Anti-rust product poisoning

Anti-rust agents contain different poisonous substances, including:

• Chelating agents
• Hydrocarbons
• Hydrochloric acid
• Nitrites
• Oxalic acid
• Phosphoric acid

Various anti-rust products

Anti-rust product poisoning can cause symptoms in many parts of the body.

EYES, EARS, NOSE, AND THROAT

• Loss of vision
• Severe pain in the throat
• Severe pain or burning in the nose, eyes, ears, lips, or tongue

GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM

• Blood in the stool
• Burns of the throat (esophagus)
• Severe abdominal pain
• Vomiting
• Vomiting blood

HEART AND BLOOD

• Collapse
• Low blood pressure
• Methemoglobinemia (very dark blood from abnormal red blood cells)
• Too much or too little acid in the blood, which leads to damage in all of the body organs

KIDNEYS

• Kidney failure

Many of the most dangerous effects of poisoning from anti-rust products come from inhaling the substance.

LUNGS AND AIRWAYS

• Breathing difficulty
• Throat swelling (may also cause breathing difficulty)
• Insufficient oxygen in the blood (asphyxia)
• Inflammation of the lung (chemical pneumonitis)
• Secondary bacterial or viral infection
• Hemorrhagic pulmonary edema
• Respiratory distress or failure
• Pneumothorax
• Pleural effusion
• Empyema

NERVOUS SYSTEM

• Agitation
• Coma
• Confusion
• Dizziness
• Incoordination
• Somnolence
• Headache
• Blurred vision
• Weakness
• Brain damage from low oxygen level

SKIN

• Burns
• Irritation
• Holes (necrosis) in the skin or tissues underneath

Seek medical help right away. Do not make a person throw up unless told to do so by the poison control center or a health care provider.

If the chemical is on the skin or in the eyes, flush with lots of water for at least 15 minutes.

If the chemical was swallowed, immediately give the person water or milk, unless instructed otherwise by a provider. Do not give water or milk if the person is having symptoms (such as vomiting, convulsions, or a decreased level of alertness) that make it hard to swallow.

If the person breathed in the poison, immediately move them to fresh air.

Get the following information:

• Person's age, weight, and condition
• Name of the product (ingredients and strength, if known)
• Time it was swallowed
• Amount swallowed

The local poison control center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States. This national hotline will let you talk to experts in poisoning. They will give you further instructions.

This is a free and confidential service. All local poison control centers in the United States use this national number. You should call if you have any questions about poisoning or poison prevention. It does NOT need to be an emergency. You can call for any reason, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

You can also get online poison help now at Poisonhelp.org. Just enter the product, poison, or medicine to get expert help.

The provider will measure and monitor your vital signs, including temperature, pulse, breathing rate, and blood pressure. Symptoms will be treated as appropriate.

Tests that may be done include:

• Blood and urine tests
• Bronchoscopy: camera placed down the throat to see burns in the airways and lungs
• Chest x-ray
• Electrocardiogram (ECG).
• Endoscopy-- camera placed down the throat to check for burns in the esophagus and stomach

Treatment may include:

• Breathing support, including tube through the mouth into the lungs and connected to a breathing machine (ventilator)
• Fluids through a vein (by IV)
• Medicine to treat the effects of the poison and other symptoms
• Methylene blue -- a medicine to reverse the effect of the poison
• Surgery to remove burned skin (debridement)
• Tube through the mouth into the stomach to wash out the stomach (gastric lavage)
• Washing of the skin (irrigation), every few hours or for several days

How well a person does depends on the amount of poison swallowed and how quickly treatment is received. The faster the person gets medical help, the better the chance for recovery.

Swallowing such poisons can have severe effects on many parts of the body. Damage continues to occur to the kidneys, liver, esophagus, and stomach for several weeks after the substance was swallowed. The outcome depends on this damage.

Hoyte C. Caustics. In: Walls RM, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 143.

Kuschner WG, Blanc PD. Acute responses to toxic exposures. In: Broaddus VC, Ernst JD, King TE, et al, eds. Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 103.

Meehan TJ. Care of the poisoned patient. In: Walls RM, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 135.

Nelson LS, Calello DP. Acute poisoning. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 96.

Theobald JL, Corcoran JN. Poisoning. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, et al, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 22nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025:chap 94.

Updated by: Jesse Borke, MD, CPE, FAAEM, FACEP, Attending Physician at Kaiser Permanente, Orange County, CA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.