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Dirección de esta página: https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/natural/794.html

5-HTP

¿Qué es?

El 5-hidroxitriptófano (5-HTP) se puede convertir en serotonina en el cuerpo. A menudo se usa para la depresión. Tiene menos evidencia de insomnio y ansiedad.

El 5-HTP es un subproducto químico del bloque de construcción de proteínas L-triptófano. Se produce comercialmente a partir de semillas de una planta africana conocida como Griffonia simplicifolia. El 5-HTP actúa en el cerebro y el sistema nervioso central aumentando la producción de la serotonina química. La serotonina puede afectar el sueño, el apetito, la temperatura, el comportamiento sexual y la sensación de dolor.

Dado que el 5-HTP aumenta los niveles de serotonina, se usa para afecciones en las que se cree que la serotonina juega un papel importante. Estos incluyen depresión, ansiedad y muchas otras afecciones, pero no existe una buena evidencia científica que respalde la mayoría de estos usos.

¿Qué tan efectivo es?

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database (La Base Exhaustiva de Datos de Medicamentos Naturales) clasifica la eficacia, basada en evidencia científica, de acuerdo a la siguiente escala: Eficaz, Probablemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Ineficaz, Probablemente Ineficaz, Ineficaz, e Insuficiente Evidencia para Hacer una Determinación.

La clasificación de la eficacia para este producto es la siguiente:

Posiblemente eficaz para...

  • Depresión. La ingesta de 5-HTP parece mejorar los síntomas de depresión en algunas personas. Podría funcionar tan bien como algunos medicamentos antidepresivos recetados.

Posiblemente ineficaz para...

  • Síndrome de Down. La mayoría de las investigaciones muestran que la ingesta de 5-HTP no mejora la fuerza ni el desarrollo muscular en niños con síndrome de Down.
Existe interés en usar el 5-HTP para otros propósitos, pero no hay suficiente información confiable para decir si podría ser útil.

¿Es seguro?

Cuando se toma por vía oral: Es posible que sea seguro tomar 5-HTP en dosis de hasta 400 mg al día durante un año como máximo. Los efectos secundarios más comunes incluyen acidez, dolor de estómago, náuseas, vómitos, diarrea, somnolencia, problemas sexuales y problemas musculares. Grandes dosis de 5-HTP, como 6-10 gramos diarios, posiblemente no sean seguras. Estas dosis se han relacionado con problemas estomacales graves y espasmos musculares.

Algunas personas que han tomado 5-HTP han desarrollado una enfermedad grave llamada síndrome de eosinofilia-mialgia (EMS). Algunas personas piensan que el EMS puede ser causado por un contaminante accidental en algunos productos de 5-HTP. Pero no hay suficiente evidencia científica para saber si el EMS es causado por 5-HTP, un contaminante o algún otro factor. Hasta que se sepa más, el 5-HTP debe usarse con precaución.

Advertencias y precauciones especiales:

Embarazo y lactancia: No hay suficiente información confiable para saber si el 5-HTP es seguro de usar durante el embarazo o la lactancia. Manténgase en el lado seguro y evite su uso.

Niños: Es posible que los niños tomen 5-HTP por vía oral en dosis adecuadas. En niños menores de 12 años, el 5-HTP parece ser seguro en una dosis de hasta 5 mg / kg al día durante un máximo de 3 años.

Cirugía: el 5-HTP puede afectar una sustancia química del cerebro llamada serotonina. Algunos medicamentos administrados durante la cirugía también pueden afectar la serotonina. Tomar 5-HTP antes de la cirugía podría causar demasiada serotonina en el cerebro y provocar efectos secundarios graves, como problemas cardíacos, escalofríos y ansiedad. Dígales a los pacientes que dejen de tomar 5-HTP al menos 2 semanas antes de la cirugía.

¿Existen interacciones con medicamentos?

Moderadas
Tenga cuidado con esta combinación
Carbidopa (Lodosyn)
El 5-HTP puede afectar al cerebro. La carbidopa también puede afectar el cerebro. Tomar 5-HTP junto con carbidopa puede aumentar el riesgo de efectos secundarios graves, como habla rápida, ansiedad, agresividad y otros.
Fármacos serotoninérgicos
El 5-HTP podría aumentar una sustancia química del cerebro llamada serotonina. Algunos medicamentos también tienen este efecto. La ingesta de 5-HTP junto con estos medicamentos puede aumentar demasiado la serotonina. Esto puede causar efectos secundarios graves, como problemas cardíacos, convulsiones y vómitos.
Medicamentos sedantes (depresores del SNC)
El 5-HTP puede causar somnolencia y respiración lenta. Algunos medicamentos, llamados sedantes, también pueden causar somnolencia y respiración lenta. Tomar 5-HTP con medicamentos sedantes puede causar problemas respiratorios y / o demasiada somnolencia.

¿Existen interacciones con hierbas y suplementos?

Hierbas y suplementos con propiedades sedantes
El 5-HTP puede causar somnolencia y respiración lenta. Tomarlo junto con otros suplementos con efectos similares puede causar demasiada somnolencia y / o respiración lenta en algunas personas. Ejemplos de suplementos con este efecto incluyen lúpulo, kava, L-triptófano, melatonina y valeriana.
Hierbas y suplementos con propiedades serotoninérgicas
El 5-HTP aumenta una sustancia química del cerebro llamada serotonina. Tomarlo junto con otros suplementos que tienen este efecto puede causar efectos secundarios graves, incluidos problemas cardíacos, convulsiones y vómitos. Ejemplos de suplementos con este efecto incluyen semilla negra, L-triptófano, SAMe y hierba de San Juan.

¿Existen interacciones con alimentos?

No se conoce ninguna interacción con alimentos.

¿Como se usa normalmente?

El 5-HTP ha sido utilizado con mayor frecuencia por adultos en dosis de 150 a 800 mg al día. Dosis muy grandes de 5-HTP, como 6-10 gramos diarios, pueden causar efectos secundarios graves y deben evitarse. Hable con un proveedor de atención médica para averiguar qué dosis podría ser la mejor para una afección específica.

Otros nombres

2-Amino-3-(5-Hydroxy-1H-Indol-3-yl)Propanoic Acid, 5 Hydroxy-Tryptophan, 5 Hydroxy-Tryptophane, 5-Hydroxytryptophan, 5-Hydroxytryptophane, 5-Hydroxy L-Tryptophan, 5-Hydroxy L-Tryptophane, 5-Hydroxy Tryptophan, 5-L-Hydroxytryptophan, L-5 HTP, L-5-Hydroxytryptophan, L-5-Hydroxytryptophane, Oxitriptan.

Metodología

Para saber más sobre cómo este artículo fue escrito, refiérase a la metodología de la Base exhaustiva de datos de medicamentos naturales.

Referencias

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Documento revisado - 09/15/2023