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Ácido alfa lipoico

¿Qué es?

El ácido alfa lipoico es un antioxidante que se produce de forma natural en el cuerpo y también se encuentra en los alimentos. Se utiliza para descomponer los carbohidratos y generar energía.

El ácido alfa lipoico se puede ingerir en alimentos como carnes rojas, zanahorias, remolachas, espinacas, brócoli y papas. También está disponible en suplementos. Debido a que el ácido alfa lipoico parece funcionar como un antioxidante, podría brindar protección al cerebro y también ser útil en ciertas enfermedades del hígado.

Las personas usan con mayor frecuencia ácido alfa lipoico para el dolor de nervios en personas con diabetes. También se usa para la obesidad, vertigo, el envejecimiento de la piel, los niveles altos de colesterol u otras grasas en la sangre y muchos otros propósitos, pero no existe una buena evidencia científica que respalde muchos de estos otros usos.

¿Qué tan efectivo es?

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database (La Base Exhaustiva de Datos de Medicamentos Naturales) clasifica la eficacia, basada en evidencia científica, de acuerdo a la siguiente escala: Eficaz, Probablemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Ineficaz, Probablemente Ineficaz, Ineficaz, e Insuficiente Evidencia para Hacer una Determinación.

La clasificación de la eficacia para este producto es la siguiente:

Posiblemente eficaz para...

  • Dolor de nervios en personas con diabetes (neuropatía diabética). Tomar de 600-1800 mg de ácido alfa lipoico por vía oral o por vía intravenosa parece mejorar los síntomas como ardor, dolor y entumecimiento en las piernas y los brazos de las personas con diabetes. Las dosis más bajas de ácido alfa lipoico no parecen funcionar. Los productos intravenosos solo pueden ser administrados por un proveedor de atención médica.
  • Niveles altos de colesterol u otras grasas (lípidos) en la sangre (hiperlipidemia). La ingesta de ácido alfa lipoico por hasta 4 años parece reducir el colesterol total y el colesterol de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL o "malo") en personas con o sin hiperlipidemia.
  • Obesidad. Tomar ácido alfa lipoico por vía oral puede reducir ligeramente el peso corporal en adultos con sobrepeso.

Posiblemente ineficaz para...

  • Enfermedad hepática en personas que beben alcohol. Tomar ácido alfa lipoico por vía oral todos los días durante un máximo de 6 meses no mejora la función hepática ni reduce el daño hepático en personas con enfermedad hepática relacionada con el alcohol.
  • Vertigo. La ingesta de ácido alfa lipoico junto con vitamina C y vitamina E no parece prevenir el vertigo.
  • Daño renal causado por tintes de contraste (nefropatía inducida por contraste). Tomar ácido alfa lipoico por vía oral con o sin la terapia de hidratación estándar durante una angiografía coronaria no parece prevenir el daño renal causado por los agentes de contraste.
  • Diabetes. Tomar ácido alfa lipoico por vía oral o por vía intravenosa no mejora los niveles de azúcar en sangre en personas con diabetes tipo 2.
  • Problemas de visión en personas con diabetes (retinopatía diabética). Tomar ácido alfa lipoico por vía oral todos los días durante 24 meses no mejora el daño ocular causado por la diabetes.
  • Demencia en personas con VIH / SIDA avanzado. Tomar ácido alfa lipoico por vía oral no tiene ningún efecto sobre los problemas de pensamiento en personas con VIH.
  • Altos niveles de grasas llamadas triglicéridos en la sangre (hipertrigliceridemia). La ingesta de ácido alfa lipoico no parece reducir los niveles de triglicéridos en la mayoría de las personas.
Hay interés en usar ácido alfa lipoico para otros propósitos, pero no hay suficiente información confiable para decir si podría ser útil.

¿Es seguro?

Cuando se toma por vía oral: El ácido alfa lipoico es posiblemente seguro para la mayoría de los adultos cuando se toma hasta por 4 años. Suele tolerarse bien. Los efectos secundarios más comunes son dolor de cabeza, acidez de estómago, náuseas y vómitos.

Cuando se aplica sobre la piel: El ácido alfa lipoico es posiblemente seguro para la mayoría de los adultos cuando se usa como crema hasta por 12 semanas. Puede causar sarpullido en algunas personas.

Advertencias y precauciones especiales:

Embarazo: Cuando se toma por vía oral, el ácido alfa lipoico es posiblemente seguro. Se ha utilizado de forma segura durante el embarazo en dosis de hasta 600 mg al día durante un máximo de 4 semanas.

Lactancia: No hay suficiente información confiable para saber si el ácido alfa-lipoico es seguro de usar durante la lactancia. Manténgase en el lado seguro y evite su uso.

Niños: El ácido alfa lipoico es posiblemente seguro en niños de 10 a 17 años cuando se toma por vía oral en dosis de hasta 600 mg al día durante 3 meses. Pero posiblemente no sea seguro que los niños tomen grandes cantidades de ácido alfa lipoico por vía oral. Se han notificado convulsiones, vómitos y pérdida del conocimiento en niños de 14 meses a 16 años que tomaron hasta 2400 mg de ácido alfa lipoico como dosis única.

