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Miel

¿Qué es?

La miel es un líquido espeso y dulce producido por las abejas a partir de néctares de plantas. Se usa comúnmente como edulcorante en los alimentos, pero debe evitarse en los bebés.

Algunos químicos en la miel pueden matar ciertas bacterias y hongos. Cuando se aplica sobre la piel, la miel puede servir como una barrera contra la humedad y evitar que la piel se adhiera a los apósitos para heridas. También podría proporcionar nutrientes y productos químicos que aceleran la cicatrización de heridas. Pero la miel puede contaminarse con gérmenes durante la producción. Aunque es poco común, algunos bebés han contraído botulismo por tomar miel por vía oral.

Las personas comúnmente usan miel para quemaduras, cicatrización de heridas, hinchazón y llagas dentro de la boca y tos. También se usa para muchas otras condiciones, pero no existe una buena evidencia científica que respalde la mayoría de estos otros usos. Tampoco hay buena evidencia que respalde el uso de miel para COVID-19.

No confunda la miel con el polen de abeja, el veneno de abeja o la jalea real, que son otros tipos de productos apícolas.

¿Qué tan efectivo es?

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database (La Base Exhaustiva de Datos de Medicamentos Naturales) clasifica la eficacia, basada en evidencia científica, de acuerdo a la siguiente escala: Eficaz, Probablemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Ineficaz, Probablemente Ineficaz, Ineficaz, e Insuficiente Evidencia para Hacer una Determinación.

La clasificación de la eficacia para este producto es la siguiente:

Posiblemente eficaz para...

  • Quemaduras. La aplicación de preparados de miel directamente sobre las quemaduras parece mejorar la cicatrización.
  • Tos. Tomar una pequeña cantidad de miel por vía oral a la hora de acostarse parece reducir los ataques de tos en los niños de 2 años en adelante. La miel parece ser al menos tan eficaz como el medicamento para la tos dextrometorfano. Pero no está claro si la miel reduce la tos en los adultos.
  • Llagas en los pies en personas con diabetes. La aplicación de apósitos que contienen miel a las úlceras del pie diabético parece reducir el tiempo de curación y evitar la necesidad de antibióticos.
  • Ojo seco. Usar gotas oftálmicas de miel específicas o gel para los ojos en los ojos (Optimel Manuka Plus gotas para los ojos o Optimel Antibacterial Manuka Eye Gel) ayuda a que los ojos secos se sientan mejor. Estos productos se pueden usar junto con el tratamiento habitual para el ojo seco, como gotas lubricantes y paños tibios en los ojos.
  • Herpes labial (herpes labialis). La aplicación de miel en el herpes labial parece mejorar el tiempo de curación.
  • Llagas y úlceras en la boca y encías causadas por el virus del herpes (gingivoestomatitis herpética). Enjuagarse la boca y luego tragar la miel lentamente ayuda a que estas llagas y úlceras sanen más rápido en los niños que están tomando un medicamento llamado aciclovir.
  • Hinchazón (inflamación) y llagas dentro de la boca (mucositis oral). Enjuagar la boca y luego tragar miel lentamente antes y después de las sesiones de quimioterapia o radioterapia parece reducir el riesgo de desarrollar llagas en la boca.
  • Una condición de la piel que causa enrojecimiento en la cara (rosácea). La aplicación de un producto de miel tópico sobre la piel podría mejorar los síntomas de la rosácea.
  • Cicatrización de la herida. La aplicación de preparados de miel directamente sobre las heridas o el uso de apósitos que contienen miel parece mejorar la cicatrización. La miel parece reducir los olores y el pus, ayudar a limpiar la herida, reducir la infección, reducir el dolor y disminuir el tiempo de curación.

Posiblemente ineficaz para...

  • Acné. Aplicar miel en la cara no ayuda a tratar el acné.
  • Altos niveles de colesterol u otras grasas (lípidos) en la sangre (hiperlipidemia). La ingesta de miel no parece reducir los niveles de lípidos en personas con colesterol alto.
  • Hinchazón (inflamación) de la cavidad nasal y los senos nasales (rinosinusitis). Usar miel en un aerosol nasal no ayuda a mejorar los síntomas en personas que tienen infecciones frecuentes de los senos nasales.
Existe interés en usar la miel para otros propósitos, pero no hay suficiente información confiable para decir si podría ser útil.

¿Es seguro?

