Skip navigation

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

URL of this page: https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/982.html

Zinc

What is it?

Zinc is an essential trace element commonly found in red meat, poultry, and fish. It is necessary in small amounts for human health, growth, and sense of taste.

Zinc is found throughout the body. The body doesn't store excess zinc, so it must be obtained from the diet. It's needed for immune function, wound healing, blood clotting, thyroid function, and much more. It also plays a key role in maintaining vision and might have effects against viruses.

People commonly use zinc for zinc deficiency, diarrhea, and Wilson disease. Zinc is also used for acne, diabetes, anorexia, burns, and many other purposes. There is some scientific evidence to support its use for some of these conditions. But for most, there is no good scientific evidence to support its use. There is also no good evidence to support using zinc for COVID-19.

How effective is it?

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate.

The effectiveness ratings for ZINC are as follows:

Effective for...

  • Zinc deficiency. Taking zinc by mouth or giving zinc by IV helps to restore zinc levels in people who are zinc deficient. But taking zinc supplements regularly isn't recommended. IV products can only be given by a healthcare provider.

Likely effective for...

  • Diarrhea. Taking zinc by mouth reduces the duration and severity of diarrhea in children who are undernourished. Zinc 20 mg daily is the most common dose used. But doses of 5-10 mg also seem to work and cause less vomiting.
  • An inherited disorder that causes copper to build up in many organs (Wilson disease). Taking zinc by mouth improves symptoms of this condition. Zinc blocks how much copper is absorbed and increases how much copper the body releases.

Possibly effective for...

  • Acne. Taking zinc by mouth seems to help treat acne. But it's unclear how zinc compares to acne medications such as tetracycline or minocycline. Applying zinc to the skin alone in an ointment doesn't seem to help.
  • A disorder of zinc deficiency (acrodermatitis enteropathica). Taking zinc by mouth seems to help improve symptoms of this condition.
  • An eye disease that leads to vision loss in older adults (age-related macular degeneration or AMD). Taking zinc by mouth, especially with antioxidant vitamins, might help slow vision loss and prevent age-related vision loss from becoming advanced in people at high risk.
  • Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In children, taking zinc by mouth along with medicine for ADHD might help reduce certain ADHD symptoms.
  • Child growth. Taking zinc by mouth during pregnancy seems to help improve the growth of the infant during the first year of life. In children, taking zinc by mouth might modestly improve growth.
  • Common cold. Sucking on lozenges containing zinc gluconate or zinc acetate helps shorten the length of a cold in adults. But it's not clear if zinc helps to prevent colds.
  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Taking zinc by mouth or giving zinc by IV might lower the chance of death in people admitted to the hospital for COVID-19. But taking zinc by mouth doesn't seem to speed up recovery from COVID-19 in people who haven't been admitted to the hospital.
  • Depression. Taking zinc by mouth along with antidepressants seems to improve depression. It might also help in people who don't respond to treatment with antidepressants alone.
  • Diabetes. Taking zinc by mouth might help to improve blood sugar control by a small amount in people with diabetes.
  • Diaper rash. Giving zinc gluconate by mouth to infants seems to help heal diaper rash. Applying zinc oxide paste also seems to help. But it doesn't seem to work as well as applying 2% eosin solution.
  • A mild form of gum disease (gingivitis). Using toothpastes containing zinc, with or without an antibacterial agent, seems to help prevent gingivitis.
  • Bad breath. Chewing gum, sucking on a candy, or using a mouth rinse containing zinc reduces bad breath.
  • Cold sores (herpes labialis). Applying zinc sulfate or zinc oxide to the skin, alone or with other ingredients, seems to reduce the duration and severity of cold sores.
  • Reduced ability to taste (hypogeusia). Taking zinc by mouth improves the ability to taste foods in most people who have this condition.
  • Skin infection caused by Leishmania parasites (Leishmania lesions). Taking zinc sulfate by mouth or injecting as a solution into lesions helps heal lesions in people with this condition. But it doesn't seem to work as well as conventional treatments. Injections should only be given by a healthcare provider.
  • Leprosy. Taking zinc by mouth in combination with anti-leprosy drugs seems to help treat leprosy.
  • Infants born weighing less than 2500 grams (5 pounds, 8 ounces). Giving oral zinc to these infants seems to help increase weight and height. But taking zinc while pregnant does not seem to help increase infant weight at birth.
  • Stomach ulcers. Taking zinc acexamate by mouth seems to help treat and prevent stomach ulcers.
  • Pneumonia. Taking zinc by mouth might help prevent pneumonia in some children. But it doesn't seem to help children who already have pneumonia.
  • Growth and development in premature infants. Giving oral zinc to these infants seems to help increase weight and height.
  • Bed sores (pressure ulcers). Applying zinc paste to the skin appears to help heal bed sores. Taking zinc by mouth along with vitamin C and arginine might also help.
  • Sickle cell disease. Taking zinc by mouth seems to help reduce symptoms of sickle cell disease in people with zinc deficiency.
  • Warts. Applying a zinc ointment appears to be as effective as conventional treatments for curing warts. Taking zinc sulfate by mouth also appears to help.

Possibly ineffective for...

  • Patchy hair loss (alopecia areata). Taking zinc by mouth doesn't seem to help with hair loss.
  • Cystic fibrosis. Taking zinc by mouth doesn't improve lung function in children or adolescents with cystic fibrosis.
  • HIV/AIDS. Taking zinc by mouth doesn't improve immune function or reduce the risk of death in people with HIV.
  • Pregnancy complications in people with HIV/AIDS. Taking zinc by mouth during pregnancy does not appear to reduce the risk of transmitting HIV to the infant or prevent other complications.
  • Involuntary weight loss in people with HIV/AIDS. Taking zinc by mouth does not appear to prevent diarrhea or death in people with this condition.
  • Infant development. Giving zinc by mouth to infants or children at risk for having low levels of zinc doesn't seem to improve development. But taking zinc by mouth during pregnancy might increase the growth of the child during the first year of life.
  • Long-term swelling (inflammation) in the digestive tract (inflammatory bowel disease or IBD). Taking zinc by mouth does not seem to help treat IBD.
  • Flu (influenza). Taking zinc by mouth doesn't seem to improve immune function against the flu.
  • Ear infection (otitis media). Taking zinc by mouth doesn't seem to prevent ear infections in children.
  • A pregnancy complication marked by high blood pressure and protein in the urine (pre-eclampsia). Taking zinc does not seem to reduce the risk of high blood pressure in pregnancy.
  • Prostate cancer. Taking zinc by mouth does not seem to reduce the risk of getting prostate cancer.
  • Scaly, itchy skin (psoriasis). Taking zinc by mouth does not seem to help treat psoriasis.
  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Taking zinc by mouth does not seem to help treat rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Sexual problems that prevent satisfaction during sexual activity. Taking zinc by mouth does not improve sexual function in males with sexual dysfunction related to kidney disease.
  • Ringing in the ears (tinnitus). Taking zinc by mouth does not seem to help treat ringing in the ears.

Likely ineffective for...

  • Malaria. Taking zinc by mouth does not help prevent or treat malaria in undernourished children in developing countries or pregnant adults.
There is interest in using zinc for a number of other purposes, but there isn't enough reliable information to say whether it might be helpful.

Is it safe?

When taken by mouth: Zinc is likely safe when used in amounts no greater than 40 mg daily. It is possibly safe when taken in larger doses, especially when used only for a short period of time. But taking doses higher than 40 mg daily might decrease how much copper the body absorbs. Taking very high doses of zinc is likely unsafe and might cause stomach pain, vomiting, and many other problems. Single doses of 10-30 grams of zinc can be fatal.

When applied to the skin: Zinc is likely safe. Using zinc on broken skin may cause burning, stinging, itching, and tingling.

When inhaled: Zinc is possibly unsafe when inhaled through the nose. It might cause permanent loss of smell. Avoid using nose sprays containing zinc.

Special precautions & warnings:

Pregnancy: Zinc is likely safe when used in the recommended amounts while pregnant. But it is likely unsafe when used in high doses. Those over 18 should not take more than 40 mg of zinc daily, and those 14-18 years old should not take more than 34 mg daily while pregnant.

Breast-feeding: Zinc is likely safe when used in the recommended amounts while breast-feeding. But zinc is possibly unsafe when used in high doses. Those over 18 years old should not take more than 40 mg of zinc daily, and those 14-18 years old should not take more than 34 mg daily while breast-feeding.

Children: Zinc is likely safe when taken by mouth appropriately in recommended amounts. Daily doses of zinc should not exceed 4 mg daily in infants 0-6 months old, 5 mg daily in infants 7-12 months old, 7 mg daily in children 1-3 years old, 12 mg daily in children 4-8 years old, 23 mg daily in children 9-13 years old, and 34 mg daily in those 14-18 years old. In infants, it is possibly unsafe to apply topical zinc to broken skin. The zinc can be absorbed through the breaks in the skin and cause serious adverse effects.

Alcohol use disorder: Long-term, excessive alcohol use may reduce the body's ability to absorb zinc.

Surgery for weight-loss (bariatric surgery): Bariatric surgery reduces the absorption of zinc and might increase the risk for zinc deficiency. Zinc levels may need to be monitored.

Copper deficiency: Taking excess zinc can lead to copper deficiency. People with pre-existing copper deficiency or risk factors for copper deficiency such as malnutrition or gastrointestinal surgery may be at higher risk.

Kidney disease: Low intake of zinc in the diet might increase the risk of getting kidney disease. Also, people with kidney disease who are on hemodialysis are at risk for zinc deficiency and might require zinc supplements.

Vegetarianism: Vegetarian diets are often linked with lower zinc absorption. But the body adapts over time. It becomes better at absorbing zinc and reducing zinc loss.

Are there interactions with medications?

Moderate
Be cautious with this combination.
Antibiotics (Quinolone antibiotics)
Zinc might decrease how much antibiotic the body absorbs from the gut. Taking zinc along with quinolone antibiotics might decrease the effects of these antibiotics. To avoid this interaction, take antibiotics at least 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after zinc supplements.
Antibiotics (Tetracycline antibiotics)
Zinc can decrease the amount of tetracyclines the body absorbs. Taking zinc with tetracyclines might decrease the effects of tetracyclines. To avoid this interaction, take tetracyclines 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after taking zinc supplements.
Cephalexin (Keflex)
Zinc can reduce how much cephalexin the body absorbs. This might decrease how well cephalexin works for treating infections. To avoid this interaction, take zinc 3 hours after taking cephalexin.
Cisplatin (Platinol-AQ)
Cisplatin is used to treat cancer. Taking zinc along with cisplatin might inactivate cisplatin therapy. But it's not clear if this is a big concern.
Medications for HIV/AIDS (Integrase inhibitors)
Taking zinc along with integrase inhibitors might decrease blood levels of integrase inhibitors. This might decrease the effects of these medications. Talk to your healthcare provider if you are using integrase inhibitors and want to start taking zinc.
Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)
Zinc might decrease how much penicillamine the body absorbs. Taking zinc with penicillamine might decrease the effects of penicillamine. Take zinc and penicillamine at least 2 hours apart.
Ritonavir (Norvir)
Ritonavir is a drug used for HIV infection. Zinc can reduce how much ritonavir the body absorbs. But it isn't clear if this is a big concern.
Minor
Be watchful with this combination.
Amiloride (Midamor)
Amiloride can increase the amount of zinc in the body. Taking zinc supplements with amiloride might increase zinc levels. But this isn't likely to be a big concern for most people.
Atazanavir (Reyataz)
Atazanavir is a drug used for HIV infection. Zinc decreases how much atazanavir the body absorbs. But the body still absorbs enough atazanavir for it to work for treating HIV. So this interaction is probably not a big concern.

Are there interactions with herbs and supplements?

Beta-carotene
High doses of zinc can lower beta-carotene blood levels.
Bromelain
Zinc might reduce the effects of bromelain. But this isn't likely to be a big concern.
Calcium
Calcium supplements might decrease how much zinc the body absorbs from food. This usually doesn't seem to be much of a problem. But this interaction can be avoided by taking calcium supplements at bedtime instead of with meals.
Chromium
Taking chromium and zinc together can reduce the absorption of both chromium and zinc. This is probably not a big concern with usual doses of zinc and chromium.
Coffee
Taking zinc with coffee can reduce how much zinc the body absorbs.
Copper
Large amounts of zinc can reduce copper absorption. Taking zinc in high doses can cause copper deficiency and anemia. Some signs of copper deficiency have also occurred in people taking zinc in doses of 150 mg daily or more for 2 years.
EDTA
EDTA is a chemical compound that is given to people to remove excess metals from the body, especially lead. Repeated high doses of EDTA, as used in chelation treatment, can reduce blood zinc levels by up to 40%. People receiving chelation therapy should be monitored for zinc deficiency.
Folic acid
Folic acid supplements can change the absorption of zinc from food. But normal supplemental doses of folic acid are not likely to affect zinc levels in people with adequate dietary zinc intake.
IP-6 (Phytic acid)
Phytic acid found naturally in foods can bind zinc and reduce how much is absorbed by the body. Avoid IP-6 supplements, which contain phytic acid, if you have other risk factors for zinc deficiency.
Iron
Iron and zinc can interfere with each other's absorption. To avoid this effect, take these supplements with food.
Magnesium
High doses of zinc supplements (142 mg/day), or high zinc intake from foods (53mg/day), seems to decrease magnesium levels. But it isn't clear if this is a big concern.
Manganese
Research suggests zinc supplements can increase the amount of manganese absorbed from supplements.
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
Research suggests riboflavin can improve zinc absorption. The importance of this isn't known.
Vitamin A
Zinc supplements can increase blood levels of vitamin A. Zinc might increase the effects and side effects of vitamin A.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is involved in zinc absorption, but it's not clear whether vitamin D improves zinc absorption.

Are there interactions with foods?

Taking zinc with coffee can reduce how much zinc the body absorbs.

Eating foods containing fiber and phytates, which are chemicals found in grains such as maize, corn, and sorghum, can also reduce how much zinc the body absorbs. But the body usually adapts over time. Eating animal protein can increase zinc absorption, while plant proteins such as soy might reduce absorption.

How is it typically used?

Zinc is an essential nutrient found in foods such as red meat, poultry, and fish. The amount that should be consumed on a daily basis is called the recommended dietary allowance (RDA). For females 18 years of age the RDA is 9 mg, and for females 19 years and older the RDA is 8 mg. For males 18 years and older the RDA is 11 mg. While pregnant, the RDA is 13 mg in those 18 years of age and 11 mg in those 19 years and older. While breast-feeding, the RDA is 17 mg in those 18 years of age and 12 mg in those 19 years and older. In children, the RDA depends on age.

Zinc is also available in supplements, lotions, gels, ointments, mouth rinses, and many other products. Speak with a healthcare provider to find out what type of product and dose might be best for a specific condition.

Other names

Acétate de Zinc, Acexamate de Zinc, Aspartate de Zinc, Atomic Number 30, Chelated Zinc, Chlorure de Zinc, Citrate de Zinc, Gluconate de Zinc, Méthionine de Zinc, Monométhionine de Zinc, Numéro Atomique 30, Orotate de Zinc, Oxyde de Zinc, Picolinate de Zinc, Pyrithione de Zinc, Sulfate de Zinc, Zinc Acetate, Zinc Acetate Hydrate, Zinc Acetylmethionate, Zinc Acexamate, Zinc Aspartate, Zinc carbobenzoxy-beta-alanyltaurinate , Zinc Chelate, Zinc Chloride, Zinc Citrate, Zinc Difumarate Hydrate, Zinc Gluconate, Zinc Glycinate, Zinc Methionine, Zinc Monomethionine, Zinc Murakab, Zinc Nicotinate, Zinc Orotate, Zinc Oxide, Zinc Picolinate, Zinc Pyrithione, Zinc Sulfate, Zinc Sulphate, Zincum Aceticum, Zincum Gluconicum, Zincum Metallicum, Zincum Valerianicum, Zn.

Methodology

To learn more about how this article was written, please see the Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database methodology.