Cirugía: El ácido alfa lipoico puede disminuir los niveles de azúcar en sangre. El ácido alfa lipoico podría interferir con el control del azúcar en sangre durante y después de la cirugía. Deje de tomar ácido alfa lipoico 2 semanas antes de los procedimientos quirúrgicos electivos.

Uso excesivo de alcohol / deficiencia de tiamina: El alcohol puede reducir la cantidad de tiamina (vitamina B1) en el cuerpo. Tomar ácido alfa lipoico cuando hay escasez de tiamina puede causar serios problemas de salud. Si bebe mucho alcohol y toma ácido alfa lipoico, debe tomar un suplemento de tiamina.

¿Existen interacciones con medicamentos?

Moderadas
Tenga cuidado con esta combinación
Hormona tiroidea
El ácido alfa lipoico parece disminuir el funcionamiento de la hormona tiroidea en el cuerpo. La ingesta de ácido alfa lipoico con hormona tiroidea podría disminuir los efectos de la hormona tiroidea.
Medicamentos para el cáncer (agentes alquilantes)
El ácido alfa lipoico es un antioxidante. Existe cierta preocupación de que los antioxidantes puedan disminuir los efectos de algunos medicamentos utilizados para el cáncer. Si está tomando medicamentos para el cáncer, consulte con su proveedor de atención médica antes de tomar ácido alfa lipoico.
Medicamentos para el cáncer (antibióticos antitumorales)
El ácido alfa lipoico es un antioxidante. Existe cierta preocupación de que los antioxidantes puedan disminuir los efectos de los medicamentos utilizados para el cáncer. Si está tomando medicamentos para el cáncer, consulte con su proveedor de atención médica antes de tomar ácido alfa lipoico.
Medicamentos que retardan la coagulación de la sangre (medicamentos anticoagulantes / antiplaquetarios)
El ácido alfa lipoico podría retardar la coagulación sanguínea. La ingesta de ácido alfa lipoico junto con medicamentos que también retardan la coagulación de la sangre puede aumentar el riesgo de hematomas y hemorragias.
Menores
Preste atención a esta combinación
Medicamentos para la diabetes (medicamentos antidiabéticos)
El ácido alfa lipoico podría reducir los niveles de azúcar en sangre. La ingesta de ácido alfa lipoico junto con medicamentos para la diabetes puede hacer que el azúcar en sangre baje demasiado. Controle de cerca su nivel de azúcar en sangre.

¿Existen interacciones con hierbas y suplementos?

Hierbas con actividad tiroidea
El ácido alfa lipoico podría afectar la producción de hormona tiroidea en el cuerpo. Tomarlo con otros suplementos con efectos similares podría alterar demasiado la función tiroidea y causar efectos secundarios. Ejemplos de suplementos con este efecto incluyen menta de lobo, bálsamo de limón y tiratricol.
Hierbas y suplementos que pueden reducir el azúcar en sangre
El ácido alfa lipoico podría reducir el azúcar en sangre. Tomarlo con otros suplementos con efectos similares podría reducir demasiado el azúcar en sangre. Ejemplos de suplementos con este efecto incluyen aloe, melón amargo, canela casia, cromo y nopal.
Hierbas y suplementos que pueden retardar la coagulación sanguínea
El ácido alfa lipoico podría retardar la coagulación de la sangre y aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia. Tomarlo con otros suplementos con efectos similares podría aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia en algunas personas. Ejemplos de suplementos con este efecto incluyen ajo, jengibre, ginkgo, nattokinasa y Panax ginseng.

¿Existen interacciones con alimentos?

No se conoce ninguna interacción con alimentos.

¿Como se usa normalmente?

El ácido alfa lipoico ha sido utilizado con mayor frecuencia por adultos en dosis de 600-1800 mg por vía oral al día durante un máximo de 6 meses. Hable con un proveedor de atención médica para averiguar qué dosis podría ser la mejor para una condición específica.

Otros nombres

A-Lipoic Acid, Acetate Replacing Factor, Acide Alpha-Lipoïque, Acide Alpha-Lipoïque R, Acide DL-Alpha-Lipoïque,Acide Lipoïque, Acide Thioctique, Acide 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoïque, Acide 1,2-dithiolane-3-valérique, Acide 5 Valérique (1,2-dithiolan-3-yl), Acide 6,8-dithiooctanoïque, Acide 6,8-Thioctique, Acido Alfa Lipoico, ALA, Biletan, DHLA, Dihydrolipoic Acid, Extrait d'acide Alpha-Lipoïque, Lipoic Acid, Lipoicin, R-ALA, R-Alpha-Lipoic Acid, (+-)-1,2-Dithiolane-3-Pentanoic Acid, (R)-Dithiolane-3-Pentanoic Acid,R, S-Alpha Lipoic Acid, (R)-Lipoic Acid, R-Lipoic Acid, RS-Alpha-Lipoic Acid, S-Alpha-Lipoic Acid, S-Lipoic Acid, Sodium-R-Lipoate, Thioctacid, Thioctan, Thioctic Acid.

Metodología

Para saber más sobre cómo este artículo fue escrito, refiérase a la metodología de la Base exhaustiva de datos de medicamentos naturales.

Referencias

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Documento revisado - 08/19/2024