Cuando se toma por vía oral: Es probable que la miel sea segura para la mayoría de los adultos. Pero cuando la miel se produce a partir del néctar de rododendros, es probable que no sea segura. Este tipo de miel contiene una toxina que puede causar problemas cardíacos, presión arterial baja y dolor de pecho.

Cuando se aplica sobre la piel o en el interior de la boca: La miel probablemente sea segura para la mayoría de los adultos.

Cuando se aplica en el ojo: posiblemente sea seguro usar gotas para los ojos específicas que contengan miel de manuka (Optimel Manuka Plus Eye Drops; Melcare, Biomedical Pty Ltd). Estas gotas para los ojos generalmente se aplican en los ojos 2-3 veces al día durante un máximo de 4 semanas.

Advertencias y precauciones especiales:

Embarazo y lactancia: Es probable que la miel sea segura cuando se ingiere en cantidades alimentarias. Pero no hay suficiente información confiable para saber si es seguro usar miel en cantidades medicinales durante el embarazo o la lactancia. Manténgase en el lado seguro y limítese a las cantidades que se encuentran en los alimentos.

Niños: Es probable que la miel sea segura cuando se toma por vía oral en niños que tienen al menos un año de edad. Es posible que la miel no sea segura cuando los niños menores de 12 meses la ingieren por vía oral. No use miel en bebés menores de 12 meses. La intoxicación por botulismo es un riesgo a esta edad. Pero esto no es un peligro para los niños mayores o los adultos.

Diabetes: El uso de grandes cantidades de miel puede aumentar los niveles de azúcar en sangre en personas con diabetes tipo 2. La miel contiene azúcar y debe usarse con moderación.

Alergias al polen: Evite la miel si es alérgico al polen. La miel, que está hecha de polen, puede causar reacciones alérgicas.

¿Existen interacciones con medicamentos?

Moderadas
Tenga cuidado con esta combinación
Fenitoina (Dilantin)
La miel puede aumentar la cantidad de fenitoína que absorbe el cuerpo. La ingesta de miel junto con fenitoína podría aumentar los efectos y los efectos secundarios de la fenitoína.
Medicamentos que retardan la coagulación de la sangre (medicamentos anticoagulantes / antiplaquetarios)
La miel puede retardar la coagulación de la sangre. La ingesta de miel junto con medicamentos que también retardan la coagulación sanguínea podría aumentar el riesgo de hematomas y sangrado.
Menores
Preste atención a esta combinación
Medicamentos modificados por el hígado (sustratos del citocromo P450 3A4 (CYP3A4))
Algunos medicamentos son modificados y degradados por el hígado. La miel puede cambiar la rapidez con que el hígado descompone estos medicamentos. Esto podría cambiar los efectos y los efectos secundarios de estos medicamentos.

¿Existen interacciones con hierbas y suplementos?

Hierbas y suplementos que pueden retardar la coagulación sanguínea
La miel puede retardar la coagulación de la sangre y aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia. Tomarlo con otros suplementos con efectos similares podría aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia en algunas personas. Ejemplos de suplementos con este efecto incluyen ajo, jengibre, ginkgo, natokinasa y Panax ginseng.

¿Existen interacciones con alimentos?

No se conoce ninguna interacción con alimentos.

¿Como se usa normalmente?

La miel ha sido utilizada con mayor frecuencia por adultos en dosis de 35 a 75 gramos por vía oral al día durante 1 a 4 semanas. Se ha aplicado sobre la piel directamente y en cremas, apósitos y gasas. La miel también se ha aplicado al ojo en forma de cremas, geles y gotas para los ojos. Hable con un proveedor de atención médica para averiguar qué tipo de producto y dosis podrían ser los mejores para una condición específica.

Otros nombres

Beri honey, Apis mellifera, Blossom Honey, Buckwheat Honey, Chestnut Honey, Clarified Honey, Honeydew Honey, Honig, Jellybush Honey, Langnese Honey, Madhu, Manuka Honey, Medihoney, Mel, Miel, Miel Blanc, Miel Clarifié, Miel de Châtaignier, Miel de Manuka, Miel de Sarrasin, Miel Filtré, Purified Honey, Strained Honey, Tualang Honey, Wildflower and Thyme Honey.

Metodología

Para saber más sobre cómo este artículo fue escrito, refiérase a la metodología de la Base exhaustiva de datos de medicamentos naturales.

Referencias

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Documento revisado - 06/12/2023