References

  1. Sivakumar RR, Chinnaiah Govindareddy D, Sahoo J, Bobby Z, Chinnakali P. Effect of daily zinc supplementation for 12 weeks on serum thyroid auto-antibody levels in children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroiditis - a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024;37:137-143. View abstract.
  2. Monfared V, Salehian A, Nikniaz Z, Ebrahimpour-Koujan S, Faghfoori Z. The effect of zinc supplementation on anthropometric measurements in healthy children over two years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr 2023;23:414. View abstract.
  3. Magham K, Han J, Eilbert W, Bunney EB. Severe copper deficiency anemia caused by zinc supplement use. Am J Emerg Med 2023;72:222. View abstract.
  4. Huang WK, Hsu HC, Yang TS, et al. Zinc supplementation decreased incidence of grade =2 hand-foot skin reaction induced by regorafenib: A phase II randomized clinical trial. Eur J Cancer 2023;195:113286. View abstract.
  5. de Vargas LDS, Jantsch J, Fontoura JR, Dorneles GP, Peres A, Guedes RP. Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Inflammatory and Cognitive Parameters in Middle-Aged Women with Overweight or Obesity. Nutrients 2023;15:4396. View abstract.
  6. Yang J, Qian S, Na X, Zhao A. Association between Dietary and Supplemental Antioxidants Intake and Lung Cancer Risk: Evidence from a Cancer Screening Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023;12:338. View abstract.
  7. Laky B, Bruckmann C, Blumenschein J, Durstberger G, Haririan H. Effect of a multinutrient supplement as an adjunct to nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Periodontol 2023. View abstract.
  8. Zavros A, Andreou E, Aphamis G, et al. The Effects of Zinc and Selenium Co-Supplementation on Resting Metabolic Rate, Thyroid Function, Physical Fitness, and Functional Capacity in Overweight and Obese People under a Hypocaloric Diet: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023;15:3133. View abstract.
  9. Shah D, Gupta A, Meena JP, et al. Efficacy and safety of zinc in the prevention of oral mucositis in children with cancer receiving intensified chemotherapy: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023;70:e30309. View abstract.
  10. Obiagwu HI, Eleje GU, Obiechina NJA, et al. Efficacy of zinc supplementation for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea: a double-blind randomised controlled trial. J Int Med Res 2023;51:3000605231171489. View abstract.
  11. Ghahartars M, Sahaf A, Parvar SY, Ahramiyanpour N. The Efficacy of Cryotherapy and Zinc Gluconate in Management of Anogenital Warts: A Randomized Double-Blind, Split-Side, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Skinmed. 2023 Mar 29;21:21-26. View abstract.
  12. Kotepui M, Wilairatana P, Mala W, Kotepui KU, Masangkay FR, Wangdi K. Effects of Daily Zinc Alone or in Combination with Other Nutrient Supplements on the Risk of Malaria Parasitaemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2023;15:2855. View abstract.
  13. Szymanski M, Domaracki P, Szymanska A, et al. The Role and Place of Antioxidants in the Treatment of Male Infertility Caused by Varicocele. J Clin Med. 2022 Oct 28;11:6391. View abstract.
  14. Rossi GCM, Scudeller L, Bettio F, Milano G. A Pilot, Phase II, Observational, Case-Control, 1-Month Study on Asthenopia in Video Terminal Operators without Dry Eye: Contrast Sensitivity and Quality of Life before and after the Oral Consumption of a Fixed Combination of Zinc, L-Carnitine, Extract of Elderberry, Currant and Extract of Eleutherococcus. Nutrients. 2021 Dec 13;13:4449. View abstract.
  15. Libonati GA, Leone A, Martellucci S, et al. Prevention of Recurrent Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: The Role of Combined Supplementation with Vitamin D and Antioxidants. Audiol Res. 2022 Aug 22;12:445-456. View abstract.
  16. Amini Z, Heidari, Farsani E. Investigating the effect of zinc supplementation on probability of relapse and mental health in patients with opioid use disorder undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2023;18:1. View abstract.
  17. Sahebnasagh M, Aksi V, Eslami F, et al. Prevention of radiotherapy-related oral mucositis with zinc and polyherbal mouthwash: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Eur J Med Res 2023;28:109. View abstract.
  18. Vesterlund GK, Jensen TS, Ellekjaer KL, Møller MH, Thomsen T, Perner A. Effects of magnesium, phosphate, or zinc supplementation in intensive care unit patients-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2023;67:264-276. View abstract.
  19. Edebol Carlman HMT, Rode J, König J, et al. Probiotic mixture containing Lactobacillus helveticus, Bifidobacterium longum and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum affects brain responses to an arithmetic stress task in healthy subjects: A randomised clinical trial and proof-of-concept study. Nutrients 2022;14:1329. View abstract.
  20. Olczak-Pruc M, Szarpak L, Navolokina A, et al. The effect of zinc supplementation on the course of COVID-19 - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Agric Environ Med 2022;29:568-574. View abstract.
  21. Sarris J, Ravindran A, Yatham LN, et al. Clinician guidelines for the treatment of psychiatric disorders with nutraceuticals and phytoceuticals: The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Taskforce. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2022;23:424-455. View abstract.
  22. Sato E, Sato S, Degawa M, et al. Effects of zinc acetate hydrate supplementation on renal anemia with hypozincemia in hemodialysis patients. Toxins (Basel) 2022;14:746. View abstract.
  23. Kewcharoenwong C, Sein MM, Nithichanon A, et al. Daily preventive zinc supplementation increases the antibody response against pathogenic Escherichia coli in children with zinc insufficiency: a randomised controlled trial. Sci Rep 2022;12:16084. View abstract.
  24. Wagnew F, Alene KA, Eshetie S, Wingfield T, Kelly M, Gray D. Effects of zinc and vitamin A supplementation on prognostic markers and treatment outcomes of adults with pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health 2022;7:e008625. View abstract.
  25. Mohammadi F, Oshvandi K, Kamallan SR, et al. Effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate and zinc chloride mouthwashes in the treatment of oral mucositis and quality of life in patients with cancer under chemotherapy. Nurs Open 2022;9:1602-1611. View abstract.
  26. Yamazaki K, Kageyama H, Fujiyama T, Ito T, Urano S, Honda T. A case of systemic contact dermatitis due to zinc supplements. Int J Dermatol 2022. View abstract.
  27. Ayatollahi H, Rajabi E, Yekta Z, Jalali Z. Efficacy of oral zinc sulfate supplementation on clearance of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV); a randomized controlled clinical trial. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022;23:1285-90. View abstract.
  28. Sinha B, Dudeja N, Chowdhury R, et al. Enteral zinc supplementation in preterm or low birth weight infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2022;150(Suppl 1):e2022057092J. View abstract.
  29. Attia JR, Holliday E, Weaver N, et al. The effect of zinc supplementation on glucose homeostasis: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Acta Diabetol 2022;59:965-75. View abstract.
  30. Faghfouri AH, Khabbazi A, Baradaran B, et al. Immunomodulatory and clinical responses to zinc gluconate supplementation in patients with Behçet's disease: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr 2022;41:1083-92. View abstract.
  31. Aoki C, Imai K, Owaki T, et al. The possible effects of zinc supplementation on postpartum depression and anemia. Medicina (Kaunas) 2022;58:731. View abstract.
  32. Tabatabaeizadeh SA. Zinc supplementation and COVID-19 mortality: a meta-analysis. Eur J Med Res 2022;27:70. View abstract.
  33. Wang X, Wang H, Zhang F, Cui Y, Zhang D, Shen X. Threshold effects and interactive effects of total zinc and selenium intake on cognitive function in older adults. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022;47:383-390. View abstract.
  34. Yang J, Kang Y, Chang Q, et al. Maternal Zinc, Copper, and Selenium Intakes during Pregnancy and Congenital Heart Defects. Nutrients 2022;14:1055. View abstract.
  35. Irfan O, Black RE, Lassi ZS, Bhutta ZA. Zinc Supplementation and the Prevention and Treatment of Sepsis in Young Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neonatology 2022;119:164-175.
  36. Fujita T, Kondo M, Baba T, Ohishi A, Iijima S. Hyperzincemia due to topical zinc oxide in an infant with diaper dermatitis. Pediatr Int. 2021 Nov 8. doi: 10.1111/ped.14761. View abstract.
  37. Hosui A, Tanimoto T, Okahara T, et al. Oral zinc supplementation decreases the risk of HCC development in patients with HCV eradicated by DAA. Hepatol Commun. 2021;5:2001-8. View abstract.
  38. Al Sulaiman K, Aljuhani O, Al Shaya AI, et al. Evaluation of zinc sulfate as an adjunctive therapy in COVID-19 critically ill patients: a two-center propensity-score matched study. Crit Care. 2021;25:363. View abstract.
  39. Hunter J, Arentz S, Goldenberg J, et al. Zinc for the prevention or treatment of acute viral respiratory tract infections in adults: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open. 2021;11:e047474. View abstract.
  40. Elfarargy MS, Al-Ashmawy GM, Abu-Risha S. Zinc supplementation in preterm neonates with jaundice: is it beneficial? Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2020. View abstract.
  41. Castro-Marrero J, Zaragozá MC, López-Vílchez I, et al. Effect of melatonin plus zinc supplementation on fatigue perception in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021;10:1010. View abstract.
  42. Talebi S, Miraghajani M, Ghavami A, Mohammadi H. The effect of zinc supplementation in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021. View abstract.
  43. Rouhani P, Rezaei Kelishadi M, Saneei P. Effect of zinc supplementation on mortality in under 5-year children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Eur J Nutr 2021. View abstract.
  44. Zolfaghari B, Ghanbari M, Musavi H, et al. Investigation of zinc supplement impact on the serum biochemical parameters in pulmonary tuberculosis: A double blinded placebo control trial. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2021;10:173-182. View abstract.
  45. Kumar M, Swarnim S, Khanam S. Zinc Supplementation for prevention of febrile seizures recurrences in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian Pediatr 2021;58:857-860. View abstract.
  46. Verschelden G, Noeparast M, Noparast M, et al. Plasma zinc status and hyperinflammatory syndrome in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: An observational study. Int Immunopharmacol 2021;100:108163. View abstract.
  47. Charoenngam N, Ponvilawan B, Ungprasert P. Higher zinc intake is associated with decreased risk of lung cancer. J Evid Based Med 2021;14:185-187. View abstract.
  48. Vehapoglu A. Is molluscum contagiosum related to zinc deficiency in children? Effectiveness of oral zinc sulfate therapy in lesion regression. Nutrition 2021;91-92:111418. View abstract.
  49. Tolino E, Skroza N, Mambrin A, et al. An open-label study comparing oral zinc to lymecycline in the treatment of acne vulgaris. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2021;14:56-58. View abstract.
  50. Oshvandi K, Vafaei SY, Kamallan SR, Khazaei S, Ranjbar H, Mohammadi F. Effectiveness of zinc chloride mouthwashes on oral mucositis and weight of patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. BMC Oral Health 2021;21:364. View abstract.
  51. Iqbal S, Ali I. Effect of maternal zinc supplementation or zinc status on pregnancy complications and perinatal outcomes: An umbrella review of meta-analyses. Heliyon 2021;7:e07540. View abstract.
  52. Nakano M, Nakamura Y, Miyazaki A, Takahashi J. Zinc pharmacotherapy for elderly osteoporotic patients with zinc deficiency in a clinical setting. Nutrients 2021;13:1814. View abstract.
  53. Bengtsson Y, Sandsveden M, Borgquist S, Manjer J. Serum zinc and dietary intake of zinc in relation to risk of different breast cancer subgroups and serum levels as a marker of intake: a prospective nested case-control study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021;189:571-583. View abstract.
  54. Mazaheri Nia L, Iravani M, Abedi P, Cheraghian B. Effect of zinc on testosterone levels and sexual function of postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial. J Sex Marital Ther 2021. View abstract.
  55. Janyajirawong R, Vilaichone RK, Sethasine S. Efficacy of zinc supplement in minimal hepatic encephalopathy: A prospective, randomized controlled study (Zinc-MHE Trial). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021;22:2879-2887. View abstract.
  56. Staub E, Evers K, Askie LM. Enteral zinc supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;3:CD012797. View abstract.
  57. Silva M, Montes CG, Canals A, Mackenna MJ, Wolff M. Role and effects of zinc supplementation in HIV-infected patients with immunovirological discordance: A randomized, double blind, case control study. PLoS One. 2021;16:e0244823. View abstract.
  58. Ruz M, Carrasco F, Rojas P, et al. Zinc absorption and zinc status are reduced after either sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in premenopausal women with severe obesity studied prospectively over 24 postoperative months. Am J Clin Nutr. 2021;114:322-329. View abstract.
  59. Mazaheri M, Aghdam AM, Heidari M, Zarrin R. Assessing the Effect of Zinc Supplementation on the Frequency of Migraine Attack, Duration, Severity, Lipid Profile and hs-CRP in Adult Women. Clin Nutr Res. 2021;10:127-139. View abstract.
  60. Jayawardena R, Ranasinghe P, Kodithuwakku W, Dalpatadu C, Attia J. Zinc supplementation in pre-diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino). 2021. View abstract.
  61. Dubourg G, Lagier JC, Brouqui P, et al. Low blood zinc concentrations in patients with poor clinical outcome during SARS-CoV-2 infection: is there a need to supplement with zinc COVID-19 patients? J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2021:S1684-118200026-8. View abstract.
  62. Carducci B, Keats EC, Bhutta ZA. Zinc supplementation for improving pregnancy and infant outcome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;3:CD000230. View abstract.
  63. Boskabadi H, Maamouri G, Akhondian J, et al. Comparison of birth weights of neonates of mothers receiving vs. not receiving zinc supplement at pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21:187. View abstract.
  64. Anandhi P, Sharief RM, Rahila C. The Benefit of Zinc Sulfate in Oropharyngeal Mucositis during Hyperfractionated Accelerated Concomitant Boost Radiotherapy with Concurrent Cisplatin for Advanced-Stage Oropharyngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancers. Indian J Palliat Care. 2020;26:437-443. View abstract.
  65. Alshaikh B, Abo Zeed M, Yusuf K, Guin M, Fenton T. Effect of enteral zinc supplementation on growth and neurodevelopment of preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Perinatol. 2021. View abstract.
  66. Afzali A, Goli S, Moravveji A, Bagheri H, Mirhosseini S, Ebrahimi H. The effect of zinc supplementation on fatigue among elderly community dwellers: A parallel clinical trial. Health Sci Rep. 2021;4:e301. View abstract.
  67. Karandish M, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Mohammadi SM, Cheraghian B, Azhdari M. The effect of curcumin and zinc co-supplementation on glycemic parameters in overweight or obese prediabetic subjects: A phase 2 randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a multi-arm, parallel-group design. Phytother Res. 2021;35:4377-4387. View abstract.
  68. Jankovskis V, Selga G. Vitamin B and zinc supplements and capsaicin oral rinse treatment options for burning mouth syndrome. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021;57:391. View abstract.
  69. Hosseini R, Ferns GA, Sahebkar A, Mirshekar MA, Jalali M. Zinc supplementation is associated with a reduction in serum markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cytokine 2021 Feb;138:155396. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155396. View abstract.
  70. Jafari A, Noormohammadi Z, Askari M, Daneshzad E. Zinc supplementation and immune factors in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020 Dec 24:1-19. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1862048. View abstract.
  71. Elfarargy MS, Al-Ashmawy G, Abu-Risha S, Khattab H. Zinc supplementation in preterm neonates with late-onset sepsis: is it beneficial? Am J Perinatol 2020 Dec 7. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1721659. View abstract.
  72. Abd-Elsalam S, Soliman S, Esmail ES, et al. Do zinc supplements enhance the clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine? A randomized, multicenter trial. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020 Nov 27:1-5. doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02512-1. View abstract.
  73. Sajedi F, Shahshahani S, Ghiasvand H, Mosallanezhad Z, Fatollahierad S. Does zinc with and without iron co-supplementation have effect on motor and mental development of children? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr 2020;20:451. View abstract.
  74. Gutiérrez-Vargas R, Villasis-Keever MÁ, Portilla-Robertson J, et al. Effect of zinc on oropharyngeal mucositis in children with acute leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2020;25:e791-8. View abstract.
  75. Khera D, Singh S, Purohit P, Sharma P, Singh K. Prevalence of zinc deficiency and the effect of zinc supplementation on the prevention of acute respiratory infections. Turk Thorac J 2020;21:371-6. View abstract.
  76. Khoshnevisasl P, Sadeghzadeh M, Kamali K, Moeinian M. Effect of zinc on hyperbilirubinemia of newborns, a randomized double blinded clinical trial. Curr Health Sci J 2020;46:250-4. View abstract.
  77. Thomas S, Patel D, Bittel B, et al. Effect of High-Dose Zinc and Ascorbic Acid Supplementation vs Usual Care on Symptom Length and Reduction Among Ambulatory Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The COVID A to Z Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4:e210369. View abstract.
  78. Wang X, Wu W, Zheng W, et al. Zinc supplementation improves glycemic control for diabetes prevention and management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Jul 1;110:76-90. View abstract.
  79. Wilkinson EAJ. Oral zinc for arterial and venous leg ulcers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2014:CD001273. View abstract.
  80. Yosaee S, Clark CCT, Keshtkaran Z, Ashourpour M, Keshani P, Soltani S. Zinc in depression: From development to treatment: A comparative/ dose response meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2020:S0163-834330114-6. View abstract.
  81. Yee BE, Richards P, Sui JY, Marsch AF. Serum zinc levels and efficacy of zinc treatment in acne vulgaris: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dermatol Ther. 2020:e14252. View abstract.
  82. Nagraj SK, George RP, Shetty N, Levenson D, Ferraiolo DM, Shrestha A. Interventions for managing taste disturbances. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Dec 20;12:CD010470. View abstract.
  83. Tan HK, Streeter A, Cramp ME, Dhanda AD. Effect of zinc treatment on clinical outcomes in patients with liver cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Hepatol. 2020;12:389-398. View abstract.
  84. Mousavi SM, Mofrad MD, do Nascimento IJB, Milajerdi A, Mokhtari T, Esmaillzadeh A. The effect of zinc supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. Eur J Nutr. 2020;59:1815-1827. View abstract.
  85. Person OC, Puga ME, da Silva EM, Torloni MR. Zinc supplementation for tinnitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;11:CD009832. View abstract.
  86. Joo YS, Kim HW, Lee S, et al. Dietary zinc intake and incident chronic kidney disease. Clin Nutr. 2020;S0261-561430352-6. View abstract.
  87. Jafari F, Tarrahi MJ, Farhang A, Amani R. Effect of zinc supplementation on quality of life and sleep quality in young women with premenstrual syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2020;302:657-664. View abstract.
  88. Ghorbani A, Akbari J, Boorboor M, Nekoukar Z, Eslami G. Evaluation of zinc sulfate mucoadhesive formulation on recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20:212. View abstract.
  89. Lassi ZS, Moin A, Bhutta ZA. Zinc supplementation for the prevention of pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 59 months. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;12:CD005978. View abstract.
  90. Fathi M, Alavinejad P, Haidari Z, Amani R. The Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Steatosis Severity and Liver Function Enzymes in Overweight/Obese Patients with Mild to Moderate Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Following Calorie-Restricted Diet: a Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2020;197:394-404. View abstract.
