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Pimiento

¿Qué es?

El pimiento, también conocido como pimiento rojo o ají, es una hierba. Su fruto se aplica comúnmente a la piel para el dolor de artritis y otras afecciones.

El fruto de la planta de pimiento contiene una sustancia química llamada capsaicina. La capsaicina es lo que parece ayudar a reducir el dolor y la hinchazón. Una forma particular de pimiento provoca un intenso dolor ocular y otros efectos desagradables cuando entra en contacto con la cara. Esta forma se utiliza en aerosoles de pimienta de autodefensa.

El pimiento se usa comúnmente para el dolor de los nervios y otras afecciones dolorosas. También se usa para muchos otros propósitos, incluidos problemas de digestión, afecciones del corazón y los vasos sanguíneos, y muchos otros, pero no existe una buena evidencia científica para muchos de estos usos.

¿Qué tan efectivo es?

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database (La Base Exhaustiva de Datos de Medicamentos Naturales) clasifica la eficacia, basada en evidencia científica, de acuerdo a la siguiente escala: Eficaz, Probablemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Ineficaz, Probablemente Ineficaz, Ineficaz, e Insuficiente Evidencia para Hacer una Determinación.

La clasificación de la eficacia para este producto es la siguiente:

Probablemente eficaz para...

  • Dolor de nervios en personas con diabetes (neuropatía diabética). Una crema específica que contiene 0.075% de capsaicina (Zostrix-HP, Link Medical Products Pty Ltd.) 4 veces al día está aprobada para tratar esta condición. También se ha estudiado otro parche que contiene un 8% de capsaicina (Qutenza, NeurogesX, Inc.), que solo está disponible con receta médica también está aprobado para tartar esta condición. Pero este parche no está aprobado para tratar este tipo de dolor nervioso. Las cremas o geles que contienen cantidades más pequeñas de capsaicina (menos del 0.075%) no parecen funcionar.
  • Dolor crónico. La aplicación de cremas y lociones que contienen capsaicina, la sustancia química activa del pimiento, puede aliviar temporalmente el dolor crónico de varias afecciones. Está aprobado por la FDA para este uso.
  • Daño a los nervios causado por la culebrilla (neuralgia posherpética). La aplicación de un parche que contiene un 8% de capsaicina (Qutenza, NeurogesX Inc.), la sustancia química activa del pimiento, reduce el dolor durante 24 horas en personas con esta afección. Este parche de capsaicina solo está disponible con receta médica.

Posiblemente eficaz para...

  • Dolor de espalda. La aplicación de pimiento o capsaicina en la piel parece ayudar a reducir el dolor de espalda.
  • Dolor de cabeza en racimo. La aplicación de capsaicina, el químico activo del pimiento, dentro de la nariz puede reducir la cantidad y la gravedad de los dolores de cabeza en racimo. No está claro si ayuda a tratar los dolores de cabeza en racimo.
  • Goteo nasal no causado por alergias o infecciones (rinitis no alérgica). La aplicación de capsaicina, el químico activo del pimiento, dentro de la nariz puede reducir la secreción nasal en personas que no tienen alergias ni infecciones. Los beneficios pueden durar de 6 a 9 meses.
  • Osteoartritis. La aplicación de 0,025% de capsaicina, el químico activo del pimiento, en la piel puede mejorar los síntomas de la osteoartritis.
  • Dolor agudo. La aplicación de capsaicina, el químico activo del pimiento, en la piel puede reducir el dolor causado por trauma.
  • Náuseas y vómitos después de la cirugía. La aplicación de una tirita que contiene pimiento en puntos específicos de la mano y el antebrazo reduce las náuseas y los vómitos después de la cirugía.
  • Dolor después de la cirugía. La aplicación de una tirita que contiene pimiento en puntos específicos de la mano y el antebrazo reduce la necesidad de analgésicos en las primeras 24 horas posteriores a la cirugía.
Existe interés en usar el pimiento para otros propósitos, pero no hay suficiente información confiable para decir si podría ser útil.

¿Es seguro?

Cuando se toma por vía oral: Es probable que el pimiento sea seguro cuando se consume en cantidades que normalmente se encuentran en los alimentos. La capsaicina, la sustancia química activa del pimiento, es posiblemente segura cuando se usa a corto plazo. Los efectos secundarios pueden incluir irritación del estómago, sudoración y secreción nasal. Es posible que no sea seguro tomar el pimiento en grandes dosis o durante períodos prolongados.

Cuando se aplica sobre la piel: Las lociones y cremas que contienen extracto de pimiento son probablemente seguras para la mayoría de los adultos. La capsaicina está aprobada por la FDA como medicamento de venta libre. Los efectos secundarios pueden incluir irritación de la piel y picazón. El pimiento también puede ser muy irritante para los ojos, la nariz y la garganta. No use pimiento en pieles sensibles o cerca de los ojos.

Cuando se usa en la nariz: El pimiento es posiblemente seguro. Sin embargo, la aplicación en la nariz puede ser dolorosa y causar ardor, estornudos, ojos llorosos y secreción nasal.

Advertencias y precauciones especiales:

Embarazo: Es probable que el pimiento sea seguro cuando se aplica sobre la piel durante el embarazo. El pimiento es posiblemente seguro cuando se toma por vía oral como medicamento durante la segunda mitad del segundo trimestre y durante el tercer trimestre.

Lactancia: Si está amamantando, es probable que sea seguro aplicar pimiento en la piel. Pero posiblemente no sea seguro para su bebé si toma pimiento por vía oral. Se han informado problemas de piel (dermatitis) en bebés amamantados cuando las madres comen alimentos muy condimentados con pimientos picantes.

