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Cartílago de Tiburón

¿Qué es?

El cartílago de tiburón es el tejido que proporciona soporte a las aletas de los tiburones (Squalus acanthias). Proviene principalmente de tiburones capturados en el Océano Pacífico.

El cartílago de tiburón se convirtió en una medicina popular en la década de 1970. Pero su popularidad condujo a una disminución en el número de tiburones. Anteriormente se sugirió que los tiburones no contraen cáncer, por lo que consumir su cartílago podría ayudar a prevenir el cáncer en humanos. Pero ahora está claro que los tiburones contraen cáncer y la investigación no ha demostrado beneficios para el cáncer en humanos.

Las personas usan el cartílago de tiburón para el cáncer, la picazón en la piel escamosa (psoriasis), la osteoartritis y muchas otras condiciones, pero no hay evidencia científica sólida que respalde estos usos.

No confunda el cartílago de tiburón con el cartílago bovino o con la condroitina, que puede obtenerse del cartílago de tiburón.

¿Qué tan efectivo es?

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database (La Base Exhaustiva de Datos de Medicamentos Naturales) clasifica la eficacia, basada en evidencia científica, de acuerdo a la siguiente escala: Eficaz, Probablemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Ineficaz, Probablemente Ineficaz, Ineficaz, e Insuficiente Evidencia para Hacer una Determinación.

La clasificación de la eficacia para este producto es la siguiente:

Probablemente ineficaz para...

  • Cáncer. Tomar cartílago de tiburón por vía oral no beneficia a las personas con cánceres avanzados previamente tratados, incluidos el cáncer de mama, colon, pulmón, próstata y cerebro.
Hay interés en usar el cartílago de tiburón para otros propósitos, pero no hay suficiente información confiable para decir si podría ser útil.

¿Es seguro?

Cuando se toma por vía oral: El cartílago de tiburón es posiblemente seguro cuando se usa hasta por 40 meses. Puede causar mal sabor de boca, náuseas, vómitos, malestar estomacal y estreñimiento.

Cuando se aplica a la piel: El cartílago de tiburón es posiblemente seguro cuando se usa hasta por 8 semanas.

Advertencias y precauciones especiales:

Embarazo y lactancia: No hay suficiente información confiable para saber si es seguro usar cartílago de tiburón durante el embarazo o la lactancia. Manténgase en el lado seguro y evite su uso.

"Enfermedades autoinmunes" como la esclerosis múltiple (EM), el lupus (lupus eritematoso sistémico, LES), la artritis reumatoide (AR) u otras afecciones: El cartílago de tiburón podría hacer que el sistema inmunológico se vuelva más activo. Esto podría aumentar los síntomas de enfermedades autoinmunes. Si tiene una de estas condiciones, es mejor evitar el uso de cartílago de tiburón.

Altos niveles de calcio (hipercalcemia): El cartílago de tiburón contiene calcio y podría aumentar los niveles de calcio. No use cartílago de tiburón si ya tiene niveles altos de calcio.

¿Existen interacciones con medicamentos?

Moderadas
Tenga cuidado con esta combinación
Medicamentos que disminuyen el sistema inmunológico (Inmunosupresores)
El cartílago de tiburón puede aumentar la actividad del sistema inmunológico. Algunos medicamentos, como los que se usan después de un trasplante, disminuyen la actividad del sistema inmunitario. Tomar cartílago de tiburón junto con estos medicamentos podría disminuir los efectos de estos medicamentos.

¿Existen interacciones con hierbas y suplementos?

Calcio
El cartílago de tiburón contiene calcio y podría elevar los niveles de calcio. Usarlo junto con suplementos de calcio puede hacer que los niveles de calcio sean demasiado altos.

¿Existen interacciones con alimentos?

Los jugos de frutas ácidas como naranja, manzana, uva o tomate pueden disminuir la fuerza del cartílago de tiburón. Si se agrega cartílago de tiburón a un jugo de fruta para mejorar el sabor, debe consumirse de inmediato.

¿Como se usa normalmente?

No hay suficiente información confiable para saber cuál podría ser una dosis adecuada de cartílago de tiburón. Tenga en cuenta que los productos naturales no siempre son necesariamente seguros y las dosis pueden ser importantes. Asegúrese de seguir las instrucciones pertinentes en las etiquetas del producto y consulte a un profesional de la salud antes de usarlo.

Otros nombres

AE-941, Cartilage de Requin, Cartilage de Requin du Pacifique, Collagène Marin, Extrait de Cartilage de Requin, Liquide de Cartilage Marin, Marine Collagen, Marine Liquid Cartilage, MSI-1256F, Neovastat, Pacific Shark Cartilage, Poudre de Cartilage de Requin, Shark Cartilage Powder, Shark Cartilage Extract, Sphyrna lewini, Squalus acanthias.

Metodología

Para saber más sobre cómo este artículo fue escrito, refiérase a la metodología de la Base exhaustiva de datos de medicamentos naturales.

Referencias

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Documento revisado - 02/14/2022