  91. Dhingra U, Kisenge R, Sudfeld CR, et al. Lower-Dose Zinc for Childhood Diarrhea - A Randomized, Multicenter Trial. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:1231-1241. View abstract.
  92. da Silva LEM, de Santana MLP, Costa PRF, et al. Zinc supplementation combined with antidepressant drugs for treatment of patients with depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev. 2021; 79:1-12. View abstract.
  93. Chi WJ, Myers JN, Frank SJ, et al. The effects of zinc on radiation-induced dysgeusia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Support Care Cancer. 2020;28:1-12. View abstract.
  94. Brown N, Kukka AJ, Mårtensson A. Efficacy of zinc as adjunctive pneumonia treatment in children aged 2 to 60 months in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2020;4:e000662. View abstract.
  95. Asbaghi O, Sadeghian M, Fouladvand F, et al. Effects of zinc supplementation on lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;30:1260-1271. View abstract.
  96. Ahmadi H, Mazloumi-Kiapey SS, Sadeghi O, et al. Zinc supplementation affects favorably the frequency of migraine attacks: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Nutr J. 2020;19:101. View abstract.
  97. Schisterman EF, Sjaarda LA, Clemons T, et al. Effect of folic acid and zinc supplementation in men on semen quality and live birth among couples undergoing infertility treatment: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2020;323:35-48. View abstract.
  98. Suliburska J, Skrypnik K, Szulinska M, Kupsz J, Markuszewski L, Bogdanski P. Diuretics, Ca-Antagonists, and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Affect Zinc Status in Hypertensive Patients on Monotherapy: A Randomized Trial. Nutrients. 2018;10. View abstract.
  99. Sturman N, Deckx L, van Driel ML. Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Nov 21;11:CD011144. View abstract.
  100. Rambod M, Pasyar N, Ramzi M. The effect of zinc sulfate on prevention, incidence, and severity of mucositis in leukemia patients undergoing chemotherapy. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2018;33:14-21. View abstract.
  101. Howie S, Bottomley C, Chimah O, et al. Zinc as an adjunct therapy in the management of severe pneumonia among Gambian children: randomized controlled trial. Glob Health 2018;8:010418. View abstract.
  102. Zahiri Sorouri Z, Sadeghi H, Pourmarzi D. The effect of zinc supplementation on pregnancy outcome: a randomized controlled trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29:2194-8. View abstract.
  103. Ribeiro SMF, Braga CBM, Peria FM, Martinez EZ, Rocha JJRD, Cunha SFC. Effects of zinc supplementation on fatigue and quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer. Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2017;15:24-28. View abstract.
  104. Mathur NB, Agarwal DK. Zinc Supplementation in Preterm Neonates and Neurological Development, A Randomized Controlled Trial. Indian Pediatr. 2015;52:951-5. View abstract.
  105. Li Z, Li B, Song X, Zhang D. Dietary zinc and iron intake and risk of depression: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2017;251:41-47. View abstract.
  106. Farhang B, Grondin L. The Effect of Zinc Lozenge on Postoperative Sore Throat: A Prospective Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study. Anesth Analg. 2018;126:78-83. View abstract.
  107. Bredholt M, Frederiksen JL. Zinc in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ASN Neuro. 2016;8. View abstract.
  108. Yousefichaijan P, Naziri M, Taherahmadi H, Kahbazi M, Tabaei A. Zinc supplementation in treatment of children with urinary tract infection. Iran J Kidney Dis. 2016;10:213-6. View abstract.
  109. Tie HT, Tan Q, Luo MZ, Li Q, Yu JL, Wu QC. Zinc as an adjunct to antibiotics for the treatment of severe pneumonia in children <5 years: a meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials. Br J Nutr. 2016;115:807-16. View abstract.
  110. Sharma G, Lodha R, Shastri S, et al. Zinc supplementation for one year among children with cystic fibrosis does not decrease pulmonary infection. Respir Care. 2016;61:78-84. View abstract.
  111. Saad K, El-Houfey AA, Abd El-Hamed MA, El-Asheer OM, Al-Atram AA, Tawfeek MS. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of treatment with zinc in children with intractable epilepsy. Funct Neurol. 2015;30:181-5. View abstract.
  112. Newton B, Bhat BV, Dhas BB, Mondal N, Gopalakrishna SM. Effect of zinc supplementation on early outcome of neonatal sepsis--A randomized controlled trial. Indian J Pediatr. 2016;83:289-93. View abstract.
  113. Mahyar A, Ayazi P, Ahmadi NK, et al. Zinc sulphate for acute bronchiolitis: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Infez Med. 2016;24:331-336. View abstract.
  114. Mahmoud AM, Al-Alem U, Dabbous F, et al. Zinc intake and risk of prostate cancer: Case-control study and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0165956. View abstract.
  115. Lazzerini M, Wanzira H. Oral zinc for treating diarrhoea in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;12:CD005436. View abstract.
  116. Karamali M, Heidarzadeh Z, Seifati SM, et al. Zinc supplementation and the effects on pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2016;124:28-33. View abstract.
  117. Karamali M, Heidarzadeh Z, Seifati SM, et al. Zinc supplementation and the effects on metabolic status in gestational diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Diabetes Complications. 2015;29:1314-9. View abstract.
  118. Jamilian M, Foroozanfard F, Bahmani F, Talaee R, Monavari M, Asemi Z. Effects of zinc supplementation on endocrine outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2016;170:271-8. View abstract.
  119. Fallah R, Sabbaghzadegan S, Karbasi SA, Binesh F. Efficacy of zinc sulfate supplement on febrile seizure recurrence prevention in children with normal serum zinc level: A randomised clinical trial. Nutrition. 2015;31(11-12):1358-61. View abstract.
  120. Ding Y, Jia YY, Li F, et al. The effect of staggered administration of zinc sulfate on the pharmacokinetics of oral cephalexin. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2012 Mar;73:422-7. View abstract.
  121. Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents: Drug Interactions between Integrase Inhibitors and Other Drugs. AIDSinfo. July 14, 2016. Available at: https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/html/1/adult-and-adolescent-arv-guidelines/287/insti-drug-interactions. (Accessed: 4/12/2017).
  122. Jalloh MA, Gregory PJ, Hein D, et al. Dietary supplement interactions with antiretrovirals: a systematic review. Int J STD AIDS. 2017 Jan;28:4-15. View abstract.
  123. AAO Retina/Vitreous PPP Panel, Hoskins Center for Quality Eye Care. Age-Related Macular Degeneration PPP - Updated 2015. www.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/age-related-macular-degeneration-ppp-2015. Accessed 11 November 2016.
  124. Chew EY1, Klein ML2, Clemons TE3, Agrón E4, Abecasis GR5. Genetic testing in persons with age-related macular degeneration and the use of the AREDS supplements: to test or not to test? Ophthalmology. 2015 Jan;122:212-5. View abstract.
  125. Wittes J, Musch DC. Should we test for genotype in deciding on age-related eye disease study supplementation? Ophthalmology. 2015 Jan;122:3-5. View abstract.
  126. Bonelli L, Puntoni M, Gatteschi B, et al. Antioxidant supplement and long-term reduction of recurrent adenomas of the large bowel. A double-blind randomized trial. J Gastroenterol 2013;48:698-705. View abstract.
  127. Hemilä H, Petrus EJ, Fitzgerald JT, Prasad A. Zinc acetate lozenges for treating the common cold: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Jul 5. View abstract.
  128. Lalles J-P.Intestinal alkaline phosphatase: multiple biological roles in maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and modulation by diet. Nutr Rev. 2010;68:323-332. View abstract.
  129. Zittel S, Ufer F, Gerloff C, Münchau A, Rosenkranz M. Severe myelopathy after denture cream use--is copper deficiency or excess zinc the cause? Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2014 Jun;121:17-8. View abstract.
  130. Yousefi A, Khani Khoozani Z, Zakerzadeh Forooshani S, Omrani N, Moini AM, Eskandari Y. Is topical zinc effective in the treatment of melasma? A double-blind randomized comparative study. Dermatol Surg. 2014 Jan;40:33-7. View abstract.
  131. Terrin G, Berni Canani R, Passariello A, Messina F, Conti MG, Caoci S, Smaldore A, Bertino E, De Curtis M. Zinc supplementation reduces morbidity and mortality in very-low-birth-weight preterm neonates: a hospital-based randomized, placebo-controlled trial in an industrialized country. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Dec;98:1468-74. View abstract.
  132. Swe KM, Abas AB, Bhardwaj A, Barua A, Nair NS. Zinc supplements for treating thalassaemia and sickle cell disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jun 28;6:CD009415. View abstract.
  133. Swardfager W, Herrmann N, Mazereeuw G, Goldberger K, Harimoto T, Lanctôt KL. Zinc in depression: a meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry. 2013 Dec 15;74:872-8. View abstract.
  134. Sheqwara J, Alkhatib Y. Sideroblastic anemia secondary to zinc toxicity. Blood. 2013 Jul 18;122:311. View abstract.
  135. Sayyah M, Olapour A, Saeedabad Ys, Yazdan Parast R, Malayeri A. Evaluation of oral zinc sulfate effect on obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Nutrition. 2012 Sep;28:892-5. View abstract.
  136. Ranjbar E, Shams J, Sabetkasaei M, M-Shirazi M, Rashidkhani B, Mostafavi A, Bornak E, Nasrollahzadeh J. Effects of zinc supplementation on efficacy of antidepressant therapy, inflammatory cytokines, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with major depression. Nutr Neurosci. 2014 Feb;17:65-71. View abstract.
  137. Qiao L, Feng Y. Intakes of heme iron and zinc and colorectal cancer incidence: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Cancer Causes Control. 2013 Jun;24:1175-83. View abstract.
  138. Pinedo G, Zarate AJ, Inostroza G, Meneses X, Falloux E, Molina O, Molina ME, Bellolio F, Zúñiga A. New treatment for faecal incontinence using zinc-aluminium ointment: a double-blind randomized trial. Colorectal Dis. 2012 May;14:596-8. View abstract.
  139. Najafabadi MM, Faghihi G, Emami A, Monghad M, Moeenzadeh F, Sharif N, Davarpanah Jazi AH. Zinc sulfate for relief of pruritus in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Ther Apher Dial. 2012 Apr;16:142-5. View abstract.
  140. Moyle G, Else L, Jackson A, Back D, Yapa MH, Seymour N, Ringner-Nackter L, Karolia Z, Gazzard B, Boffito M. Coadministration of atazanavir-ritonavir and zinc sulfate: impact on hyperbilirubinemia and pharmacokinetics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Aug;57:3640-4. View abstract.
  141. Mansouri A, Hadjibabaie M, Iravani M, Shamshiri AR, Hayatshahi A, Javadi MR, Khoee SH, Alimoghaddam K, Ghavamzadeh A. The effect of zinc sulfate in the prevention of high-dose chemotherapy-induced mucositis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Hematol Oncol. 2012 Mar;30:22-6. View abstract.
  142. Lyckholm L, Heddinger SP, Parker G, Coyne PJ, Ramakrishnan V, Smith TJ, Henkin RI. A randomized, placebo controlled trial of oral zinc for chemotherapy-related taste and smell disorders. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2012 Jun;26:111-4. View abstract.
  143. Li P, Xu J, Shi Y, Ye Y, Chen K, Yang J, Wu Y. Association between zinc intake and risk of digestive tract cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr. 2014 Jun;33:415-20. View abstract.
  144. Kumar A, Bagri NK, Basu S, Asthana RK. Zinc supplementation for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a randomized controlled trial. Indian Pediatr. 2014 May;51:375-8. View abstract.
  145. Goodarzi D, Cyrus A, Baghinia MR, Kazemifar AM, Shirincar M. The efficacy of zinc for treatment of chronic prostatitis. Acta Med Indones. 2013 Oct;45:259-64. View abstract.
  146. Gogia S, Sachdev HS. Zinc supplementation for mental and motor development in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Dec 12;12:CD007991. View abstract.
  147. Fung EB, Kwiatkowski JL, Huang JN, Gildengorin G, King JC, Vichinsky EP. Zinc supplementation improves bone density in patients with thalassemia: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Oct;98:960-71. View abstract.
  148. Dadamio J, Van Tournout M, Teughels W, Dekeyser C, Coucke W, Quirynen M. Efficacy of different mouthrinse formulations in reducing oral malodour: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2013 May;40:505-13. View abstract.
  149. Crown LA, May JA. Zinc toxicity: denture adhesives, bone marrow failure and polyneuropathy. Tenn Med. 2012 Feb;105:39-40, 42. View abstract.
  150. Consolo LZ, Melnikov P, Cônsolo FZ, Nascimento VA, Pontes JC. Zinc supplementation in children and adolescents with acute leukemia. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013 Oct;67:1056-9. View abstract.
  151. Chavez-Tapia NC, Cesar-Arce A, Barrientos-Gutiérrez T, Villegas-López FA, Méndez-Sanchez N, Uribe M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the use of oral zinc in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. Nutr J. 2013 Jun 6;12:74. View abstract.
  152. Gibson RS. A historical review of progress in the assessment of dietary zinc intake as an indicator of population zinc status. Adv Nutr. 2012 Nov 1;3:772-82. View abstract.
  153. Basnet S, Shrestha PS, Sharma A, Mathisen M, Prasai R, Bhandari N, Adhikari RK, Sommerfelt H, Valentiner-Branth P, Strand TA; Zinc Severe Pneumonia Study Group. A randomized controlled trial of zinc as adjuvant therapy for severe pneumonia in young children. Pediatrics. 2012 Apr;129:701-8. View abstract.
  154. Barak S, Katz J. The effect of Breezy candy on halitosis: a double-blind, controlled, and randomized study. Quintessence Int. 2012 Apr;43:313-7. View abstract.
  155. Bamford JT, Gessert CE, Haller IV, Kruger K, Johnson BP. Randomized, double-blind trial of 220 mg zinc sulfate twice daily in the treatment of rosacea. Int J Dermatol. 2012 Apr;51:459-62. View abstract.
  156. Azizollahi G, Azizollahi S, Babaei H, Kianinejad M, Baneshi MR, Nematollahi-mahani SN. Effects of supplement therapy on sperm parameters, protamine content and acrosomal integrity of varicocelectomized subjects. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2013;30:593-9. View abstract.
  157. Awh CC, Hawken S, Zanke BW. Treatment response to antioxidants and zinc based on CFH and ARMS2 genetic risk allele number in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study. Ophthalmology. 2015 Jan;122:162-9. View abstract.
  158. Attia EA, Belal DM, El Samahy MH, El Hamamsy MH. A pilot trial using topical regular crystalline insulin vs. aqueous zinc solution for uncomplicated cutaneous wound healing: Impact on quality of life. Wound Repair Regen. 2014 Jan-Feb;22:52-7. View abstract.
  159. Arbabi-kalati F, Arbabi-kalati F, Deghatipour M, Ansari Moghadam A. Evaluation of the efficacy of zinc sulfate in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced mucositis: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Arch Iran Med. 2012 Jul;15:413-7. View abstract.
  160. Akhavan S, Mohammadi SR, Modarres Gillani M, Mousavi AS, Shirazi M. Efficacy of combination therapy of oral zinc sulfate with imiquimod, podophyllin or cryotherapy in the treatment of vulvar warts. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2014 Oct;40:2110-3. View abstract.
  161. Chew EY, Clemons TE, Agrón E, Sperduto RD, Sangiovanni JP, Kurinij N, Davis MD; Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. Long-term effects of vitamins C and E, ß-carotene, and zinc on age-related macular degeneration: AREDS report no. 35. Ophthalmology. 2013 Aug;120:1604-11.e4. View abstract.
  162. Roy, S. K., Tornkins, A. M., Haider, R., Akramuzzaman, S. M., Behren, R. H., and Mahalanabis, D. Impact of zinc supplementation on subsequent growth and morbidity in children presenting with persistent diarrhoea syndrome (PDS) in Bangladesh [Abstract]. 1994;
  163. Roy, S. K., Tomkins, A. M., Haider, R., Akramuzzaman, S. M., and Behrens, R. Impact of zinc supplementation on subsequent growth and morbidity in Bangladeshi children with acute diarrhoea [abstract]. 1991;
  164. Khatun, U. H. F. Impact of zinc and vitamin A supplementation in malnourished hospitalized children suffering from persistent diarrhoea. PhD thesis. The University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 1998;
  165. Shankar, A. H., Genton, B., Tamja, S., Arnold, S., and Wu, L. Zinc Supplementation can Reduce Malaria-Related Morbidity in Preschool Children. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1997;57(3 Suppl/1):434.
  166. Hidayat, A., Achadi, A., Sunoto, and Soedarmo, S. P. THe effect of zinc sulfate supplementation in children under three years of age with acute diarrhea in Indonesia. Med J Indonesia 1998;7:237-241.
  167. Nachnani, S. Reduction of oral malodor with Zinc containing Chewing gum(abstract). J Dent Res 1999;78
  168. DeCook, C. A. and Hirsch, A. R. Anosmia due to inhalational zinc: a case report (abstract). Chem Senses 2000;25:659.
  169. Bosch, F. and Jimenez, E. Post-marketing surveillance of zinc acexamate in peptic ulcer treatment. Clin Trials J 1990;27:301-312.
  170. Varas Lorenzo, M. J. Zinc acexamate and ranitidine in the short- and mid-term management of gastroduodenal ulcers. Curr Ther Res 21986;39:19-29.
  171. Roy, S. K., Tomkins, A. M., Mahalanabis, D., Akramuzzaman, S. M., Haider, R., Behrens, R. H., and Fuchs, G. Impact of zinc supplementation on persistent diarrhoea in malnourished Bangladeshi children. Acta Paediatr. 1998;87:1235-1239. View abstract.
  172. Marchesini, G., Bugianesi, E., Ronchi, M., Flamia, R., Thomaseth, K., and Pacini, G. Zinc supplementation improves glucose disposal in patients with cirrhosis. Metabolism 1998;47:792-798. View abstract.
  173. Sazawal, S., Black, R. E., Jalla, S., Mazumdar, S., Sinha, A., and Bhan, M. K. Zinc supplementation reduces the incidence of acute lower respiratory infections in infants and preschool children: a double-blind, controlled trial. Pediatrics 1998;102(1 Pt 1):1-5. View abstract.
  174. Meeks, Gardner J., Witter, M. M., and Ramdath, D. D. Zinc supplementation: effects on the growth and morbidity of undernourished Jamaican children. Eur.J Clin Nutr 1998;52:34-39. View abstract.
  175. Sazawal, S., Jalla, S., Mazumder, S., Sinha, A., Black, R. E., and Bhan, M. K. Effect of zinc supplementation on cell-mediated immunity and lymphocyte subsets in preschool children. Indian Pediatr. 1997;34:589-597. View abstract.
  176. Jackson, J. L., Peterson, C., and Lesho, E. A meta-analysis of zinc salts lozenges and the common cold. Arch.Intern.Med 11-10-1997;157:2373-2376. View abstract.
  177. Sazawal, S., Black, R. E., Bhan, M. K., Jalla, S., Sinha, A., and Bhandari, N. Efficacy of zinc supplementation in reducing the incidence and prevalence of acute diarrhea--a community-based, double-blind, controlled trial. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 1997;66:413-418. View abstract.
  178. Fairbrother, K. J., Kowolik, M. J., Curzon, M. E., Muller, I., McKeown, S., Hill, C. M., Hannigan, C., Bartizek, R. D., and White, D. J. The comparative clinical efficacy of pyrophosphate/triclosan, copolymer/triclosan and zinc citrate/triclosan dentifrices for the reduction of supragingival calculus formation. J.Clin.Dent. 1997;8(2 Spec No):62-66. View abstract.
  179. Fjellner, B. Drug-induced lupus erythematosus aggravated by oral zinc therapy. Acta Derm.Venereol. 1979;59:368-370. View abstract.
  180. Zinc lozenges reduce the duration of common cold symptoms. Nutr.Rev. 1997;55:82-85. View abstract.
  181. Ruel, M. T., Rivera, J. A., Santizo, M. C., Lonnerdal, B., and Brown, K. H. Impact of zinc supplementation on morbidity from diarrhea and respiratory infections among rural Guatemalan children. Pediatrics 1997;99:808-813. View abstract.
  182. Friis, H., Ndhlovu, P., Mduluza, T., Kaondera, K., Sandstrom, B., Michaelsen, K. F., Vennervald, B. J., and Christensen, N. O. The impact of zinc supplementation on Schistosoma mansoni reinfection rate and intensities: a randomized, controlled trial among rural Zimbabwean schoolchildren. Eur.J Clin Nutr 1997;51:33-37. View abstract.
  183. Esmaeli, B., Burnstine, M. A., Martonyi, C. L., Sugar, A., Johnson, V., and Brewer, G. J. Regression of Kayser-Fleischer rings during oral zinc therapy: correlation with systemic manifestations of Wilson's disease. Cornea 1996;15:582-588. View abstract.
  184. Trubiani, O., Antonucci, A., Palka, G., and Di Primio, R. Programmed cell death of peripheral myeloid precursor cells in Down patients: effect of zinc therapy. Ultrastruct.Pathol. 1996;20:457-462. View abstract.