Niños: Es posible que la aplicación de pimiento en la piel de niños menores de dos años no sea segura. No hay suficiente información confiable para saber si es seguro que los niños usen el pimiento por vía oral como medicamento. Manténgase en el lado seguro y limítese a las cantidades que se encuentran en los alimentos.

Trastornos hemorrágicos: Si bien existen resultados contradictorios, el pimiento podría aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia en personas con trastornos hemorrágicos.

Piel dañada: No use pimiento sobre la piel dañada o rota.

Presión arterial alta: Tomar pimiento o comer una gran cantidad de chiles puede causar un aumento en la presión arterial. En teoría, esto podría empeorar la condición de las personas que ya tienen presión arterial alta.

Cirugía: El pimiento puede aumentar el sangrado durante y después de la cirugía. Deje de usar capsicum al menos 2 semanas antes de una cirugía programada.

¿Existen interacciones con medicamentos?

Moderadas
Tenga cuidado con esta combinación
Aspirina
El pimiento podría disminuir la cantidad de aspirina que el cuerpo puede absorber. La ingesta de pimiento junto con aspirina podría reducir los efectos de la aspirina.
Ciprofloxacina (Cipro)
El pimiento podría aumentar la cantidad de ciprofloxacina que el cuerpo puede absorber. La ingesta de pimiento junto con ciprofloxacina podría aumentar los efectos y efectos secundarios de la ciprofloxacina.
Medicamentos para la diabetes (medicamentos antidiabéticos)
El pimiento puede reducir los niveles de azúcar en sangre. La ingesta de pimiento junto con medicamentos para la diabetes puede hacer que el azúcar en sangre baje demasiado. Controle de cerca su nivel de azúcar en sangre.
Medicamentos que retardan la coagulación de la sangre (medicamentos anticoagulantes / antiplaquetarios)
El pimiento puede retardar la coagulación de la sangre. La ingesta de pimiento junto con medicamentos que también retardan la coagulación de la sangre puede aumentar el riesgo de hematomas y sangrado.
Teofilina
El pimiento puede aumentar la cantidad de teofilina que puede absorber el cuerpo. La ingesta de pimiento junto con teofilina podría aumentar los efectos y los efectos secundarios de la teofilina.
Menores
Preste atención a esta combinación
Medicamentos para la presión arterial alta (inhibidores de la ECA)
Algunos medicamentos para la presión arterial alta pueden causar tos. Hay un informe de alguien cuya tos empeoró al usar una crema con pimiento junto con estos medicamentos para la presión arterial alta. Pero no está claro si esta interacción es una gran preocupación.

¿Existen interacciones con hierbas y suplementos?

Hierbas y suplementos que pueden reducir el azúcar en sangre
El pimiento puede reducir el azúcar en sangre. Tomarlo con otros suplementos con efectos similares podría reducir demasiado el azúcar en sangre. Ejemplos de suplementos con este efecto incluyen aloe, melón amargo, canela casia, cromo y nopal.
Hierbas y suplementos que pueden retardar la coagulación sanguínea
El pimiento puede retardar la coagulación sanguínea y aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia. Tomarlo con otros suplementos con efectos similares podría aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia en algunas personas. Ejemplos de suplementos con este efecto incluyen ajo, jengibre, ginkgo, nattokinasa y Panax ginseng.
Hierro
Existe cierta preocupación de que el uso de pimiento podría reducir la cantidad de hierro que el cuerpo puede absorber.

¿Existen interacciones con alimentos?

No se conoce ninguna interacción con alimentos.

¿Como se usa normalmente?

En los adultos, el pimiento se ha tomado por vía oral en forma de extractos, chile, pimiento rojo fermentado, pimiento rojo en polvo, pastillas, néctar y capsaicina. Tanto en adultos como en niños, el pimiento se ha aplicado a la piel en forma de cremas, yesos y geles. También se usa en aerosoles y soluciones nasales. Hable con un proveedor de atención médica para averiguar qué tipo de producto y dosis podrían ser los mejores para una afección específica.

Otros nombres

African Bird Pepper, African Chillies, African Pepper, Bird Pepper, Capsaicin, Capsaïcine, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum chinense, Capsicum Fruit, Capsicum frutescens, Capsicum minimum, Capsicum Oleoresin, Capsicum pubescens, Cayenne, Cayenne Fruit, Cayenne Pepper, Chili, Chili Pepper, Chilli, Chillies, Cis-capsaicin, Civamide, Garden Pepper, Goat's Pod, Grains of Paradise, Green Chili Pepper, Green Pepper, Hot Pepper, Hungarian Pepper, Ici Fructus, Katuvira, Lal Mirchi, Louisiana Long Pepper, Louisiana Sport Pepper, Mexican Chilies, Mirchi, Oleoresin capsicum, Paprika, Paprika de Hongrie, Pili-pili, Piment de Cayenne, Piment Enragé, Piment Fort, Piment-oiseau, Pimento, Poivre de Cayenne, Poivre de Zanzibar, Poivre Rouge, Red Pepper, Sweet Pepper, Tabasco Pepper, Trans-capsaicin, Zanzibar Pepper, Zucapsaicin, Zucapsaïcine.

Metodología

Para saber más sobre cómo este artículo fue escrito, refiérase a la metodología de la Base exhaustiva de datos de medicamentos naturales.

Referencias

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Documento revisado - 10/11/2023