abeywardena, M. Y. Grape seed and red wine polyphenol extracts inhibit cellular cholesterol uptake, cell proliferation, and 5-lipoxygenase activity. Nutr.Res 2008;28:842-850. View abstract.
  128. Xie, Q., Bedran-Russo, A. K., and Wu, C. D. In vitro remineralization effects of grape seed extract on artificial root caries. J Dent. 2008;36:900-906. View abstract.
  129. Chaves, A. A., Joshi, M. S., Coyle, C. M., Brady, J. E., Dech, S. J., Schanbacher, B. L., Baliga, R., Basuray, A., and Bauer, J. A. Vasoprotective endothelial effects of a standardized grape product in humans. Vascul.Pharmacol. 2009;50(1-2):20-26. View abstract.
  130. Liu, J. Y. and Zhong, J. Y. [Study on protective effect of grape procyanidins in radiation injury in radiation-contacted persons]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi.Xue.Za Zhi. 2008;42:264-267. View abstract.
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  132. Mahadeswaraswamy, Y. H., Nagaraju, S., Girish, K. S., and Kemparaju, K. Local tissue destruction and procoagulation properties of Echis carinatus venom: inhibition by Vitis vinifera seed methanol extract. Phytother.Res 2008;22:963-969. View abstract.
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  134. Castilla, P., Davalos, A., Teruel, J. L., Cerrato, F., Fernandez-Lucas, M., Merino, J. L., Sanchez-Martin, C. C., Ortuno, J., and Lasuncion, M. A. Comparative effects of dietary supplementation with red grape juice and vitamin E on production of superoxide by circulating neutrophil NADPH oxidase in hemodialysis patients. Am J Clin.Nutr. 2008;87:1053-1061. View abstract.
  135. Katiyar, S. K. Grape seed proanthocyanidines and skin cancer prevention: inhibition of oxidative stress and protection of immune system. Mol.Nutr.Food Res 2008;52 Suppl 1:S71-S76. View abstract.
  136. Kuo, P. L. and Hsu, Y. L. The grape and wine constituent piceatannol inhibits proliferation of human bladder cancer cells via blocking cell cycle progression and inducing Fas/membrane bound Fas ligand-mediated apoptotic pathway. Mol.Nutr.Food Res 2008;52:408-418. View abstract.
  137. Olas, B., Wachowicz, B., Tomczak, A., Erler, J., Stochmal, A., and Oleszek, W. Comparative anti-platelet and antioxidant properties of polyphenol-rich extracts from: berries of Aronia melanocarpa, seeds of grape and bark of Yucca schidigera in vitro. Platelets. 2008;19:70-77. View abstract.
  138. Koo, M., Kim, S. H., Lee, N., Yoo, M. Y., Ryu, S. Y., Kwon, D. Y., and Kim, Y. S. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitory effect of Vitis vinifera. Fitoterapia 2008;79:204-206. View abstract.
  139. Engelbrecht, A. M., Mattheyse, M., Ellis, B., Loos, B., Thomas, M., Smith, R., Peters, S., Smith, C., and Myburgh, K. Proanthocyanidin from grape seeds inactivates the PI3-kinase/PKB pathway and induces apoptosis in a colon cancer cell line. Cancer Lett. 12-8-2007;258:144-153. View abstract.
  140. Sano, A., Uchida, R., Saito, M., Shioya, N., Komori, Y., Tho, Y., and Hashizume, N. Beneficial effects of grape seed extract on malondialdehyde-modified LDL. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol.(Tokyo) 2007;53:174-182. View abstract.
  141. Etheridge, A. S., Black, S. R., Patel, P. R., So, J., and Mathews, J. M. An in vitro evaluation of cytochrome P450 inhibition and P-glycoprotein interaction with goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, grape seed, milk thistle, and ginseng extracts and their constituents. Planta Med 2007;73:731-741. View abstract.
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  143. Gamsky, T. E., McCurdy, S. A., Samuels, S. J., and Schenker, M. B. Reduced FVC among California grape workers. Am Rev.Respir.Dis 1992;145(2 Pt 1):257-262. View abstract.
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  148. Davalos, A., Castilla, P., Gomez-Cordoves, C., and Bartolome, B. Quercetin is bioavailable from a single ingestion of grape juice. Int.J Food Sci.Nutr. 2006;57(5-6):391-398. View abstract.
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  150. A review of evidence on red vine leaf extract in the prevention and management of venous disease. J Wound Care 2006;15:393-396. View abstract.
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  153. Davalos, A., Fernandez-Hernando, C., Cerrato, F., Martinez-Botas, J., Gomez-Coronado, D., Gomez-Cordoves, C., and Lasuncion, M. A. Red grape juice polyphenols alter cholesterol homeostasis and increase LDL-receptor activity in human cells in vitro. J Nutr. 2006;136:1766-1773. View abstract.
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  158. Brooker, S., Martin, S., Pearson, A., Bagchi, D., Earl, J., Gothard, L., Hall, E., Porter, L., and Yarnold, J. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised phase II trial of IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in patients with radiation-induced breast induration. Radiother.Oncol 2006;79:45-51. View abstract.
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  163. Lekakis, J., Rallidis, L. S., Andreadou, I., Vamvakou, G., Kazantzoglou, G., Magiatis, P., Skaltsounis, A. L., and Kremastinos, D. T. Polyphenolic compounds from red grapes acutely improve endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease. Eur.J Cardiovasc.Prev.Rehabil. 2005;12:596-600. View abstract.
  164. Tao, H. Y., Wu, C. F., Zhou, Y., Gong, W. H., Zhang, X., Iribarren, P., Zhao, Y. Q., Le, Y. Y., and Wang, J. M. The grape component resveratrol interferes with the function of chemoattractant receptors on phagocytic leukocytes. Cell Mol.Immunol. 2004;1:50-56. View abstract.
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  173. Yamakoshi, J., Sano, A., Tokutake, S., Saito, M., Kikuchi, M., Kubota, Y., Kawachi, Y., and Otsuka, F. Oral intake of proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds improves chloasma. Phytother Res 2004;18:895-899. View abstract.
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  176. Nishikawa, M., Ariyoshi, N., Kotani, A., Ishii, I., Nakamura, H., Nakasa, H., Ida, M., Nakamura, H., Kimura, N., Kimura, M., Hasegawa, A., Kusu, F., Ohmori, S., Nakazawa, K., and Kitada, M. Effects of continuous ingestion of green tea or grape seed extracts on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2004;19:280-289. View abstract.
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Last reviewed - 06/14/2023