  185. Ninh, N. X., Thissen, J. P., Collette, L., Gerard, G., Khoi, H. H., and Ketelslegers, J. M. Zinc supplementation increases growth and circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in growth-retarded Vietnamese children. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 1996;63:514-519. View abstract.
  186. Bates, C. J., Evans, P. H., Dardenne, M., Prentice, A., Lunn, P. G., Northrop-Clewes, C. A., Hoare, S., Cole, T. J., Horan, S. J., Longman, S. C., and . A trial of zinc supplementation in young rural Gambian children. Br.J.Nutr. 1993;69:243-255. View abstract.
  187. Hinojosa, J., Prosper, M., Primo, J., and Moles, J. R. [The effect of a single nighttime dose of zinc acexamate (ZAC) on basal and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion]. Rev Esp.Enferm.Dig. 1993;83:55-56. View abstract.
  188. Scholl, T. O., Hediger, M. L., Schall, J. I., Fischer, R. L., and Khoo, C. S. Low zinc intake during pregnancy: its association with preterm and very preterm delivery. Am.J Epidemiol. 5-15-1993;137:1115-1124. View abstract.
  189. Lang, C. J., Rabas-Kolominsky, P., Engelhardt, A., Kobras, G., and Konig, H. J. Fatal deterioration of Wilson's disease after institution of oral zinc therapy. Arch Neurol. 1993;50:1007-1008. View abstract.
  190. Kajanachumpol, S., Srisurapanon, S., Supanit, I., Roongpisuthipong, C., and Apibal, S. Effect of zinc supplementation on zinc status, copper status and cellular immunity in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus. J Med Assoc Thai 1995;78:344-349. View abstract.
  191. Castillo-Duran, C., Rodriguez, A., Venegas, G., Alvarez, P., and Icaza, G. Zinc supplementation and growth of infants born small for gestational age. J.Pediatr. 1995;127:206-211. View abstract.
  192. Golik, A., Cohen, N., Ramot, Y., Maor, J., Moses, R., Weissgarten, J., Leonov, Y., and Modai, D. Type II diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, and zinc metabolism. Biol.Trace Elem.Res 1993;39(2-3):171-175. View abstract.
  193. Balogh, Z., El-Ghobarey, A. F., Fell, G. S., Brown, D. H., Dunlop, J., and Dick, W. C. Plasma zinc and its relationship to clinical symptoms and drug treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann.Rheum.Dis. 1980;39:329-332. View abstract.
  194. Netter, A., Hartoma, R., and Nahoul, K. Effect of zinc administration on plasma testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and sperm count. Arch Androl 1981;7:69-73. View abstract.
  195. Addy, M., Richards, J., and Williams, G. Effects of a zinc citrate mouthwash on dental plaque and salivary bacteria. J.Clin.Periodontol. 1980;7:309-315. View abstract.
  196. Zetin, M. and Stone, R. A. Effects of zinc in chronic hemodialysis. Clin Nephrol. 1980;13:20-25. View abstract.
  197. Duchateau, J., Delepesse, G., Vrijens, R., and Collet, H. Beneficial effects of oral zinc supplementation on the immune response of old people. Am.J.Med. 1981;70:1001-1004. View abstract.
  198. Mattingly, P. C. and Mowat, A. G. Zinc sulphate in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann.Rheum.Dis. 1982;41:456-457. View abstract.
  199. Prasad, A. S. and Cossack, Z. T. Zinc supplementation and growth in sickle cell disease. Ann Intern Med 1984;100:367-371. View abstract.
  200. Dahl, H., Norskov, K., Peitersen, E., and Hilden, J. Zinc therapy of acetazolamide-induced side-effects. Acta Ophthalmol.(Copenh) 1984;62:739-745. View abstract.
  201. Sprenger, K. B., Schmitz, J., Hetzel, D., Bundschu, D., and Franz, H. E. Zinc and sexual dysfunction. Contrib.Nephrol. 1984;38:119-128. View abstract.
  202. Demetree, J. W., Safer, L. F., and Artis, W. M. The effect of zinc on the sebum secretion rate. Acta Derm.Venereol. 1980;60:166-169. View abstract.
  203. Reding, P., Duchateau, J., and Bataille, C. Oral zinc supplementation improves hepatic encephalopathy. Results of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 9-1-1984;2:493-495. View abstract.
  204. Murphy, J. V. Intoxication following ingestion of elemental zinc. JAMA 6-22-1970;212:2119-2120. View abstract.
  205. Voorhees, J. J., Chakrabarti, S. G., Botero, F., Miedler, L., and Harrell, E. R. Zinc therapy and distribution in psoriasis. Arch.Dermatol. 1969;100:669-673. View abstract.
  206. Aamodt, R. L., Rumble, W. F., Johnston, G. S., Foster, D., and Henkin, R. I. Zinc metabolism in humans after oral and intravenous administration of Zn-69m. Am J Clin Nutr 1979;32:559-569. View abstract.
  207. Serjeant, G. R., Galloway, R. E., and Gueri, M. C. Oral zinc sulphate in sickle-cell ulcers. Lancet 10-31-1970;2:891-892. View abstract.
  208. Brocks, A., Reid, H., and Glazer, G. Acute intravenous zinc poisoning. Br.Med J 5-28-1977;1:1390-1391. View abstract.
  209. Agren, M. S. and Stromberg, H. E. Topical treatment of pressure ulcers. A randomized comparative trial of Varidase and zinc oxide. Scand.J.Plast.Reconstr.Surg. 1985;19:97-100. View abstract.
  210. Graham, R. M., James, M. P., and Bennett, S. Low concentration zinc sulphate solution in the management of recurrent herpes simplex infection. Br.J.Dermatol. 1985;112:123-124. View abstract.
  211. Arcasoy, A., Cavdar, A., Cin, S., Erten, J., Babacan, E., Gozdasoglu, S., and Akar, N. Effects of zinc supplementation on linear growth in beta-thalassemia (a new approach). Am J Hematol. 1987;24:127-136. View abstract.
  212. Hill, G. M., Brewer, G. J., Juni, J. E., Prasad, A. S., and Dick, R. D. Treatment of Wilson's disease with zinc. II. Validation of oral 64copper with copper balance. Am J Med Sci 1986;292:344-349. View abstract.
  213. Weismann, K., Christensen, E., and Dreyer, V. Zinc supplementation in alcoholic cirrhosis. A double-blind clinical trial. Acta Med Scand. 1979;205:361-366. View abstract.
  214. Mathe, G., Blazsek, I., Canon, C., Gil-Delgado, M., and Misset, J. L. From experimental to clinical attempts in immunorestoration with bestatin and zinc. Comp Immunol.Microbiol.Infect.Dis. 1986;9(2-3):241-252. View abstract.
  215. Morgan, A. A. Bleeding gastric erosion after oral zinc sulphate. Br.Med.J. 5-13-1978;1:1283-1284. View abstract.
  216. Hustead, V. A., Greger, J. L., and Gutcher, G. R. Zinc supplementation and plasma concentration of vitamin A in preterm infants. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 1988;47:1017-1021. View abstract.
  217. Samman, S. and Roberts, D. C. The effect of zinc supplements on lipoproteins and copper status. Atherosclerosis 1988;70:247-252. View abstract.
  218. Shah, D. R., Singh, P. P., Gupta, R. C., and Bhandari, T. K. Effect of oral zinc sulphate on serum lipids and lipoproteins in human subjects. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1988;32:47-50. View abstract.
  219. Cochran, R. J., Tucker, S. B., and Flannigan, S. A. Topical zinc therapy for acne vulgaris. Int.J Dermatol. 1985;24:188-190. View abstract.
  220. Sachdev, H. P., Mittal, N. K., Mittal, S. K., and Yadav, H. S. A controlled trial on utility of oral zinc supplementation in acute dehydrating diarrhea in infants. J Pediatr.Gastroenterol.Nutr 1988;7:877-881. View abstract.
  221. Franceschi, C., Chiricolo, M., Licastro, F., Zannotti, M., Masi, M., Mocchegiani, E., and Fabris, N. Oral zinc supplementation in Down's syndrome: restoration of thymic endocrine activity and of some immune defects. J Ment.Defic.Res 1988;32 ( Pt 3):169-181. View abstract.
  222. Alcala-Santaella, R., Castellanos, D., Velo, J. L., and Gonzalez, Lara, V. Zinc acexamate in treatment of duocenal ulcer. Lancet 7-20-1985;2:157. View abstract.
  223. Collipp, P. J. Effect of oral zinc supplements on diaper rash in normal infants. J Med Assoc.Ga 1989;78:621-623. View abstract.
  224. Lockitch, G., Puterman, M., Godolphin, W., Sheps, S., Tingle, A. J., and Quigley, G. Infection and immunity in Down syndrome: a trial of long-term low oral doses of zinc. J.Pediatr. 1989;114:781-787. View abstract.
  225. Rebello, T., Atherton, D. J., and Holden, C. The effect of oral zinc administration on sebum free fatty acids in acne vulgaris. Acta Derm.Venereol. 1986;66:305-310. View abstract.
  226. Bogden, J. D., Oleske, J. M., Lavenhar, M. A., Munves, E. M., Kemp, F. W., Bruening, K. S., Holding, K. J., Denny, T. N., Guarino, M. A., and Holland, B. K. Effects of one year of supplementation with zinc and other micronutrients on cellular immunity in the elderly. J.Am.Coll.Nutr. 1990;9:214-225. View abstract.
  227. Grattan, B. J. and Freake, H. C. Zinc and cancer: implications for LIV-1 in breast cancer. Nutrients. 2012;4:648-675. View abstract.
  228. Lazzerini, M. and Ronfani, L. Oral zinc for treating diarrhoea in children. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;6:CD005436. View abstract.
  229. Gulani, A. and Sachdev, H. S. Zinc supplements for preventing otitis media. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;4:CD006639. View abstract.
  230. Haider, B. A., Lassi, Z. S., Ahmed, A., and Bhutta, Z. A. Zinc supplementation as an adjunct to antibiotics in the treatment of pneumonia in children 2 to 59 months of age. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2011;:CD007368. View abstract.
  231. Zeng, L. and Zhang, L. Efficacy and safety of zinc supplementation for adults, children and pregnant women with HIV infection: systematic review. Trop.Med.Int Health 2011;16:1474-1482. View abstract.
  232. Valavi, E., Hakimzadeh, M., Shamsizadeh, A., Aminzadeh, M., and Alghasi, A. The efficacy of zinc supplementation on outcome of children with severe pneumonia. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Indian J Pediatr. 2011;78:1079-1084. View abstract.
  233. Dutta, P., Mitra, U., Dutta, S., Naik, T. N., Rajendran, K., and Chatterjee, M. K. Zinc, vitamin A, and micronutrient supplementation in children with diarrhea: a randomized controlled clinical trial of combination therapy versus monotherapy. J Pediatr. 2011;159:633-637. View abstract.
  234. Patel, A. B., Mamtani, M., Badhoniya, N., and Kulkarni, H. What zinc supplementation does and does not achieve in diarrhea prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC.Infect.Dis. 2011;11:122. View abstract.
  235. Yakoob, M. Y., Theodoratou, E., Jabeen, A., Imdad, A., Eisele, T. P., Ferguson, J., Jhass, A., Rudan, I., Campbell, H., Black, R. E., and Bhutta, Z. A. Preventive zinc supplementation in developing countries: impact on mortality and morbidity due to diarrhea, pneumonia and malaria. BMC.Public Health 2011;11 Suppl 3:S23. View abstract.
  236. Dalgic, N., Sancar, M., Bayraktar, B., Pullu, M., and Hasim, O. Probiotic, zinc and lactose-free formula in children with rotavirus diarrhea: are they effective? Pediatr.Int 2011;53:677-682. View abstract.
  237. Simonart, T. and de, Maertelaer, V. Systemic treatments for cutaneous warts: a systematic review. J Dermatolog.Treat. 2012;23:72-77. View abstract.
  238. Patro, B., Szymanski, H., and Szajewska, H. Oral zinc for the treatment of acute gastroenteritis in Polish children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Pediatr. 2010;157:984-988. View abstract.
  239. Vecchio, M., Navaneethan, S. D., Johnson, D. W., Lucisano, G., Graziano, G., Querques, M., Saglimbene, V., Ruospo, M., Bonifati, C., Jannini, E. A., and Strippoli, G. F. Treatment options for sexual dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;5:985-995. View abstract.
  240. Hu, D., Sreenivasan, P. K., Zhang, Y. P., and De, Vizio W. The effects of a zinc citrate dentifrice on bacteria found on oral surfaces. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2010;8:47-53. View abstract.
  241. Baum, M. K., Lai, S., Sales, S., Page, J. B., and Campa, A. Randomized, controlled clinical trial of zinc supplementation to prevent immunological failure in HIV-infected adults. Clin Infect.Dis. 6-15-2010;50:1653-1660. View abstract.
  242. Patel, A., Mamtani, M., Dibley, M. J., Badhoniya, N., and Kulkarni, H. Therapeutic value of zinc supplementation in acute and persistent diarrhea: a systematic review. PLoS.One. 2010;5:e10386. View abstract.
  243. Bao, B., Prasad, A. S., Beck, F. W., Fitzgerald, J. T., Snell, D., Bao, G. W., Singh, T., and Cardozo, L. J. Zinc decreases C-reactive protein, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory cytokines in elderly subjects: a potential implication of zinc as an atheroprotective agent. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:1634-1641. View abstract.
  244. Walker, C. L. and Black, R. E. Zinc for the treatment of diarrhoea: effect on diarrhoea morbidity, mortality and incidence of future episodes. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39 Suppl 1:i63-i69. View abstract.
  245. Sheikh, A., Shamsuzzaman, S., Ahmad, S. M., Nasrin, D., Nahar, S., Alam, M. M., Al, Tarique A., Begum, Y. A., Qadri, S. S., Chowdhury, M. I., Saha, A., Larson, C. P., and Qadri, F. Zinc influences innate immune responses in children with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced diarrhea. J Nutr 2010;140:1049-1056. View abstract.
  246. Hambidge, K. M., Miller, L. V., Westcott, J. E., Sheng, X., and Krebs, N. F. Zinc bioavailability and homeostasis. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:1478S-1483S. View abstract.
  247. Segreto, V. A., Collins, E. M., D'Agostino, R., Cancro, L. P., Pfeifer, H. J., and Gilbert, R. J. Anticalculus effect of a dentifrice containing 0.5% zinc citrate trihydrate. Community Dent.Oral Epidemiol. 1991;19:29-31. View abstract.
  248. Gutierrez, Castrellon P., Polanco, Allue, I, and Salazar, Lindo E. [An evidence based Iberic-Latin American guideline for acute gastroenteritis management in infants and prescholars]. An.Pediatr.(Barc.) 2010;72:220. View abstract.
  249. Foster, M., Petocz, P., and Samman, S. Effects of zinc on plasma lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in humans: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Atherosclerosis 2010;210:344-352. View abstract.
  250. Grimwood, K. and Forbes, D. A. Acute and persistent diarrhea. Pediatr Clin North Am 2009;56:1343-1361. View abstract.
  251. Brandrup, F., Menne, T., Agren, M. S., Stromberg, H. E., Holst, R., and Frisen, M. A randomized trial of two occlusive dressings in the treatment of leg ulcers. Acta Derm.Venereol 1990;70:231-235. View abstract.
  252. Cereda, E., Gini, A., Pedrolli, C., and Vanotti, A. Disease-specific, versus standard, nutritional support for the treatment of pressure ulcers in institutionalized older adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr.Soc 2009;57:1395-1402. View abstract.
  253. Taneja, S., Bhandari, N., Rongsen-Chandola, T., Mahalanabis, D., Fontaine, O., and Bhan, M. K. Effect of zinc supplementation on morbidity and growth in hospital-born, low-birth-weight infants. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:385-391. View abstract.
  254. Rashidi, A. A., Salehi, M., Piroozmand, A., and Sagheb, M. M. Effects of zinc supplementation on serum zinc and C-reactive protein concentrations in hemodialysis patients. J Ren Nutr 2009;19:475-478. View abstract.
  255. Patel, A., Dibley, M. J., Mamtani, M., Badhoniya, N., and Kulkarni, H. Zinc and copper supplementation in acute diarrhea in children: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. BMC.Med 2009;7:22. View abstract.
  256. Lin, Y. S., Lin, L. C., and Lin, S. W. Effects of zinc supplementation on the survival of patients who received concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: follow-up of a double-blind randomized study with subgroup analysis. Laryngoscope 2009;119:1348-1352. View abstract.
  257. Tang, Y., Yang, Q., Lu, J., Zhang, X., Suen, D., Tan, Y., Jin, L., Xiao, J., Xie, R., Rane, M., Li, X., and Cai, L. Zinc supplementation partially prevents renal pathological changes in diabetic rats. J Nutr Biochem. 2010;21:237-246. View abstract.
  258. Siwek, M., Dudek, D., Paul, I. A., Sowa-Kucma, M., Zieba, A., Popik, P., Pilc, A., and Nowak, G. Zinc supplementation augments efficacy of imipramine in treatment resistant patients: a double blind, placebo-controlled study. J Affect.Disord. 2009;118(1-3):187-195. View abstract.
  259. Holtkamp, W., Brodersen, H. P., Thiery, J., Falkner, C., Bolzius, R., Larbig, D., and Reis, H. E. [Effect of zinc substitution on lymphocyte subsets and cellular immune function in hemodialysis patients]. Klin.Wochenschr. 6-18-1991;69:392-396. View abstract.
  260. Lin, S. F., Wei, H., Maeder, D., Franklin, R. B., and Feng, P. Profiling of zinc-altered gene expression in human prostate normal vs. cancer cells: a time course study. J Nutr Biochem. 2009;20:1000-1012. View abstract.
  261. Fajolu, I. B., Emokpae, A., Oduwole, A. O., Silva, B. O., Abidoye, R. O., and Renner, J. K. Zinc supplementation in children with acute diarrhoea. Nig.Q.J Hosp.Med. 2008;18:101-103. View abstract.
  262. Riggio, O., Ariosto, F., Merli, M., Caschera, M., Zullo, A., Balducci, G., Ziparo, V., Pedretti, G., Fiaccadori, F., Bottari, E., and . Short-term oral zinc supplementation does not improve chronic hepatic encephalopathy. Results of a double-blind crossover trial. Dig.Dis.Sci 1991;36:1204-1208. View abstract.
  263. Sandstead, H. H., Prasad, A. S., Penland, J. G., Beck, F. W., Kaplan, J., Egger, N. G., Alcock, N. W., Carroll, R. M., Ramanujam, V. M., Dayal, H. H., Rocco, C. D., Plotkin, R. A., and Zavaleta, A. N. Zinc deficiency in Mexican American children: influence of zinc and other micronutrients on T cells, cytokines, and antiinflammatory plasma proteins. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88:1067-1073. View abstract.
  264. Larson, C. P., Roy, S. K., Khan, A. I., Rahman, A. S., and Qadri, F. Zinc treatment to under-five children: applications to improve child survival and reduce burden of disease. J Health Popul.Nutr 2008;26:356-365. View abstract.
  265. Bellamy, P. G., Jhaj, R., Mussett, A. J., Barker, M. L., Klukowska, M., and White, D. J. Comparison of a stabilized stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice and a zinc citrate dentifrice on plaque formation measured by digital plaque imaging (DPIA) with white light illumination. J Clin Dent. 2008;19:48-54. View abstract.
  266. Winch, P. J., Gilroy, K. E., Doumbia, S., Patterson, A. E., Daou, Z., Diawara, A., Swedberg, E., Black, R. E., and Fontaine, O. Operational issues and trends associated with the pilot introduction of zinc for childhood diarrhoea in Bougouni district, Mali. J Health Popul.Nutr 2008;26:151-162. View abstract.
  267. Lazzerini, M. and Ronfani, L. Oral zinc for treating diarrhoea in children. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2008;:CD005436. View abstract.
  268. Iannotti, L. L., Zavaleta, N., Leon, Z., Shankar, A. H., and Caulfield, L. E. Maternal zinc supplementation and growth in Peruvian infants. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88:154-160. View abstract.
  269. Hunt, J. R., Beiseigel, J. M., and Johnson, L. K. Adaptation in human zinc absorption as influenced by dietary zinc and bioavailability. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:1336-1345. View abstract.
  270. Chung, C. S., Stookey, J., Dare, D., Welch, R., Nguyen, T. Q., Roehl, R., Peerson, J. M., King, J. C., and Brown, K. H. Current dietary zinc intake has a greater effect on fractional zinc absorption than does longer term zinc consumption in healthy adult men. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:1224-1229. View abstract.
  271. Bhandari, N., Mazumder, S., Taneja, S., Dube, B., Agarwal, R. C., Mahalanabis, D., Fontaine, O., Black, R. E., and Bhan, M. K. Effectiveness of zinc supplementation plus oral rehydration salts compared with oral rehydration salts alone as a treatment for acute diarrhea in a primary care setting: a cluster randomized trial. Pediatrics 2008;121:e1279-e1285. View abstract.
  272. Stabile, A., Pesaresi, M. A., Stabile, A. M., Pastore, M., Sopo, S. M., Ricci, R., Celestini, E., and Segni, G. Immunodeficiency and plasma zinc levels in children with Down's syndrome: a long-term follow-up of oral zinc supplementation. Clin Immunol.Immunopathol. 1991;58:207-216. View abstract.
  273. Lukacik, M., Thomas, R. L., and Aranda, J. V. A meta-analysis of the effects of oral zinc in the treatment of acute and persistent diarrhea. Pediatrics 2008;121:326-336. View abstract.
  274. Abdulhamid, I., Beck, F. W., Millard, S., Chen, X., and Prasad, A. Effect of zinc supplementation on respiratory tract infections in children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr.Pulmonol. 2008;43:281-287. View abstract.
  275. Roy, S. K., Hossain, M. J., Khatun, W., Chakraborty, B., Chowdhury, S., Begum, A., Mah-e-Muneer, Shafique, S., Khanam, M., and Chowdhury, R. Zinc supplementation in children with cholera in Bangladesh: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2-2-2008;336:266-268. View abstract.
