Frequency
Isovaleric acidemia is estimated to affect at least 1 in 250,000 people in the United States.
Causes
Mutations in the IVD gene cause isovaleric acidemia. The IVD gene provides instructions for making an enzyme that plays an essential role in breaking down proteins from the diet. Specifically, this enzyme helps process the amino acid leucine, which is part of many proteins. If a mutation in the IVD gene reduces or eliminates the activity of this enzyme, the body is unable to break down leucine properly. As a result, an organic acid called isovaleric acid and related compounds build up to harmful levels in the body. This buildup damages the brain and nervous system, causing serious health problems.
Inheritance
This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition.
Other Names for This Condition
- Isovaleric acid-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
- Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
- IVA
- IVD deficiency
Additional Information & Resources
Genetic Testing Information
Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center
Patient Support and Advocacy Resources
Clinical Trials
Catalog of Genes and Diseases from OMIM
Scientific Articles on PubMed
References
- Ensenauer R, Fingerhut R, Maier EM, Polanetz R, Olgemoller B, Roschinger W, Muntau AC. Newborn screening for isovaleric acidemia using tandem mass spectrometry: data from 1.6 million newborns. Clin Chem. 2011 Apr;57(4):623-6. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2010.151134. Epub 2011 Feb 18. Citation on PubMed
- Feinstein JA, O'Brien K. Acute metabolic decompensation in an adult patient with isovaleric acidemia. South Med J. 2003 May;96(5):500-3. doi: 10.1097/01.SMJ.0000051141.03668.1D. Citation on PubMed
- Grunert SC, Wendel U, Lindner M, Leichsenring M, Schwab KO, Vockley J, Lehnert W, Ensenauer R. Clinical and neurocognitive outcome in symptomatic isovaleric acidemia. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2012 Jan 25;7:9. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-7-9. Citation on PubMed or Free article on PubMed Central
- Vockley J, Ensenauer R. Isovaleric acidemia: new aspects of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2006 May 15;142C(2):95-103. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30089. Citation on PubMed or Free article on PubMed Central
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