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Dirección de esta página: https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/natural/856.html

Lúpulo

¿Qué es?

Los lúpulos son las partes secas y con flores de la planta del lúpulo (Humulus lupulus), comúnmente utilizadas en la elaboración de cerveza. Tienen evidencia limitada de beneficios para la salud.

El término "lúpulo" proviene del término anglosajón "hoppan", que significa "escalar". El lúpulo contiene muchos productos químicos, incluidos los ácidos amargos, que contribuyen a su sabor amargo. Algunas sustancias químicas del lúpulo parecen actuar de manera similar a la hormona estrógeno y algunas parecen causar somnolencia.

Las personas comúnmente usan el lúpulo para la ansiedad, los trastornos del sueño, la inquietud, los síntomas de la menopausia y muchas otras condiciones, pero no existe una buena evidencia científica que respalde estos usos.

¿Qué tan efectivo es?

Existe interés en usar lúpulo para varios propósitos, pero no hay suficiente información confiable para decir si podría ser útil.

¿Es seguro?

Cuando se toma por vía oral: El lúpulo se consume comúnmente en los alimentos. Los extractos de lúpulo y los ácidos amargos del lúpulo son posiblemente seguros cuando se usan a corto plazo. Los extractos de lúpulo se han utilizado de forma segura en dosis de hasta 300 mg al día durante un máximo de 3 meses. Los ácidos amargos del lúpulo se han utilizado de forma segura en dosis de 35 mg al día durante 3 meses. El lúpulo puede causar mareos y somnolencia en algunas personas.

Advertencias y precauciones especiales:

Embarazo y lactancia: No hay suficiente información confiable para saber si el lúpulo es seguro de usar durante el embarazo o la lactancia. Manténgase en el lado seguro y evite su uso.

Enfermedades y cánceres sensibles a las hormonas: Algunas sustancias químicas del lúpulo actúan como la hormona estrógeno. Las personas que tienen condiciones sensibles al estrógeno deben tener cuidado al tomar lúpulo. Algunas de estas afecciones incluyen cáncer de mama y endometriosis.

Cirugía: El lúpulo puede causar demasiada somnolencia cuando se combina con anestesia y otros medicamentos durante y después de los procedimientos quirúrgicos. Deje de tomar lúpulo al menos 2 semanas antes de una cirugía programada.

¿Existen interacciones con medicamentos?

Moderadas
Tenga cuidado con esta combinación
Estrógenos
El lúpulo puede tener algunos de los mismos efectos que el estrógeno. La ingesta de lúpulo junto con estrógeno podría disminuir los efectos del estrógeno.
Medicamentos modificados por el hígado (sustratos del citocromo P450 1A2 (CYP1A2))
Algunos medicamentos son modificados y degradados por el hígado. El lúpulo puede cambiar la rapidez con que el hígado descompone estos medicamentos. Esto podría cambiar los efectos y los efectos secundarios de estos medicamentos.
Medicamentos modificados por el hígado (sustratos del citocromo P450 3A4 (CYP3A4))
Algunos medicamentos son modificados y degradados por el hígado. El lúpulo puede cambiar la rapidez con que el hígado descompone estos medicamentos. Esto podría cambiar los efectos y los efectos secundarios de estos medicamentos.
Medicamentos sedantes (depresores del SNC)
Los lúpulos pueden causar somnolencia y respiración lenta. Algunos medicamentos, llamados sedantes, también pueden causar somnolencia y respiración lenta. Tomar lúpulo con medicamentos sedantes puede causar problemas respiratorios y / o mucha somnolencia.

¿Existen interacciones con hierbas y suplementos?

Hierbas que pueden actuar como estrógenos
El lúpulo puede tener los mismos efectos que el estrógeno. Usarlo junto con otros suplementos con efectos similares podría aumentar los efectos similares al estrógeno y los efectos secundarios. Ejemplos de suplementos con este efecto incluyen cohosh negro, kudzu, peonía y trébol rojo.
Hierbas y suplementos con propiedades sedantes
Hops might cause sleepiness and slowed breathing. Taking it along with other supplements with similar effects might cause too much sleepiness and/or slowed breathing in some people. Examples of supplements with this effect include kava, L-tryptophan, melatonin, and valerian.

¿Existen interacciones con alimentos?

No se conoce ninguna interacción con alimentos.

¿Como se usa normalmente?

El lúpulo está disponible en muchos tipos diferentes de productos, que incluyen bebidas, tabletas, cápsulas, cremas y geles. No hay suficiente información confiable para saber cuál podría ser una dosis adecuada de lúpulo. Tenga en cuenta que los productos naturales no siempre son necesariamente seguros y las dosis pueden ser importantes. Asegúrese de seguir las instrucciones pertinentes en las etiquetas del producto y consulte a un profesional de la salud antes de usarlo.

Otros nombres

Asperge Sauvage, Common Hops, Couleuvrée, Couleuvrée Septentrionale, European Hops, Hop, Hop Strobile, Hopfenzapfen, Houblon, Humulus lupulus, Lupuli Strobulus, Lupulin, Pi Jiu Hua, Salsepareille Indigène, Vigne du Nord.

Metodología

Para saber más sobre cómo este artículo fue escrito, refiérase a la metodología de la Base exhaustiva de datos de medicamentos naturales.

Referencias

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Documento revisado - 07/29/2022