  276. Lin, L. C., Que, J., Lin, K. L., Leung, H. W., Lu, C. L., and Chang, C. H. Effects of zinc supplementation on clinical outcomes in patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancers: a double-blinded randomized study. Int J Radiat.Oncol Biol Phys 2-1-2008;70:368-373. View abstract.
  277. Long, K. Z., Rosado, J. L., Montoya, Y., de Lourdes, Solano M., Hertzmark, E., DuPont, H. L., and Santos, J. I. Effect of vitamin A and zinc supplementation on gastrointestinal parasitic infections among Mexican children. Pediatrics 2007;120:e846-e855. View abstract.
  278. Dimitropoulou, P., Nayee, S., Liu, J. F., Demetriou, L., van, Tongeren M., Hepworth, S. J., and Muir, K. R. Dietary zinc intake and brain cancer in adults: a case-control study. Br J Nutr 2008;99:667-673. View abstract.
  279. Varas Lorenzo, M. J., Lopez, Martinez A., Gordillo, Bernal J., and Mundet, Surroca J. [Comparative study of 3 drugs (aceglutamide aluminum, zinc acexamate, and magaldrate) in the long-term maintenance treatment (1 year) of peptic ulcer]. Rev.Esp.Enferm.Dig. 1991;80:91-94. View abstract.
  280. Koehler, K., Parr, M. K., Geyer, H., Mester, J., and Schanzer, W. Serum testosterone and urinary excretion of steroid hormone metabolites after administration of a high-dose zinc supplement. Eur.J Clin Nutr 2009;63:65-70. View abstract.
  281. Sharquie, K. E., Khorsheed, A. A., and Al-Nuaimy, A. A. Topical zinc sulphate solution for treatment of viral warts. Saudi.Med.J 2007;28:1418-1421. View abstract.
  282. Roy, S. K., Tomkins, A. M., Akramuzzaman, S. M., Chakraborty, B., Ara, G., Biswas, R., Islam, K. E., Khatun, W., and Jolly, S. P. Impact of zinc supplementation on subsequent morbidity and growth in Bangladeshi children with persistent diarrhoea. J Health Popul.Nutr. 2007;25:67-74. View abstract.
  283. Fischer Walker, C. L. and Black, R. E. Micronutrients and diarrheal disease. Clin Infect.Dis. 7-15-2007;45 Suppl 1:S73-S77. View abstract.
  284. Roy, S. K., Raqib, R., Khatun, W., Azim, T., Chowdhury, R., Fuchs, G. J., and Sack, D. A. Zinc supplementation in the management of shigellosis in malnourished children in Bangladesh. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008;62:849-855. View abstract.
  285. Tremellen, K., Miari, G., Froiland, D., and Thompson, J. A randomised control trial examining the effect of an antioxidant (Menevit) on pregnancy outcome during IVF-ICSI treatment. Aust.N.Z.J Obstet.Gynaecol. 2007;47:216-221. View abstract.
  286. Gregorio, G. V., Dans, L. F., Cordero, C. P., and Panelo, C. A. Zinc supplementation reduced cost and duration of acute diarrhea in children. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60:560-566. View abstract.
  287. Berger, M. M., Baines, M., Raffoul, W., Benathan, M., Chiolero, R. L., Reeves, C., Revelly, J. P., Cayeux, M. C., Senechaud, I., and Shenkin, A. Trace element supplementation after major burns modulates antioxidant status and clinical course by way of increased tissue trace element concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:1293-1300. View abstract.
  288. Khattar, J. A., Musharrafieh, U. M., Tamim, H., and Hamadeh, G. N. Topical zinc oxide vs. salicylic acid-lactic acid combination in the treatment of warts. Int J Dermatol. 2007;46:427-430. View abstract.
  289. Sazawal, S., Black, R. E., Ramsan, M., Chwaya, H. M., Dutta, A., Dhingra, U., Stoltzfus, R. J., Othman, M. K., and Kabole, F. M. Effect of zinc supplementation on mortality in children aged 1-48 months: a community-based randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 3-17-2007;369:927-934. View abstract.
  290. Walker, C. L., Bhutta, Z. A., Bhandari, N., Teka, T., Shahid, F., Taneja, S., and Black, R. E. Zinc during and in convalescence from diarrhea has no demonstrable effect on subsequent morbidity and anthropometric status among infants <6 mo of age. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:887-894. View abstract.
  291. Safai-Kutti, S., Selin, E., Larsson, S., Jagenburg, R., Denfors, I., Sten, G., and Kjellmer, I. Zinc therapy in children with cystic fibrosis. Beitr.Infusionsther. 1991;27:104-114. View abstract.
  292. Mei, W., Dong, Z. M., Liao, B. L., and Xu, H. B. Study of immune function of cancer patients influenced by supplemental zinc or selenium-zinc combination. Biol.Trace Elem.Res. 1991;28:11-19. View abstract.
  293. Ellis, A. A., Winch, P., Daou, Z., Gilroy, K. E., and Swedberg, E. Home management of childhood diarrhoea in southern Mali--implications for the introduction of zinc treatment. Soc Sci Med 2007;64:701-712. View abstract.
  294. Lu, H., Cai, L., Mu, L. N., Lu, Q. Y., Zhao, J., Cui, Y., Sul, J. H., Zhou, X. F., Ding, B. G., Elashoff, R. M., Marshall, J., Yu, S. Z., Jiang, Q. W., and Zhang, Z. F. Dietary mineral and trace element intake and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus in a Chinese population. Nutr Cancer 2006;55:63-70. View abstract.
  295. Fischer Walker, C. L., Bhutta, Z. A., Bhandari, N., Teka, T., Shahid, F., Taneja, S., and Black, R. E. Zinc supplementation for the treatment of diarrhea in infants in Pakistan, India and Ethiopia. J Pediatr.Gastroenterol.Nutr 2006;43:357-363. View abstract.
  296. Sachdev, H. P., Mittal, N. K., and Yadav, H. S. Oral zinc supplementation in persistent diarrhoea in infants. Ann.Trop.Paediatr. 1990;10:63-69. View abstract.
  297. Carcamo, C., Hooton, T., Weiss, N. S., Gilman, R., Wener, M. H., Chavez, V., Meneses, R., Echevarria, J., Vidal, M., and Holmes, K. K. Randomized controlled trial of zinc supplementation for persistent diarrhea in adults with HIV-1 infection. J Acquir.Immune.Defic.Syndr. 10-1-2006;43:197-201. View abstract.
  298. Kelemen, L. E., Cerhan, J. R., Lim, U., Davis, S., Cozen, W., Schenk, M., Colt, J., Hartge, P., and Ward, M. H. Vegetables, fruit, and antioxidant-related nutrients and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a National Cancer Institute-Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results population-based case-control study. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83:1401-1410. View abstract.
  299. Kristensen, M. B., Hels, O., Morberg, C. M., Marving, J., Bugel, S., and Tetens, I. Total zinc absorption in young women, but not fractional zinc absorption, differs between vegetarian and meat-based diets with equal phytic acid content. Br.J Nutr 2006;95:963-967. View abstract.
  300. Larson, C. P., Hoque, A. B., Larson, C. P., Khan, A. M., and Saha, U. R. Initiation of zinc treatment for acute childhood diarrhoea and risk for vomiting or regurgitation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Health Popul.Nutr. 2005;23:311-319. View abstract.
  301. Awasthi, S. Zinc supplementation in acute diarrhea is acceptable, does not interfere with oral rehydration, and reduces the use of other medications: a randomized trial in five countries. J Pediatr.Gastroenterol.Nutr 2006;42:300-305. View abstract.
  302. Green, J. A., Lewin, S. R., Wightman, F., Lee, M., Ravindran, T. S., and Paton, N. I. A randomised controlled trial of oral zinc on the immune response to tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients. Int J Tuberc.Lung Dis. 2005;9:1378-1384. View abstract.
  303. Eby, G. A. and Halcomb, W. W. Ineffectiveness of zinc gluconate nasal spray and zinc orotate lozenges in common-cold treatment: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Altern.Ther.Health Med 2006;12:34-38. View abstract.
  304. Villamor, E., Aboud, S., Koulinska, I. N., Kupka, R., Urassa, W., Chaplin, B., Msamanga, G., and Fawzi, W. W. Zinc supplementation to HIV-1-infected pregnant women: effects on maternal anthropometry, viral load, and early mother-to-child transmission. Eur.J Clin Nutr. 2006;60:862-869. View abstract.
  305. Boran, P., Tokuc, G., Vagas, E., Oktem, S., and Gokduman, M. K. Impact of zinc supplementation in children with acute diarrhoea in Turkey. Arch.Dis.Child 2006;91:296-299. View abstract.
  306. Sheng, X. Y., Hambidge, K. M., Krebs, N. F., Lei, S., Westcott, J. E., and Miller, L. V. Dysprosium as a nonabsorbable fecal marker in studies of zinc homeostasis. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:1017-1023. View abstract.
  307. Brooks, W. A., Santosham, M., Naheed, A., Goswami, D., Wahed, M. A., Diener-West, M., Faruque, A. S., and Black, R. E. Effect of weekly zinc supplements on incidence of pneumonia and diarrhoea in children younger than 2 years in an urban, low-income population in Bangladesh: randomised controlled trial. Lancet 9-17-2005;366:999-1004. View abstract.
  308. Brooks, W. A., Santosham, M., Roy, S. K., Faruque, A. S., Wahed, M. A., Nahar, K., Khan, A. I., Khan, A. F., Fuchs, G. J., and Black, R. E. Efficacy of zinc in young infants with acute watery diarrhea. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:605-610. View abstract.
  309. Moran, J., Newcombe, R. G., Wright, P., Haywood, J., Marlow, I., and Addy, M. A study into the plaque-inhibitory activity of experimental toothpaste formulations containing antimicrobial agents. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32:841-845. View abstract.
  310. Patel, A. B., Dhande, L. A., and Rawat, M. S. Therapeutic evaluation of zinc and copper supplementation in acute diarrhea in children: double blind randomized trial. Indian Pediatr 2005;42:433-442. View abstract.
  311. Cameron, J., Hoffman, D., Wilson, J., and Cherry, G. Comparison of two peri-wound skin protectants in venous leg ulcers: a randomised controlled trial. J Wound Care 2005;14:233-236. View abstract.
  312. Valery, P. C., Torzillo, P. J., Boyce, N. C., White, A. V., Stewart, P. A., Wheaton, G. R., Purdie, D. M., Wakerman, J., and Chang, A. B. Zinc and vitamin A supplementation in Australian Indigenous children with acute diarrhoea: a randomised controlled trial. Med J Aust. 5-16-2005;182:530-535. View abstract.
  313. Taneja, S., Bhandari, N., Bahl, R., and Bhan, M. K. Impact of zinc supplementation on mental and psychomotor scores of children aged 12 to 18 months: a randomized, double-blind trial. J Pediatr 2005;146:506-511. View abstract.
  314. Fine, D. H., Furgang, D., Sinatra, K., Charles, C., McGuire, A., and Kumar, L. D. In vivo antimicrobial effectiveness of an essential oil-containing mouth rinse 12 h after a single use and 14 days' use. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32:335-340. View abstract.
  315. Firooz, A., Khatami, A., Khamesipour, A., Nassiri-Kashani, M., Behnia, F., Nilforoushzadeh, M., Pazoki-Toroudi, H., and Dowlati, Y. Intralesional injection of 2% zinc sulfate solution in the treatment of acute old world cutaneous leishmaniasis: a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. J Drugs Dermatol 2005;4:73-79. View abstract.
  316. Weimar, V. M., Puhl, S. C., Smith, W. H., and tenBroeke, J. E. Zinc sulfate in acne vulgaris. Arch.Dermatol. 1978;114:1776-1778. View abstract.
  317. Jafek, B. W., Linschoten, M. R., and Murrow, B. W. Anosmia after intranasal zinc gluconate use. Am J Rhinol. 2004;18:137-141. View abstract.
  318. Iraji, F., Vali, A., Asilian, A., Shahtalebi, M. A., and Momeni, A. Z. Comparison of intralesionally injected zinc sulfate with meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of acute cutaneous leishmaniasis. Dermatology 2004;209:46-49. View abstract.
  319. Nowak, G., Siwek, M., Dudek, D., Zieba, A., and Pilc, A. Effect of zinc supplementation on antidepressant therapy in unipolar depression: a preliminary placebo-controlled study. Pol.J Pharmacol. 2003;55:1143-1147. View abstract.
  320. Moore, R. Bleeding gastric erosion after oral zinc sulphate. Br.Med J 3-25-1978;1:754. View abstract.
  321. Ertekin, M. V., Koc, M., Karslioglu, I., and Sezen, O. Zinc sulfate in the prevention of radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis: a prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized study. Int.J.Radiat.Oncol.Biol.Phys. 1-1-2004;58:167-174. View abstract.
  322. Bhatnagar, S., Bahl, R., Sharma, P. K., Kumar, G. T., Saxena, S. K., and Bhan, M. K. Zinc with oral rehydration therapy reduces stool output and duration of diarrhea in hospitalized children: a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr.Gastroenterol.Nutr 2004;38:34-40. View abstract.
  323. Sur, D., Gupta, D. N., Mondal, S. K., Ghosh, S., Manna, B., Rajendran, K., and Bhattacharya, S. K. Impact of zinc supplementation on diarrheal morbidity and growth pattern of low birth weight infants in kolkata, India: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, community-based study. Pediatrics 2003;112(6 Pt 1):1327-1332. View abstract.
  324. Polat, T. B., Uysalol, M., and Cetinkaya, F. Efficacy of zinc supplementation on the severity and duration of diarrhea in malnourished Turkish children. Pediatr Int 2003;45:555-559. View abstract.
  325. McElroy, B. H. and Miller, S. P. An open-label, single-center, phase IV clinical study of the effectiveness of zinc gluconate glycine lozenges (Cold-Eeze) in reducing the duration and symptoms of the common cold in school-aged subjects. Am.J.Ther. 2003;10:324-329. View abstract.
  326. Gupta, D. N., Mondal, S. K., Ghosh, S., Rajendran, K., Sur, D., and Manna, B. Impact of zinc supplementation on diarrhoeal morbidity in rural children of West Bengal, India. Acta Paediatr. 2003;92:531-536. View abstract.
  327. Orbak, R., Cicek, Y., Tezel, A., and Dogru, Y. Effects of zinc treatment in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Dent.Mater.J. 2003;22:21-29. View abstract.
  328. Al Sonboli, N., Gurgel, R. Q., Shenkin, A., Hart, C. A., and Cuevas, L. E. Zinc supplementation in Brazilian children with acute diarrhoea. Ann.Trop.Paediatr. 2003;23:3-8. View abstract.
  329. Osendarp, S. J., Santosham, M., Black, R. E., Wahed, M. A., van Raaij, J. M., and Fuchs, G. J. Effect of zinc supplementation between 1 and 6 mo of life on growth and morbidity of Bangladeshi infants in urban slums. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:1401-1408. View abstract.
  330. Bahl, R., Bhandari, N., Saksena, M., Strand, T., Kumar, G. T., Bhan, M. K., and Sommerfelt, H. Efficacy of zinc-fortified oral rehydration solution in 6- to 35-month-old children with acute diarrhea. J Pediatr. 2002;141:677-682. View abstract.
  331. Chevalier, C. A., Liepa, G., Murphy, M. D., Suneson, J., Vanbeber, A. D., Gorman, M. A., and Cochran, C. The effects of zinc supplementation on serum zinc and cholesterol concentrations in hemodialysis patients. J Ren Nutr 2002;12:183-189. View abstract.
  332. Bhandari, N., Bahl, R., Taneja, S., Strand, T., Molbak, K., Ulvik, R. J., Sommerfelt, H., and Bhan, M. K. Substantial reduction in severe diarrheal morbidity by daily zinc supplementation in young north Indian children. Pediatrics 2002;109:e86. View abstract.
  333. Strand, T. A., Chandyo, R. K., Bahl, R., Sharma, P. R., Adhikari, R. K., Bhandari, N., Ulvik, R. J., Molbak, K., Bhan, M. K., and Sommerfelt, H. Effectiveness and efficacy of zinc for the treatment of acute diarrhea in young children. Pediatrics 2002;109:898-903. View abstract.
  334. Fontaine, O. Effect of zinc supplementation on clinical course of acute diarrhoea. J Health Popul.Nutr. 2001;19:339-346. View abstract.
  335. Dreno, B., Moyse, D., Alirezai, M., Amblard, P., Auffret, N., Beylot, C., Bodokh, I., Chivot, M., Daniel, F., Humbert, P., Meynadier, J., and Poli, F. Multicenter randomized comparative double-blind controlled clinical trial of the safety and efficacy of zinc gluconate versus minocycline hydrochloride in the treatment of inflammatory acne vulgaris. Dermatology 2001;203:135-140. View abstract.
  336. Khatun, U. H., Malek, M. A., Black, R. E., Sarkar, N. R., Wahed, M. A., Fuchs, G., and Roy, S. K. A randomized controlled clinical trial of zinc, vitamin A or both in undernourished children with persistent diarrhea in Bangladesh. Acta Paediatr. 2001;90:376-380. View abstract.
  337. Shankar, A. H., Genton, B., Baisor, M., Paino, J., Tamja, S., Adiguma, T., Wu, L., Rare, L., Bannon, D., Tielsch, J. M., West, K. P., Jr., and Alpers, M. P. The influence of zinc supplementation on morbidity due to Plasmodium falciparum: a randomized trial in preschool children in Papua New Guinea. Am.J.Trop.Med.Hyg. 2000;62:663-669. View abstract.
  338. Sharquie, K. E., Najim, R. A., Farjou, I. B., and Al Timimi, D. J. Oral zinc sulphate in the treatment of acute cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin.Exp.Dermatol. 2001;26:21-26. View abstract.
  339. Gupta, R., Garg, V. K., Mathur, D. K., and Goyal, R. K. Oral zinc therapy in diabetic neuropathy. J Assoc.Physicians India 1998;46:939-942. View abstract.
  340. Dutta, P., Mitra, U., Datta, A., Niyogi, S. K., Dutta, S., Manna, B., Basak, M., Mahapatra, T. S., and Bhattacharya, S. K. Impact of zinc supplementation in malnourished children with acute watery diarrhoea. J Trop.Pediatr. 2000;46:259-263. View abstract.
  341. Castilla-Higuero, L., Romero-Gomez, M., Suarez, E., and Castro, M. Acute hepatitis after starting zinc therapy in a patient with presymptomatic Wilson's disease. Hepatology 2000;32(4 Pt 1):877. View abstract.
  342. Munoz, E. C., Rosado, J. L., Lopez, P., Furr, H. C., and Allen, L. H. Iron and zinc supplementation improves indicators of vitamin A status of Mexican preschoolers. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2000;71:789-794. View abstract.
  343. Arad, A., Mimouni, D., Ben Amitai, D., Zeharia, A., and Mimouni, M. Efficacy of topical application of eosin compared with zinc oxide paste and corticosteroid cream for diaper dermatitis. Dermatology 1999;199:319-322. View abstract.
  344. Al-Bader, A., Omu, A. E., and Dashti, H. Chronic cadmium toxicity to sperm of heavy cigarette smokers: immunomodulation by zinc. Arch Androl 1999;43:135-140. View abstract.
  345. Mocchegiani, E., Muzzioli, M., Gaetti, R., Veccia, S., Viticchi, C., and Scalise, G. Contribution of zinc to reduce CD4+ risk factor for 'severe' infection relapse in aging: parallelism with HIV. Int.J.Immunopharmacol. 1999;21:271-281. View abstract.
  346. Liang, J. Y., Liu, Y. Y., Zou, J., Franklin, R. B., Costello, L. C., and Feng, P. Inhibitory effect of zinc on human prostatic carcinoma cell growth. Prostate 8-1-1999;40:200-207. View abstract.
  347. Bhutta, Z. A., Nizami, S. Q., and Isani, Z. Zinc supplementation in malnourished children with persistent diarrhea in Pakistan. Pediatrics 1999;103:e42. View abstract.
  348. Humphreys, E. H., Smith, N. A., Azman, H., McLeod, D., and Rutherford, G. W. Prevention of diarrhoea in children with HIV infection or exposure to maternal HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;:CD008563. View abstract.
  349. Luabeya, K. K., Mpontshane, N., Mackay, M., Ward, H., Elson, I., Chhagan, M., Tomkins, A., Van den Broeck, J., and Bennish, M. L. Zinc or multiple micronutrient supplementation to reduce diarrhea and respiratory disease in South African children: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS.One. 2007;2:e541. View abstract.
  350. Bobat, R., Coovadia, H., Stephen, C., Naidoo, K. L., McKerrow, N., Black, R. E., and Moss, W. J. Safety and efficacy of zinc supplementation for children with HIV-1 infection in South Africa: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 11-26-2005;366:1862-1867. View abstract.
  351. Rahman, M. M., Vermund, S. H., Wahed, M. A., Fuchs, G. J., Baqui, A. H., and Alvarez, J. O. Simultaneous zinc and vitamin A supplementation in Bangladeshi children: randomised double blind controlled trial. BMJ 8-11-2001;323:314-318. View abstract.
  352. Rahman, M. J., Sarker, P., Roy, S. K., Ahmad, S. M., Chisti, J., Azim, T., Mathan, M., Sack, D., Andersson, J., and Raqib, R. Effects of zinc supplementation as adjunct therapy on the systemic immune responses in shigellosis. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:495-502. View abstract.
  353. Brewer, G. J., Johnson, V., Dick, R. D., Kluin, K. J., Fink, J. K., and Brunberg, J. A. Treatment of Wilson disease with ammonium tetrathiomolybdate. II. Initial therapy in 33 neurologically affected patients and follow-up with zinc therapy. Arch Neurol. 1996;53:1017-1025. View abstract.
  354. Rosado, J. L., Lopez, P., Munoz, E., Martinez, H., and Allen, L. H. Zinc supplementation reduced morbidity, but neither zinc nor iron supplementation affected growth or body composition of Mexican preschoolers. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 1997;65:13-19. View abstract.
  355. Lind, T., Lonnerdal, B., Stenlund, H., Gamayanti, I. L., Ismail, D., Seswandhana, R., and Persson, L. A. A community-based randomized controlled trial of iron and zinc supplementation in Indonesian infants: effects on growth and development. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2004;80:729-736. View abstract.
  356. Penny, M. E., Marin, R. M., Duran, A., Peerson, J. M., Lanata, C. F., Lonnerdal, B., Black, R. E., and Brown, K. H. Randomized controlled trial of the effect of daily supplementation with zinc or multiple micronutrients on the morbidity, growth, and micronutrient status of young Peruvian children. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:457-465. View abstract.
  357. Festa, M. D., Anderson, H. L., Dowdy, R. P., and Ellersieck, M. R. Effect of zinc intake on copper excretion and retention in men. Am J Clin Nutr 1985;41:285-292. View abstract.
  358. Heyman, H., Van De Looverbosch, D. E., Meijer, E. P., and Schols, J. M. Benefits of an oral nutritional supplement on pressure ulcer healing in long-term care residents. J Wound Care 2008;17:476-8, 480. View abstract.
  359. Desneves, K. J., Todorovic, B. E., Cassar, A., and Crowe, T. C. Treatment with supplementary arginine, vitamin C and zinc in patients with pressure ulcers: a randomised controlled trial. Clin.Nutr. 2005;24:979-987. View abstract.
  360. Intorre, F., Polito, A., Andriollo-Sanchez, M., Azzini, E., Raguzzini, A., Toti, E., Zaccaria, M., Catasta, G., Meunier, N., Ducros, V., O'Connor, J. M., Coudray, C., Roussel, A. M., and Maiani, G. Effect of zinc supplementation on vitamin status of middle-aged and older European adults: the ZENITH study. Eur.J Clin Nutr 2008;62:1215-1223. View abstract.
  361. Cossack, Z. T. and van den Hamer, C. J. Kinetics of copper absorption in zinc-overload states and following the withdrawal of zinc supplement: the role of endogenous zinc status. J Pediatr Gastroenterol.Nutr 1987;6:296-301. View abstract.
  362. Kimmel, P. Zinc and chronic renal disease. Seminar in Dialysis 1989;2:253-259.
  363. Palomo F, Wantland L, Sanchez A, Volpe AR, McCool J, DeVizio W. The effect of three commercially available dentifrices containing triclosan on supragingival plaque formation and gingivitis: a six month clinical study. Int Dent J. 1994 Feb;44(1 Suppl 1):75-81. View abstract.
  364. Misbahuddin M, Islam A Z, Khandker S, et al. Efficacy of spirulina extract plus zinc in patients of chronic arsenic poisoning: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2006;44:135-41. View abstract.
  365. Science M, Johnstone J, Roth DE, et al. Zinc for the treatment of the common cold: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CMAJ 2012;184:E551-61. View abstract.
  366. Nouri M, Chalian H, Bahman A, et al. Nail molybdenum and zinc contents in populations with low and moderate incidence of esophageal cancer. Arch Iranian Med 2008;11:392-6. View abstract.
  367. GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Advisory. GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) warns about a potential health risk associated with long-term, excessive use of GSK's zinc-containing denture adhesives Super Polygrip Original, Ultra Fresh and Extra Care. February 18, 2010. Available at: www.gsk.com/media/consumer-advisories/US.pdf.
  368. Health Canada / GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare. Association of long-term, excessive use of zinc-containing Poli-Grip products with myeloneuropathy and blood dyscrasias. February 18, 2010. Available at: http://hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/alt_formats/pdf/medeff/advisories-avis/prof/2010/poligrip_hpc-cps-eng.pdf.
  369. Alexander TH, Davidson TM. Intranasal zinc and anosmia: the zinc-induced anosmia syndrome. Laryngoscope 2006;116:217-20. View abstract.
  370. Dooren JC. FDA warns against use of Zicam. The Wall Street Journal, June 16, 2009. Available at: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124516778692319231.html#mod=djemHL?mg=com-wsj (Accessed 16 June 2009).
  371. Public Health Advisory. Loss of sense of smell with intranasal cold remedies containing zinc. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, June 16, 2009. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PublicHealthAdvisories/ucm166059.htm (Accessed 16 June 2009).
  372. Lawson KA, Wright ME, Subar A, et al. Multivitamin use and risk of prostate cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:754-64. View abstract.
  373. Aggarwal R, Sentz J, Miller MA. Role of zinc administration in prevention of childhood diarrhea and respiratory illnesses: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2007;119:1120-30. View abstract.
  374. Hyun TH, Barrett-Connor E, Milne DB. Zinc intakes and plasma concentrations in men with osteoporosis: the Rancho Bernardo Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:715-21. View abstract.
  375. van Leeuwen R, Boekhoorn S, Vingerling JR, et al. Dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of age-related macular degeneration. JAMA 2005;294:3101-7. View abstract.
  376. Meyer F, Galan P, Douville P, et al. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplementation and prostate cancer prevention in the SU.VI.MAX trial. Int J Cancer 2005;116:182-6. View abstract.
  377. Nechifor M, Vaideanu C, Palamaru I, et al. The influence of some antipsychotics on erythrocyte magnesium and plasma magnesium, calcium, copper and zinc in patients with paranoid schizophrenia. J Am Coll Nutr 2004;23:549S-51S. View abstract.
  378. Nielsen FH, Milne DB. A moderately high intake compared to a low intake of zinc depresses magnesium balance and alters indices of bone turnover in postmenopausal women. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004;58:703-10. View abstract.
  379. Akhondzadeh S, Mohammadi MR, Khademi M. Zinc sulfate as an adjunct to methylphenidate for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children :a double blind and randomized trial. BMC Psychiatry 2004;4:9. View abstract.
  380. Tisdall FF, Brown A, Defries RD. Persistent anosmia following zinc sulfate nasal spraying. JPed 1938;18:60-2.
  381. DeCook CA, Hirsch AR. Anosmia due to inhalational zinc: a case report (abstract). Chem Senses 2000;25:659.
  382. Mayer AD, Rosenblatt JS. Peripheral olfactory deafferentation of the primary olfactory system in rats using ZnSO4 nasal spray with special reference to maternal behavior. Physiol Behav 1993;53:587-92. View abstract.
  383. Ducray A, Bondier JR, Michel G, et al. Recovery following peripheral destruction of olfactory neurons in young and adult mice. Eur J Neurosci 2002;15:1907-17. View abstract.
  384. Burd GD. Morphological study of the effects of intranasal zinc sulfate irrigation on the mouse olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb. Microsc Res Tech 1993;24:195-213. View abstract.
  385. McBride K, Slotnick B, Margolis FL. Does intranasal application of zinc sulfate produce anosmia in the mouse? An olfactometric and anatomical study. Chem Senses 2003;28:659-70. View abstract.
  386. Oberleas D, Prasad AS. Factors affecting zinc homeostasis. In: Prasad AS (ed). Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease. Vol 1, zinc and copper. Academic Press, New York, 1976.
  387. Mills CF. Dietary interactions involving the trace elements. Ann Rev Nutr 1985;5:173-93. View abstract.
  388. Hunt JR. Moving toward a plant-based diet; are iron and zinc at risk? Nutr Rev 2002;60:127-34. View abstract.
  389. Sandstrom B, Almgren A, Kivisto B, Cederblad A. Effect of protein level and protein source on zinc absorption in humans. J Nutr 1989;119:48-53. View abstract.
  390. Lonnerdal B. Dietary factors influencing zinc absorption. J Nutr 2000;130:1378s-83s. View abstract.
  391. Gibson RS, Yeudall F, Drost N, et al. Dietary interventions to prevent zinc deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:484s-7s. View abstract.
  392. Guldager B, Jorgensen PJ, Grandjean P. Metal excretion and magnesium retention in patients with intermittent claudication treated with intravenous disodium EDTA. Clin Chem 1996;42:1938-42. View abstract.
  393. Allain P, Mauras Y, Premel-Cabic A, et al. Effects of an EDTA infusion on the urinary elimination of several elements in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991;31:347. View abstract.
  394. Palm R, Hallmans G. Zinc and copper metabolism in phenytoin therapy. Epilepsia 1982;23:453-61. View abstract.
  395. Higgins TL, Murray M, Kett DH, et al. Trace element homeostasis during continuous sedation with propofol containing EDTA versus other sedatives in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2000;26:s413-21. View abstract.
  396. Personal communication: Pantoprazole IV - safety and tolerability of EDTA. Medical Information Department, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals Inc., Philadelphia, PA. February 24, 2005.
  397. Pecoud A, Donzel P, Schelling JL. Effect of foodstuffs on the absorption of zinc sulfate. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1975;17:469-74. View abstract.
  398. Liu CS, Wu HM, Kao SH, Wei YH. Serum trace elements, glutathione, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, and lipid peroxidation in epileptic patients with phenytoin or carbamazepine monotherapy. Clin Neuropharmacol 1998;21:62. View abstract.
  399. Yuen WC, Whiteoak R, Thompson RP. Zinc concentrations in leucocytes of patients receiving antiepileptic drugs. J Clin Pathol 1998;41:553-5. View abstract.
  400. Kaji M, Ito M, Okuno T, et al. Serum copper and zinc levels in epileptic children with valproate treatment. Epilepsia 1992;33:555-7. View abstract.
  401. Ilhan A, Uz E, Kali S, et al. Serum and hair trace element levels in patients with epilepsy and healthy subjects: does the antiepileptic therapy affect the element concentrations of hair? Eur J Neurol 1999;6:705-9. View abstract.
  402. Akram M, Sullivan C, Mack G, Buchannan N. What is the clinical significance of reduced manganese and zinc levels in treated epileptic patients? Med J Australia 1989;15:113. View abstract.
  403. Verrotti A, Basciani F, Trotta D, et al. Serum copper, zinc, selenium, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels in epileptic children before and after 1 year of sodium valproate and carbamazepine therapy. Epilepsy Res 2002;48:71-5. View abstract.
  404. Hurd RW, Wilder BJ, Van Rinsvelt HA. Valproate, birth defects, and zinc (letter). Lancet 1983;1:181. View abstract.
  405. Lerman-Sagie T, Statter M, Szabo G, Lerman P. Effect of valproic acid therapy on zinc metabolism in children with primary epilepsy. Clin Neuropharmacol 1987;10:80-6. View abstract.
  406. Altunbasak S, Biatmakoui F, Baytok V, et al. Serum and hair zinc levels in epileptic children taking valproic acid. Biol Trace Element Res 1997;58;117-25. View abstract.
  407. Lewis-Jones MS, Evans S, Culshaw MA. Cutaneous manifestations of zinc deficiency during treatment with anticonvulsants. BMJ 1985;290:603-4. View abstract.
  408. Fatemi SH, Calabrese JR. Treatment of valproate-induced alopecia (letter). Ann Pharmacother 1995;29;1302. View abstract.
  409. Hurd RW, Van Rinsvelt HA, Wilder BJ, et al. Selenium, zinc, and copper changes with valproic acid: possible relation to drug side effects. Neurology 1984;34:1393-5. View abstract.
  410. Liukko P, Erkkola R, Pakarinen P, et al. Trace elements during 2 years' oral contraception with low-estrogen preparations. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1988;25:113-7. View abstract.
  411. Powell-Beard L, Lei KY, Shenker L. Effect of long-term oral contraceptive therapy before pregnancy on maternal and fetal zinc and copper status. Obstet Gynecol 1987;69:26-32. View abstract.
  412. Chilvers DC, Jones MM, Selby PL, et al. Effects of oral ethinyl oestradiol and norethisterone on plasma copper and zinc complexes in post-menopausal women. Hormone Metab Res 1985;17:532-5. View abstract.
  413. Hinks LJ, Clayton BE, Lloyd RS. Zinc and copper concentrations in leukocytes and erythrocytes in healthy adults and the effect of oral contraceptives. J Clin Pathol 1983;36:1016-21. View abstract.
  414. Vir SC, Love AH. Zinc and copper nutriture of women taking oral contraceptive agents. Am J Clin Nutr 1981;34:1479-83. View abstract.
  415. Webb JL. Nutritional effects of oral contraceptive use: A review. J Reprod Med 1080;25:150. View abstract.
  416. Prema K, Ramalakshmi Ba, Babu S. Serum copper and zinc in hormonal contraceptive users. Fertil Steril 1980;33;267-71. View abstract.
  417. Prasad AS, Oberleas D, Lei KY, et al. Effect of oral contraceptive agents on nutrients: I. Minerals. Am J Clin Nutr 1975;28:377-84. View abstract.
  418. Smith JC, Brown ED. Effects of oral contraceptive agents on trace element metabolism - a review. In: Prasad AS (ed). Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease. Vol.II, Essential and Toxic Elements. New York: Academic Press, 1976. 315-45.
  419. King JC. Do women using oral contraceptive agents require extra zinc? J Nutr 1987;117:217-9. View abstract.
  420. Solecki TJ, Aviv A, Bogden JG. Effect of a chelating drug on balance and tissue distribution of four essential metals. Toxicology 1984;31:207-16. View abstract.
  421. De Palma P, Franco F, Bragliani G, et al. The incidence of optic neuropathy in 84 patients treated with ethambutol. Metab Pediatr Syst Ophthalmol 1989;12:80-2. View abstract.
  422. King AB, Schwartz R. Effects of the antituberculous drug ethambutol on zinc absorption, turnover and distribution in rats fed diets marginal and adequate in zinc. J Nutr 1987;117:704-8. View abstract.
  423. Serfaty-Lacrosniere C, Wood RJ, Voytko D, et al. Hypochlorhydria from short-term omeprazole treatment does not inhibit intestinal absorption of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, or zinc from food in humans. J Am Coll Nutr 1995;14:364-8. View abstract.
  424. Ozutemiz AO, Aydin HH, Isler M, et al. Effect of omeprazole on plasma zinc levels after oral zinc administration. Ind J Gastroenterol 2002;21:216-8. View abstract.
  425. Sturniolo GC, Montino MC, Rossetto L, et al. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion reduces zinc absorption in man. J Am Coll Nutr 1991;10:372. View abstract.
  426. Sorensen JA, Andersen O. Effects of diethyldithiocarbamate and tetrathylthiuram disulfide on zinc metabolism in mice. Pharmacol Toxicol 1989;65:209-13. View abstract.
  427. Leary WP, Reyes AJ, Van der Byl K. Urinary magnesium and zinc excretion after two different single doses of amiloride in healthy adults. Curr Ther Res 1983;34:205-16.
  428. Hasinoff BB. Chemistry of dexrazoxane and analogues. Semin Oncol 1998;24:3-9. View abstract.
  429. Von Hoff DD. Phase I trials of dexrazoxane and other potential applications for the agent. Semin Oncol 1998;25:31-6. View abstract.
  430. Schiliro G, Russo A, Azzia N, et al. Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP). A useful marker of zinc status in beta-thalassemic patients. Am J Ped Hematol Oncol 1987;9:149-52. View abstract.
  431. Silliman CC, Peterson VM, Mellman DL, et al. Iron chelation by deferoxamine in sickle cell patients with severe transfusion-induced hemosiderosis: a randomized, double-blind study of the dose-response relationship. J Lab Clin Med 1993;122:48-54. View abstract.
  432. Canatan D, Temimhan N, Dincer N, et al. Continuous desferrioxamine infusion by an infusor in thalassemia major. Acta Paediatrica 1999;88:550-2. View abstract.
  433. Pinna A, Corda L, Carta F. Rapid recovery with oral zinc sulphate in deferoxamine-induced presumed optic neuropathy and hearing loss. J Neuroophthalmol 2001;21:32-3. View abstract.
  434. Golik A, Modai D, Weissgarten J, et al. Hydrochlorothiazide-amiloride causes excessive urinary zinc excretion. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1987;42:42-4. View abstract.
  435. Wester PO. Urinary zinc excretion during treatment with different diuretics. Acta Med Scand 1980;208:209-12. View abstract.
  436. Doz F, Berens ME, Deschepper CF, et al. Experimental basis for increasing the therapeutic index of cis-diamminedicarboxylatocyclobutaneplatinum(II) in brain tumor therapy by a high-zinc diet. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1992;29:219-26. View abstract.
  437. Kondo Y, Yamagata K, Satoh M, et al. Optimal administration schedule of cisplatin for bladder tumor with minimal induction of metallothionein. J Urol 2003;170:2467-70. View abstract.
  438. Zumkley H, Bertram HP, Preusser P, et al. Renal excretion and magnesium and trace elements during cisplatin treatment. Clin Nephrol 1982;17:254. View abstract.
  439. Sweeney JD, Ziegler P, Pruet C, Spaulding MB. Hyperzincuria and hypozincemia in patients treated with cisplatin. Clin Nephrol 1982;17:254-7. View abstract.
  440. O'Connor DT, Strause L, Saltman P, et al. Serum zinc is unaffected by effective captopril treatment of hypertension. J Clin Hypertens 1987;3:405-8. View abstract.
  441. Zumkley H, Bertram HP, Vetter H, et al. Zinc metabolism during captopril treatment. Horm Metab Res 1985;17;256-8. View abstract.
  442. Smit AJ, Hoorntje SJ, Donker AJ. Zinc deficiency during captopril treatment. Nephron 1983;34:196-7. View abstract.
  443. McNeil JJ, Anderson A, Christophidis N, et al. Taste loss associated with oral captopril treatment. BMJ 1979;448:1555-6. View abstract.
  444. Wise A. Phytate and zinc bioavailability. Int J Food Sci Nutr 1995;46:53-63. View abstract.
  445. Penttila O, Hurme H, Neuvonen PJ. Effect of zinc sulfate on the absorption of tetracycline and doxycycline in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1975;9:131-4. View abstract.
  446. Kingberg WG, Prasad AS, Oberleas D. Zinc deficiency following penicillamine therapy. In: Prasad AS (ed). Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease. Vol.I, Zinc and Copper. Academic Press, New York, 1976. pp51-65.
  447. Weismann K. Chelating drugs and zinc. Dan Med Bull 1986;33:208-11. View abstract.
  448. McCall JT, Goldstein NP, Randall RV, Gross JB. Comparative metabolism of copper and zinc in patients with Wilson's Disease (hepatollenticular degeneration). Am J Med Sci 1967;254:13-23. View abstract.
  449. Flynn A, Pories WJ, Strain WH, et al. Rapid serum zinc depletion associated with corticosteroid therapy. Lancet 1971;2:1169-72. View abstract.
  450. Ellul-Micallef R, Galdes A, Fenech FF. Serum zinc levels in corticosteroid-treated asthmatic patients. Postgrad Med J 1976;52:148-50. View abstract.
  451. Henkin RI, Foster DM, Aamodt RL, Berman M. Zinc metabolism in adrenal cortical insufficiency: effects of carbohydrate-active steroids. Metabolism 1984;33:491-501. View abstract.
  452. Scott R, Ferrie B, McLelland A, Fell GS. The effect of steroid therapy on serum trace metal levels in sub-fertile males. Urol Res 1984;12:213-5. View abstract.
  453. Weismann K, Hoyer H. Serum zinc levels during oral glucocorticoid therapy. J Invest Dermatol 1986;86:715-6. View abstract.
  454. Yunice AA, Czerwinski AW, Lindeman RD. Influence of synthetic corticosteroids on plasma zinc and copper levels in humans. Am J Med Sci 1981;282:68-74. View abstract.
  455. Mery C, Delrieu F, Ghozlan R, et al. Controlled trial of D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. Dose effect and the role of zinc. Scand J Rheumatol 1976;5:241-7. View abstract.
  456. Abu-Hamdan DK, Mahajan SK, Migdal S, et al. Zinc tolerance test in uremia: effect of calcitriol supplementation. J Am Coll Nutr 1988;7:235-40. View abstract.
  457. Antoniou LD, Shalhoub RJ, Elliot S. Zinc tolerance tests in chronic aremia. Clin Nephrol 1981;16:181-7. View abstract.
  458. Fleet JC, Turnbull AJ, Bourcier M, Wood RJ. Vitamin D-sensitive and quinacrine-sensitive zinc transport in human intestinal cell line Caco-2. Am J Physiol 1993;264:G1037-45. View abstract.
  459. Agte VV, Chiplonkar SA, Gokhale MK. Interaction of riboflavin with zinc bioavailability. Ann NY Acad Sci 1992;669:314-6. View abstract.
  460. Polk RE, Healy DP, Sahai J, et al. Effect of ferrous sulfate and multivitamins with zinc on absorption of ciprofloxacin in normal volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:1841-4. View abstract.
  461. Botash AS, Nasca J, Dubowy R, et al. Zinc-induced copper deficiency in an infant. Am J Dis Child 1992;146:709-11. View abstract.
  462. Wood RJ, Zheng JJ. High dietary calcium intakes reduce zinc absorption and balance in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65:1803-9. View abstract.
  463. Higashi A, Ikeda T, Matsukura M, Matsuda I. Serum zinc and vitamin E concentrations in handicapped children treated with anticonvulsants. Devel Pharmacol Ther 1982;5:109-13. View abstract.
  464. Bilici M, Yildirim F, Kandil S, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of zinc sulfate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004;28:181-90.. View abstract.
  465. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. Potential public health impact of age-related eye disease study results: AREDS report no. 11. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121:1621-4. View abstract.
  466. Barrett S. Zicam Marketers Sued. United States District Court Western District of Michigan Southern Division, Filed October 14, 2003, Case No. 4:03CV0146.
  467. Uebayashi H, Hatanaka T, Kanemura F, Tonosaki K. Acute anosmia in the mouse: behavioral discrimination among the four basic taste substances. Physiol Behav 2001;72:291-6.. View abstract.
  468. Jafek BW, Linschoten M, Murrow BW. Zicam Induced Anosmia. American Rhinologic Society 49th Annual Fall Scientific Meeting abstract. Orlando, Florida. September 20, 2003. http://app.american-rhinologic.org/programs/2003ARSFallProgram071503.pdf (Accessed 24 November 2003).
  469. OTC Ingredient List. FDA Office of Nonprescription Products. March 2006. Available at: www.fda.gov/cder/Offices/OTC/Ingredient_List_P-Z.pdf.
  470. Fawzi WW, Villamor E, Msamanga GI, et al. Trial of zinc supplements in relation to pregnancy outcomes, hematologic indicators, and T cell counts among HIV-1-infected women in Tanzania. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:161-7. View abstract.
  471. Berger MM, Shenkin A, Revelly JP, et al. Copper, selenium, zinc, and thiamine balances during continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration in critically ill patients. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:410-6. View abstract.
  472. Brooks WA, Yunus M, Santosham M, et al. Zinc for severe pneumonia in very young children: double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004;363:1683-8. View abstract.
  473. Singh BB, Udani J, Vinjamury Sp, et al. Safety and effectiveness of an L-lysine, zinc, and herbal-based product on the treatment of facial and circumoral herpes. Altern Med Rev 2005;10:123-7. View abstract.
  474. Turk S, Bozfakioglu S, Ecder ST, et al. Effects of zinc supplementation on the immune system and on antibody response to multivalent influenza vaccine in hemodialysis patients. Int J Artif Organs 1998;21:274-278.. View abstract.
  475. McElroy BH, Miller SP. Effectiveness of zinc gluconate glycine lozenges (Cold-Eeze) against the common cold in school-aged subjects: a retrospective chart review. Am J Ther 2002;9:472-5.. View abstract.
  476. Bonham M, O'Connor JM, Alexander HD, et al. Zinc supplementation has no effect on circulating levels of peripheral blood leucocytes and lymphocyte subsets in healthy adult men. Br J Nutr 2003;89:695-703.. View abstract.
  477. Turner RB, Cetnarowski WE. Effect of treatment with zinc gluconate or zinc acetate on experimental and natural colds. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31:1202-8.. View abstract.
  478. Turner RB. The treatment of rhinovirus infections: progress and potential. Antiviral Res 2001;49:1-14.. View abstract.
  479. Takkouche B, Regueira-Mendez C, Garcia-Closas R, et al. Intake of vitamin C and zinc and risk of common cold: a cohort study. Epidemiology 2002;13:38-44.. View abstract.
  480. Krone CA, Wyse EJ, Ely JT. Cadmium in zinc-containing mineral supplements. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2001;52:379-82.. View abstract.
  481. Lopez de Romana D, Lonnerdal B, Brown KH. Absorption of zinc from wheat products fortified with iron and either zinc sulfate or zinc oxide. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78:279-83.. View abstract.
  482. Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Wu K, et al. Zinc supplement use and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:1004-7.. View abstract.
  483. Baqui AH, Black RE, El Arifeen S, et al. Effect of zinc supplementation started during diarrhoea on morbidity and mortality in Bangladeshi children: community randomised trial. BMJ 2002;325:1059-62.. View abstract.
  484. Mossad SB. Effect of zincum gluconicum nasal gel on the duration and symptom severity of the common cold in otherwise healthy adults. QJM 2003;96:35-43. View abstract.
  485. Anon. Zinc Against Plasmodium Study Group. Effect of zinc on the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:805-12.. View abstract.
  486. Arnold LE, Votolato NA, Kleykamp D, et al. Does hair zinc predict amphetamine improvement of ADD/hyperactivity? Int J Neurosci 1990;50:103-7.. View abstract.
  487. Toren P, Eldar S, Sela BA, et al. Zinc deficiency in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1996;40:1308-10. View abstract.
  488. Bekaroglu M, Aslan Y, Gedik Y, et al. Relationships between serum free fatty acids and zinc, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a research note. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1996;37:225-7.. View abstract.
  489. Cantilena LR, Klaassen CD. The effect of chelating agents on the excretion of endogenous metals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1982;63:344-50. View abstract.
  490. Spencer H, Norris C, Williams D. Inhibitory effects of zinc on magnesium balance and magnesium absorption in man. J Am Coll Nutr 1994;13:479-84.. View abstract.
  491. Solomons NW, Jacob RA. Studies on the bioavailability of zinc in humans: effects of heme and nonheme iron on the absorption of zinc. Am J Clin Nutr 1981;34:475-82.. View abstract.
  492. Donangelo CM, Woodhouse LR, King SM, et al. Supplemental zinc lowers measures of iron status in young women with low iron reserves. J Nutr 2002;132:1860-4.. View abstract.
  493. O'Brien KO, Zavaleta N, Caulfield LE, et al. Influence of prenatal iron and zinc supplements on supplemental iron absorption, red blood cell iron incorporation, and iron status in pregnant Peruvian women. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:509-15.. View abstract.
  494. Rossander-Hulten L, Brune M, Sandstrom B, et al. Competitive inhibition of iron absorption by manganese and zinc in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;54:152-6.. View abstract.
  495. Crofton RW, Gvozdanovic D, Gvozdanovic S, et al. Inorganic zinc and the intestinal absorption of ferrous iron. Am J Clin Nutr 1989;50:141-4.. View abstract.
  496. Valberg LS, Flanagan PR, Chamberlain MJ. Effects of iron, tin, and copper on zinc absorption in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1984;40:536-41.. View abstract.
  497. Watkins DW, Khalafi R, Cassidy MM, Vahouny GV. Alterations in calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc metabolism by dietary cholestyramine. Dig Dis Sci 1985;30:477-82.. View abstract.
  498. Tyrer LB. Nutrition and the pill. J Reprod Med 1984;29:547-50.. View abstract.
  499. Keating JN, Wada L, Stokstad ELR, King JC. Folic acid: effect on zinc absorption in humans and in the rat. Am J Clin Nutr 1987;46:835-9. View abstract.
  500. Kauwell GPA, Baily LB, Gregory JF, et al. Zinc status is not adversely affected by folic acid supplementation and zinc intake does not impair folate utilization in human subjects. J Nutr 1995;125:66-72. View abstract.
  501. Fuller NJ, Bates CJ, Evans PH, Lucas A. High folate intakes related to zinc status in preterm infants. Eur J Pediatr 1992;151:51-3. View abstract.
  502. Butterworth CE, Hatch K, Cole P, et al. Zinc concentration in plasma and erythrocytes of subjects receiving folic acid supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;47:484-6. View abstract.
  503. Kakar F, Henderson MM. Potential toxic side effects of folic acid (letter). J Natl Cancer Inst 1985;74:263. View abstract.
  504. Milne DB, Canfield WK, Mahalko JR, Sandstead HH. Effect of oral folic acid supplements on zinc, copper, and iron absorption and excretion. Am J Clin Nutr 1984;39:535-9. View abstract.
  505. Wong WY, Merkus HM, Thomas CM, et al. Effects of folic acid and zinc sulfate on male factor subfertility: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Fertil Steril 2002;77:491-8.. View abstract.
  506. Girodon F, Lombard M, Galan P, et al. Effect of micronutrient supplementation on infection in institutionalized elderly subjects: a controlled trial. Ann Nutr Metab 1997;41:98-107. View abstract.
  507. Sazawal S, Black RE, Menon VP, et al. Zinc supplementation in infants born small for gestational age reduces mortality: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 2001;108:1280-6. View abstract.
  508. Davidsson L, Almgren A, Sandstrom B, Hurrell RF. Zinc absorption in adult humans: the effect of iron fortification. Br J Nutr 1995;74:417-25.. View abstract.
  509. O'Brien KO, Zavaleta N, Caulfield LE, et al. Prenatal iron supplements impair zinc absorption in pregnant Peruvian women. J Nutr 2000 130:2251-5.. View abstract.
  510. Muller O, Becher H, van Zweeden AB, et al. Effect of zinc supplementation on malaria and other causes of morbidity in west African children: randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. BMJ 2001;322:1567. View abstract.
  511. Bhandari N, Bahl R, Taneja S, et al. Effect of routine zinc supplementation on pneumonia in children aged 6 months to 3 years: randomised controlled trial in an urban slum. BMJ 2002;324:1358. View abstract.
  512. Rahman MM, Wahed MA, Fuchs GJ, et al. Synergistic effect of zinc and vitamin A on the biochemical indexes of vitamin A nutrition in children. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:92-8. View abstract.
  513. Bhutta ZA, Bird SM, Black RE, et al. Therapeutic effects of oral zinc in acute and persistent diarrhea in children in developing countries: pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:1516-22. View abstract.
  514. King JC. Enhanced zinc utilization during lactation may reduce maternal and infant zinc depletion. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:2-3. View abstract.
  515. Sian L, Krebs NF, Westcott JE, et al. Zinc homeostasis during lactation in a population with a low zinc intake. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:99-103. View abstract.
  516. Christian P, Khatry SK, Yamini S, et al. Zinc supplementation might potentiate the effect of vitamin A in restoring night vision in pregnant Nepalese women. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73:1045-51. View abstract.
  517. Belongia EA, Berg R, Liu K. A randomized trial of zinc nasal spray for the treatment of upper respiratory illness in adults. Am J Med 2001;111:103-8. View abstract.
  518. Turner RB. Ineffectiveness of intranasal zinc gluconate for prevention of experimental rhinovirus colds. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:1865-70. View abstract.
  519. Prasad AS. Zinc deficiency in patients with sickle cell disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:181-2. View abstract.
  520. Zemel BS, Kawchak DA, Fung EB, et al. Effect of zinc supplementation on growth and body composition in children with sickle cell disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:300-7. View abstract.
  521. Siberry GK, Ruff AJ, Black R. Zinc and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Nutr Res 2002;22:527-38.
  522. Bianchi GP, Marchesini G, Brizi M, et al. Nutritional effects of oral zinc supplementation in cirrhosis. Nutr Res 2000;20:1079-89.
  523. Godfrey HR, Godfrey NJ, Godfrey JC, Riley D. A randomized clinical trial on the treatment of oral herpes with topical zinc oxide/glycine. Altern Ther Health Med 2001;7:49-56. View abstract.
  524. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) Research Group. The effect of five-year zinc supplementation on serum zinc, serum cholesterol and hematocrit in persons randomly assigned to treatment group in the age-related eye disease study: AREDS Report No. 7. J Nutr 2002;132:697-702. View abstract.
  525. Grahn BH, Paterson PG, Gottschall-Pass KT, Zhang Z. Zinc and the eye. J Am Coll Nutr 2001;20:106-18. View abstract.
  526. Tang X, Shay NF. Zinc has an insulin-like effect on glucose transport mediated by phosphoinositol-3-kinase and Akt in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and adipocytes. J Nutr 2001;131:1414-20. View abstract.
  527. Freake HC, Govoni KE, Guda K, et al. Actions and interactions of thyroid hormone and zinc status in growing rats. J Nutr 2001;4:1135-41.. View abstract.
  528. Greenberg JE, Lynn M, Kirsner RS, et al. Mucocutaneous pigmented macule as a result of zinc deposition. J Cutan Pathol 2002;29:613-5. View abstract.
  529. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999. Available at: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309063507/html/index.html.
  530. Whittaker P. Iron and zinc interactions in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:442S-6S. View abstract.
  531. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E and beta carotene for age-related cataract and vision loss: AREDS report no. 9. Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119:1439-52. View abstract.
  532. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss. AREDS report no. 8. Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119:1417-36. View abstract.
  533. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002. Available at: www.nap.edu/books/0309072794/html/.
  534. Camacho FM, Garcia-Hernandez MJ. Zinc aspartate, biotin, and clobetasol propionate in the treatment of alopecia areata in childhood. Pediatr Dermatol 1999;16:336-8. View abstract.
  535. Ead RD. Oral zinc sulphate in alopacia areata- a double-blind trial. Br J Dermatol 1981;104:483-4. View abstract.
  536. Atik OS. Zinc and senile osteoporosis. J Am Geriatr Soc 1983;31:790-1. View abstract.
  537. Relea P, Revilla M, Ripoll E, et al. Zinc, biochemical markers of nutrition, and type I osteoporosis. Age Ageing 1995;24:303-7. View abstract.
  538. Dronfield MW, Malone JD, Langman MJ. Zinc in ulcerative colitis: a therapeutic trial and report on plasma levels. Gut 1977;18:33-6. View abstract.
  539. van de Wal Y, van der Sluys Veer A, Verspaget HW, et al. Effect of zinc therapy on natural killer cell activity in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1993;7:281-6. View abstract.
  540. Mulder TP, van der Sluys Veer A, Verspaget HW, et al. Effect of oral zinc supplementation on metallothionein and superoxide dismutase concentrations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1994;9:472-7. View abstract.
  541. David TJ, Wells FE, Sharpe TC, et al. Serum levels of trace metals in children with atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol 1990;122:485-9. View abstract.
  542. Ewing CI, Gibbs AC, Ashcroft C, David TJ. Failure of oral zinc supplementation in atopic eczema. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991;45:507-10. View abstract.
  543. Zaichick VY, Sviridova TV, Zaichick SV. Zinc concentration in human prostatic fluid: normal, chronic prostatitis, adenoma and cancer. Int Urol Nephrol 1996;28:687-94. View abstract.
  544. Zaichick VYe, Sviridova TV, Zaichick SV. Zinc in the human prostate gland: normal, hyperplastic and cancerous. Int Urol Nephrol 1997;29:565-74. View abstract.
  545. Lagiou P, Wuu J, Trichopoulou A, et al. Diet and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a study in Greece. Urology 1999;54:284-90. View abstract.
  546. Katz RL, Keen CL, Litt IF, et al. Zinc deficiency in anorexia nervosa. J Adolesc Health Care 1987;8:400-6. View abstract.
  547. Birmingham CL, Goldner EM, Bakan R. Controlled trial of zinc supplementation in anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 1994;15:251-5. View abstract.
  548. Sandstrom B, Kivisto B, Cederblad A. Absorption of zinc from soy protein meals in humans. J Nutr 1987;117:321-7. View abstract.
  549. Stromberg HE, Agren MS. Topical zinc oxide treatment improves arterial and venous leg ulcers. Br J Dermatol 1984;111:461-8. View abstract.
  550. Antoniou LD, Shalhoub RJ, Sudhakar T, Smith JC Jr. Reversal of uraemic impotence by zinc. Lancet 1977;2:895-8. View abstract.
  551. Desbiens NA. Lessons learned from attempts to establish the blind in placebo-controlled trials of zinc for the common cold. Ann Intern Med 2000;133:302-3. View abstract.
  552. Petrus EJ, Lawson KA, Bucci LR, Blum K. Randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical study of the effectiveness of zinc acetate lozenges on common cold symptoms in allergy-tested subjects. Curr Ther Res 1998;59:595-607.
  553. Prasad AS, Fitzgerald JT, Bao B, et al. Duration of symptoms and plasma cytokine levels in patients with the common cold treated with zinc acetate. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2000;133:245-52. View abstract.
  554. Douglas RM, Miles HB, Moore BW, et al. Failure of effervescent zinc acetate lozenges to alter the course of upper respiratory tract infections in Australian adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987;31:1263-5. View abstract.
  555. Benso L, Gambotto S, Pastorin L, et al. Growth velocity monitoring of the efficacy of different therapeutic protocols in a group of thalassaemic children. Eur J Pediatr 1995;154:205-8. View abstract.
  556. Uysal Z, Akar N, Kemahli S, et al. Desferrioxamine and urinary zinc excretion in beta-thalassemia major. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1993;10:257-60. View abstract.
  557. Aydinok Y, Coker C, Kavakli K, et al. Urinary zinc excretion and zinc status of patients with beta-thalassemia major. Biol Trace Elem Res 1999;70:165-72. View abstract.
  558. Prasad AS, Beck FW, Kaplan J, et al. Effect of zinc supplementation on incidence of infections and hospital admissions in sickle cell disease (SCD). Am J Hematol 1999;61:194-202. View abstract.
  559. Leonard MB, Zemel BS, Kawchak DA, et al. Plasma zinc status, growth, and maturation in children with sickle cell disease. J Pediatr 1998;132:467-71. View abstract.
  560. Gupta VL, Chaubey BS. Efficacy of zinc therapy in prevention of crisis in sickle cell anemia: a double blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. J Assoc Physicians India 1995;43:467-9. View abstract.
  561. Wray D. A double-blind trial of systemic zinc sulfate in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1982;53:469-72. View abstract.
  562. Frommer DJ. The healing of gastric ulcers by zinc sulphate. Med J Aust 1975;2:793-6. View abstract.
  563. Garcia-Plaza A, Arenas JI, Belda O, Diago A, et al. [A multicenter, clinical trial. Zinc acexamate vs famotidine in the treatment of acute duodenal ulcer. Study group of zinc acexamate]. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 1996;88:757-62. View abstract.
  564. Jimenez E, Bosch F, Galmes JL, Banos JE. Meta-analysis of efficacy of zinc acexamate in peptic ulcer. Digestion 1992;51:18-26. View abstract.
  565. Rodriguez de la Serna A, Diaz-Rubio M. Multicenter clinical trial of zinc acexamate in the prevention of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug induced gastroenteropathy. Spanish Study Group on NSAID Induced Gastroenteropathy Prevention. J Rheumatol 1994;21:927-33. View abstract.
  566. Sharquie KE, Najim RA, Farjou IB. A comparative controlled trial of intralesionally-administered zinc sulphate, hypertonic sodium chloride and pentavalent antimony compound against acute cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin Exp Dermatol 1997;22:169-73. View abstract.
  567. Grazioso CF, Isalgue M, de Ramirez I, et al. The effect of zinc supplementation on parasitic reinfestation of Guatemalan schoolchildren. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;57:673-8. View abstract.
  568. Stur M, Tittl M, Reitner A, Meisinger V. Oral zinc and the second eye in age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1996;37:1225-35. View abstract.
  569. Newsome DA, Swartz M, Leone NC, et al. Oral zinc in macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol 1988;106:192-8. View abstract.
  570. Smith W, Mitchell P, Webb K, Leeder SR. Dietary antioxidants and age-related maculopathy: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology 1999;106:761-77. View abstract.
  571. Mares-Perlman JA, Klein R, Klein BE, et al. Association of zinc and antioxidant nutrients with age-related maculopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 1996;114:991-7. View abstract.
  572. Omu AE, Dashti H, Al-Othman S. Treatment of asthenozoospermia with zinc sulphate: andrological, immunological and obstetric outcome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1998;79:179-84. View abstract.
  573. Mohan H, Verma J, Singh I, et al. Inter-relationship of zinc levels in serum and semen in oligospermic infertile patients and fertile males. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 1997;40:451-5. View abstract.
  574. Hunt CD, Johnson PE, Herbel J, Mullen LK. Effects of dietary zinc depletion on seminal volume and zinc loss, serum testosterone concentrations, and sperm morphology in young men. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;56:148-57. View abstract.
  575. Chia SE, Ong CN, Chua LH, et al. Comparison of zinc concentrations in blood and seminal plasma and the various sperm parameters between fertile and infertile men. J Androl 2000;21:53-7. View abstract.
  576. Henkel R, Bittner J, Weber R, et al. Relevance of zinc in human sperm flagella and its relation to motility. Fertil Steril 1999;71:1138-43. View abstract.
  577. Fuse H, Kazama T, Ohta S, Fujiuchi Y. Relationship between zinc concentrations in seminal plasma and various sperm parameters. Int Urol Nephrol 1999;31:401-8. View abstract.
  578. Khedun SM, Naicker T, Maharaj B. Zinc, hydrochlorothiazide and sexual dysfunction. Cent Afr J Med 1995;41:312-5. View abstract.
  579. Goldiner WH, Hamilton BP, Hyman PD, Russell RM. Effect of the administration of zinc sulfate on hypogonadism and impotence in patients with chronic stable hepatic cirrhosis. J Am Coll Nutr 1983;2:157-62. View abstract.
  580. Brook AC, Johnston DG, Ward MK, et al. Absence of a therapeutic effect of zinc in the sexual dysfunction of haemodialysed patients Lancet 1980;2:618-20. View abstract.
  581. Mocchegiani E, Veccia S, Ancarani F, et al. Benefit of oral zinc supplementation as an adjunct to zidovudine (AZT) therapy against opportunistic infections in AIDS. Int J Immunopharmacol 1995;17:719-27. View abstract.
  582. Kelly P, Musonda R, Kafwembe E, et al. Micronutrient supplementation in the AIDS diarrhea-wasting syndrome in Zambia: a randomized controlled trial. AIDS 1999;13:495-500. View abstract.
  583. Provinciali M, Montenovo A, Di Stefano G, et al. Effect of zinc or zinc plus arginine supplementation on antibody titre and lymphocyte subsets after influenza vaccination in elderly subjects: a randomized controlled trial. Age Ageing 1998;27:715-22. View abstract.
  584. Maes M, De Vos N, Demedts P, et al. Lower serum zinc in major depression in relation to changes in serum acute phase proteins. J Affect Disord 1999;56:189-94. View abstract.
  585. Licastro F, Chiricolo M, Mocchegiani E, et al. Oral zinc supplementation in Down's syndrome subjects decreased infections and normalized some humoral and cellular immune parameters. J Intellect Disabil Res 1994;38:149-62. View abstract.
  586. Girodon F, Galan P, Monget AL, et al. Impact of trace elements and vitamin supplementation on immunity and infections in institutionalized elderly patients: a randomized, controlled trial. MIN. VIT. AOX. geriatric network. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:748-54. View abstract.
  587. Prasad AS. Zinc and immunity. Mol Cell Biochem 1998;188:63-9. View abstract.
  588. Shankar AH, Prasad AS. Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:447S-63S. View abstract.
  589. Henkin RI, Martin BM, Agarwal RP. Efficacy of exogenous oral zinc in treatment of patients with carbonic anhydrase VI deficiency. Am J Med Sci 1999;318:392-405. View abstract.
  590. Abu-Hamdan DK, Desai H, Sondheimer J, et al. Taste acuity and zinc metabolism in captopril-treated hypertensive male patients. Am J Hypertens 1988;1:303S-8S. View abstract.
  591. Heyneman CA. Zinc deficiency and taste disorders. Ann Pharmacother 1996;30:186-7. View abstract.
  592. Arens M, Travis S. Zinc salts inactivate clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus in vitro. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38:1758-62. View abstract.
  593. Eby GA, Halcomb WW. Use of topical zinc to prevent recurrent herpes simplex infection: review of literature and suggested protocols. Med Hypotheses 1985;17:157-65. View abstract.
  594. Brody I. Topical treatment of recurrent herpes simplex and post-herpetic erythema multiforme with low concentrations of zinc sulphate solution. Br J Dermatol 1981;104:191-4. View abstract.
  595. George J, Bhatia VN, Balakrishnan S, Ramu G. Serum zinc/copper ratio in subtypes of leprosy and effect of oral zinc therapy on reactional states. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1991;59:20-4. View abstract.
  596. Mathur NK, Bumb RA, Mangal HN, Sharma ML. Oral zinc as an adjunct to dapsone in lepromatous leprosy. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1984;52:331-8. View abstract.
  597. Mathur NK, Bumb RA, Mangal HN. Oral zinc in recurrent Erythema Nodosum Leprosum reaction. Lepr India 1983;55:547-52. View abstract.
  598. Mahajan PM, Jadhav VH, Patki AH, et al. Oral zinc therapy in recurrent erythema nodosum leprosum: a clinical study. Indian J Lepr 1994;66:51-7. View abstract.
  599. Faure P, Benhamou PY, Perard A, et al. Lipid peroxidation in insulin-dependent diabetic patients with early retina degenerative lesions: effects of an oral zinc supplementation. Eur J Clin Nutr 1995;49:282-8. View abstract.
  600. Blostein-Fujii A, DiSilvestro RA, Frid D, et al. Short-term zinc supplementation in women with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: effects on plasma 5'-nucleotidase activities, insulin-like growth factor I concentrations, and lipoprotein oxidation rates in vitro. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:639-42. View abstract.
  601. Rauscher AM, Fairweather-Tait SJ, Wilson PD, et al. Zinc metabolism in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. J Trace Elem Med Biol 1997;11:65-70. View abstract.
  602. Polenik P. Zinc in etiology of periodontal disease. Med Hypotheses 1993;40:182-5. View abstract.
  603. Williams C, McBride S, Mostler K, et al. Efficacy of a dentifrice containing zinc citrate for the control of plaque and gingivitis: a 6-month clinical study in adults. Compend Contin Educ Dent 1998;19:4-15. View abstract.
  604. Svatun B, Saxton CA, Huntington E, Cummins D. The effects of a silica dentifrice containing Triclosan and zinc citrate on supragingival plaque and calculus formation and the control of gingivitis. Int Dent J 1993;43:431-9. View abstract.
  605. Svatun B, Saxton CA, Rolla G. Six-month study of the effect of a dentifrice containing zinc citrate and triclosan on plaque, gingival health, and calculus. Scand J Dent Res 1990;98:301-4. View abstract.
  606. Stephen KW, Saxton CA, Jones CL, et al. Control of gingivitis and calculus by a dentifrice containing a zinc salt and triclosan. J Periodontol 1990;61:674-9. View abstract.
  607. Schaeken MJ, van der Hoeven JS, Saxton CA, Cummins D. The effect of mouthrinses containing zinc and triclosan on plaque accumulation, development of gingivitis and formation of calculus in a 28-week clinical test. J Clin Periodontol 1996;23:465-70. View abstract.
  608. Guide to Clinical Preventive Services. 2nd ed. Natl Institute of Health, 1996. Available at: http://hstat2.nlm.nih.gov/download/409812772438.html.
  609. Jackson JL, Lesho E, Peterson C. Zinc and the common cold: a meta-analysis revisited. J Nutr 2000;130:1512S-5S. View abstract.
  610. Berger MM, Spertini F, Shenkin A, et al. Trace element supplementation modulates pulmonary infection rates after major burns: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:365-71. View abstract.
  611. Simkin PA. Oral zinc sulphate in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1976;2:539-42. View abstract.
  612. Zoli A, Altomonte L, Caricchio R, et al. Serum zinc and copper in active rheumatoid arthritis: correlation with interleukin 1 beta and tumour necrosis factor alpha. Clin Rheumatol 1998;17:378-82. View abstract.
  613. Rasker JJ, Kardaun SH. Lack of beneficial effect of zinc sulphate in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 1982;11:168-70. View abstract.
  614. Clemmensen OJ, Siggaard-Andersen J, Worm AM, et al. Psoriatic arthritis treated with oral zinc sulphate. Br J Dermatol 1980;103:411-5. View abstract.
  615. Leibovici V, Statter M, Weinrauch L, et al. Effect of zinc therapy on neutrophil chemotaxis in psoriasis. Isr J Med Sci 1990;26:306-9. View abstract.
  616. Burrows NP, Turnbull AJ, Punchard NA, et al. A trial of oral zinc supplementation in psoriasis. Cutis 1994;54:117-8. View abstract.
  617. Lovell MA, Xie C, Markesbery WR. Protection against amyloid beta peptide toxicity by zinc. Brain Res 1999;823:88-95. View abstract.
  618. Lovell MA, Robertson JD, Teesdale WJ, et al. Copper, iron and zinc in Alzheimer's disease senile plaques. J Neurol Sci 1998;158:47-52. View abstract.
  619. Huang X, Cuajungco MP, Atwood CS, et al. Alzheimer's disease, beta-amyloid protein and zinc. J Nutr 2000;130:1488S-92S. View abstract.
  620. Michaelsson G, Ljunghall K. Patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, acne, psoriasis and Darier's disease have low epidermal zinc concentrations. Acta Derm Venereol 1990;70:304-8. View abstract.
  621. Michaelsson G, Juhlin L, Ljunghall K. A double-blind study of the effect of zinc and oxytetracycline in acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol 1977;97:561-6. View abstract.
  622. Cunliffe WJ, Burke B, Dodman B, Gould DJ. A double-blind trial of a zinc sulphate/citrate complex and tetracycline in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol 1979;101:321-5. View abstract.
  623. Dreno B, Amblard P, Agache P, et al. Low doses of zinc gluconate for inflammatory acne. Acta Derm Venereol 1989;69:541-3. View abstract.
  624. Michaelsson G, Juhlin L, Vahlquist A. Effects of oral zinc and vitamin A in acne. Arch Dermatol 1977;113:31-6. View abstract.
  625. Hirt M, Nobel S, Barron E. Zinc nasal gel for the treatment of common cold symptoms: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ear Nose Throat J 2000;79:778-82.. View abstract.
  626. Meynadier J. Efficacy and safety study of two zinc gluconate regimens in the treatment of inflammatory acne. Eur J Dermatol 2000 May;10:269-73. View abstract.
  627. Hillstrom L, Pettersson L, Hellbe L, et al. Comparison of oral treatment with zinc sulphate and placebo in acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol 1977;97:681-4. View abstract.
  628. Goransson K, Liden S, Odsell L. Oral zinc in acne vulgaris: a clinical and methodological study. Acta Derm Venereol 1978;58:443-8. View abstract.
  629. Khanna VJ, Shieh S, Benjamin J, et al. Necrolytic acral erythema associated with hepatitis C effective treatment with interferon alfa and zinc. Arch Dermatol 2000;136:755-7. View abstract.
  630. Umeta M, West CE, Haidar J, et al. Zinc supplementation and stunted infants in Ethiopia: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2000;355:2021-6. View abstract.
  631. Traikovich SS. Use of topical ascorbic acid and its effects on photodamaged skin topography. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;125:1091-8. View abstract.
  632. Green S. Chelation therapy: unproven claims and unsound theories. Quackwatch 2000. Available at: http://www.quackwatch.org (Accessed 17 November 2000).
  633. Neuvonen PJ. Interactions with the absorption of tetracyclines. Drugs 1976;11:45-54.. View abstract.
  634. Seelig MS. Auto-immune complications of D-penicillamine - A possible result of zinc and magnesium depletion and of pyridoxine inactivation. J Am Coll Nutr 1982;1:207-14. View abstract.
  635. Segal S, Kaminski S. Drug-nutrient interactions. American Druggist 1996 Jul;42-8.
  636. Campbell IA, Elmes PC. Ethambutol and the eye: zinc and copper (letter). Lancet 1975;2:711. View abstract.
  637. Mountokalakis T, Dourakis S, Karatzas N, et al. Zinc deficiency in mild hypertensive patients treated with diuretics. J Hypertens Suppl 1984;2:S571-2. View abstract.
  638. Peirce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York, NY: William Morrow and Co., 1999.
  639. Bhutta ZA, Black RE, Brown KH, et al. Prevention of diarrhea and pneumonia by zinc supplementation in children in developing countries: pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Pediatr 1999;135:689-97. View abstract.
  640. Penny ME, Peerson JM, Marin RM, et al. Randomized, community-based trial of the effect of zinc supplementation, with and without other micronutrients, on the duration of persistent childhood diarrhea in Lima, Peru. J Pediatr 1999;135:208-17. View abstract.
  641. Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
  642. Henderson LM, Brewer GJ, Dressman JB, et al. Effect of intragastric pH on the absorption of oral zinc acetate and zinc oxide in young healthy volunteers. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1995;19:393-7. View abstract.
  643. Duisterwinkel FJ, Wolthers BG, Koopman BJ, et al. Bioavailability of orally administered zinc, using Taurizine. Pharm Weekbl Sci 1986;8:85-8. View abstract.
  644. Beutler KT, Pankewycz O, Brautigan DL. Equivalent uptake of organic and inorganic zinc by monkey kidney fibroblasts, human intestinal epithelial cells, or perfused mouse intestine. Biol Trace Elem Res 1998;61:19-31. View abstract.
  645. Agren MS. Studies on zinc in wound healing. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 1990;154:1-36. View abstract.
  646. Young B, Ott L, Kasarskis E, et al. Zinc supplementation is associated with improved neurologic recovery rate and visceral protein levels of patients with severe closed head injury. J Neurotrauma 1996;13:25-34. View abstract.
  647. Rittenhouse T. The management of lower-extremity ulcers with zinc-saline wet dressings versus normal saline wet dressings. Adv Ther 1996;13:88-94. View abstract.
  648. Brewer GJ, Dick RD, Johnson VD, et al. Treatment of Wilson's disease with zinc: XV long-term follow-up studies. J Lab Clin Med 1998;132:264-78. View abstract.
  649. Sturniolo GC, Mestriner C, Irato P, et al. Zinc therapy increases duodenal concentrations of metallothionein and iron in Wilson's disease patients. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:334-8. View abstract.
  650. Borroni G, Brazzelli V, Vignati G, et al. Bullous lesions in acrodermatitis enteropathica. Histopathologic findings regarding two patients. Am J Dermatopathol 1992;14:304-9. View abstract.
  651. Koletzko B, Bretschneider A, Bremer HJ. Fatty acid composition of plasma lipids in acrodermatitis enteropathica before and after zinc supplementation. Eur J Pediatr 1985;143:310-4. View abstract.
  652. Walldius G, Michaelsson G, Hardell LI, Aberg H. The effects of diet and zinc treatment on the fatty acid composition of serum lipids and adipose tissue and on serum lipoproteins in two adolescent patients with acrodermatitis enteropathica. Am J Clin Nutr 1983;38:512-22. View abstract.
  653. Habbema L, Koopmans B, Menke HE, et al. A 4% erythromycin and zinc combination (Zineryt) versus 2% erythromycin (Eryderm) in acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind comparative study. Br J Dermatol 1989;121:497-502. View abstract.
  654. Schachner L, Eaglstein W, Kittles C, Mertz P. Topical erythromycin and zinc therapy for acne. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;22:253-60. View abstract.
  655. Dreno B, Trossaert M, Boiteau HL, Litoux P. Zinc salts effects on granulocyte zinc concentration and chemotaxis in acne patients. Acta Derm Venereol 1992;72:250-2. View abstract.
  656. Lomaestro BM, Bailie GR. Absorption interactions with fluoroquinolones. 1995 update. Drug Saf 1995;12:314-33. View abstract.
  657. Fosmire GJ. Zinc toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:225-7. View abstract.
  658. Brewer GJ, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Johnson V, et al. Treatment of Wilson's disease with zinc: XI. Interaction with other anticopper agents. J Am Coll Nutr 1993;12:26-30. View abstract.
  659. Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
  660. Chan S, Gerson B, Subramaniam S. The role of copper, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc in nutrition and health. Clin Lab Med 1998;18:673-85. View abstract.
  661. Hebel SK, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons. 52nd ed. St. Louis: Facts and Comparisons, 1998.
  662. Freeland-Graves JH, Lin PH. Plasma uptake of manganese as affected by oral loads of manganese, calcium, milk, phosphorus, copper, and zinc. J Am Coll Nutr 1991;10:38-43. View abstract.
  663. Strause L, Saltman P, Smith KT, et al. Spinal bone loss in postmenopausal women supplemented with calcium and trace minerals. J Nutr 1994;124:1060-4. View abstract.
  664. Hahn CJ, Evans GW. Absorption of trace metals in the zinc-deficient rat. Am J Physiol 1975;228:1020-3. View abstract.
  665. Zhou JR, Erdman JW Jr. Phytic acid in health and disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1995;35:495-508. View abstract.
  666. Kugelmas M. Preliminary observation: oral zinc sulfate replacement is effective in treating muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:13-5. View abstract.
  667. McKenna AA, Ilich JZ, Andon MB, et al. Zinc balance in adolescent females. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65:1460-4. View abstract.
  668. Cohanim M, Yendt ER. The effects of thiazides on serum and urinary zinc in patients with renal calculi. Johns Hopkins Med J 1975;136:137-44. View abstract.
  669. Reyes AJ, Olhaberry JV, Leary WP, et al. Urinary zinc excretion, diuretics, zinc deficiency and some side-effects of diuretics. S Afr Med J 1983;64:936-41. View abstract.
  670. Blondeau JM. Expanded activity and utility of the new fluoroquinolones: a review. Clin Ther 1999;21:3-40. View abstract.
  671. Sazawal S, Black RE, Bhan MK, et al. Zinc supplementation in young children with acute diarrhea in India. N Engl J Med 1995;333:839-44. View abstract.
  672. Roy SK, Tomkins AM, Akramuzzaman SM, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of zinc supplementation in malnourished Bangladeshi children with acute diarrhea. Arch Dis Child 1997;77:196-200. View abstract.
  673. Faruque AS, Mahalanabis D, Haque SS, et al. Double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of zinc or vitamin A supplementation in young children with acute diarrhea. Acta Paediatr 1999;88:154-60. View abstract.
  674. Fortes C, Forastiere F, Agabiti N, et al. The effect of zinc and vitamin A supplementation on immune response in an older population. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998;46:19-26. View abstract.
  675. Mostafa WZ, al-Zayer AA. Acrodermatitis enteropathica in Saudi Arabia. Int J Dermatol 1990;29:134-8. View abstract.
  676. Feucht CL, Allen BS, Chalker DK, et al. Topical erythromycin with zinc in acne. A double-blind controlled study. J Am Acad Dermatol 1980;3:483-91. View abstract.
  677. Pierard-Franchimont C, Goffin V, Visser JN, et al. A double-blind controlled evaluation of the sebosuppressive activity of topical erythromycin-zinc complex. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1995;49:57-60. View abstract.
  678. Sandstead HH. Requirements and toxicity of essential trace elements, illustrated by zinc and copper. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61:621S-4S. View abstract.
  679. Broun ER, Greist A, Tricot G, Hoffman R. Excessive zinc ingestion. A reversible cause of sideroblastic anemia and bone marrow depression. JAMA 1990;264:1441-3. View abstract.
  680. Burnham TH, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons, Updated Monthly. Facts and Comparisons, St. Louis, MO.
  681. Whitney E, Cataldo CB, Rolfes SR, eds. Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1998.
  682. Macknin ML, Piedmonte M, Calendine C, et al. Zinc gluconate lozenges for treating the common cold in children: a randomized, controlled trial. JAMA 1998;279:1962-7. View abstract.
  683. Eby GA. Zinc ion availability--the determinant of efficacy in zinc lozenge treatment of common colds. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997;40:483-93. View abstract.
  684. Weismann K, Jakobsen JP, Weismann JE, et al. Zinc gluconate lozenges for common cold. A double-blind clinical trial. Dan Med Bull 1990;37:279-81. View abstract.
  685. Smith DS, Helzner EC, Nuttall CE Jr, et al. Failure of zinc gluconate in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:646-8. View abstract.
  686. Farr BM, Conner EM, Betts RF, et al. Two randomized controlled trials of zinc gluconate lozenge therapy of experimentally induced rhinovirus colds. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987;31:1183-7. View abstract.
  687. Eby GA, Davis DR, Halcomb WW. Reduction in duration of common colds by zinc gluconate lozenges in a double-blind study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984;25:20-4. View abstract.
  688. Al-Nakib W, Higgins PG, Barrow I, et al. Prophylaxis and treatment of rhinovirus colds with zinc gluconate lozenges. J Antimicrob Chemother 1987;20:893-901. View abstract.
  689. Godfrey JC, Conant Sloane B, Smith DS, et al. Zinc gluconate and the common cold: a controlled clinical study. J Int Med Res 1992;20:234-6. View abstract.
  690. Mossad SB, Macknin ML, Medendorp SV, Mason P. Zinc gluconate lozenges for treating the common cold. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Ann Intern Med 1996;125:81-8. View abstract.
  691. Barceloux DG. Zinc. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1999;37:279-92. View abstract.
  692. Zarembo JE, Godfrey JC, Godfrey NJ. Zinc(II) in saliva: determination of concentrations produced by different formulations of zinc gluconate lozenges containing common excipients. J Pharm Sci 1992;81:128-30.. View abstract.
  693. Golik A, Modai D, Averbukh Z, et al. Zinc metabolism in patients treated with captopril versus enalapril. Metabolism 1990;39:665-7. View abstract.
  694. Golik A, Zaidenstein R, Dishi V, et al. Effects of captopril and enalapril on zinc metabolism in hypertensive patients. J Am Coll Nutr 1998;17:75-8. View abstract.
  695. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  696. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
Last reviewed - 07/09/2024