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Árnica

¿Qué es?

La árnica es una hierba que a veces se usa para dar sabor a los alimentos. Puede ser venenoso cuando se consume en grandes cantidades. La gel de árnica se puede aplicar a la piel para la osteoartritis.

Los químicos activos en la árnica pueden reducir la hinchazón, disminuir el dolor y actuar como antibióticos. Pero la árnica puede ser peligrosa cuando se toma por vía oral, a menos que se use en diluciones homeopáticas. Los productos homeopáticos contienen diluciones extremas de los productos químicos activos.

La gente suele utilizar árnica para el dolor causado por la osteoartritis. También se usa para sangrado, hematomas, hinchazón después de la cirugía y otras afecciones, pero no existe una buena evidencia científica que respalde estos usos. La árnica también se usa como ingrediente de sabor en bebidas, dulces, productos horneados y otros alimentos.

¿Qué tan efectivo es?

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database (La Base Exhaustiva de Datos de Medicamentos Naturales) clasifica la eficacia, basada en evidencia científica, de acuerdo a la siguiente escala: Eficaz, Probablemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Ineficaz, Probablemente Ineficaz, Ineficaz, e Insuficiente Evidencia para Hacer una Determinación.

La clasificación de la eficacia para este producto es la siguiente:

Posiblemente eficaz para...

  • Osteoartritis. La aplicación de un gel de árnica (A. Vogel Arnica Gel, Bioforce AG) dos veces al día durante 3 semanas puede reducir el dolor y la rigidez y mejorar la función en personas con osteoartritis en la mano o la rodilla. Podría funcionar tan bien como el ibuprofeno.
Existe interés en usar árnica para otros propósitos, pero no hay suficiente información confiable para decir si podría ser útil.

¿Es seguro?

Cuando se toma por vía oral: La árnica homeopática es posiblemente segura. Los productos homeopáticos a menudo no contienen ningún ingrediente activo, por lo que los efectos secundarios son poco probables. También es posible que sea seguro tomar árnica en las cantidades que se encuentran en los alimentos. Pero el gobierno canadiense está lo suficientemente preocupado por su seguridad como para prohibir su uso en alimentos.

Es probable que no sea seguro tomar árnica en cantidades superiores a las que se encuentran en los alimentos. De hecho, la árnica se considera venenosa. Cuando se toma por vía oral, puede causar vómitos, daño cardíaco, insuficiencia orgánica, aumento del sangrado, coma y muerte.

Cuando se aplica a la piel: Árnica posiblemente sea segura cuando se aplica a la piel intacta, a corto plazo. Pero es probable que no sea seguro aplicar árnica sobre la piel lesionada porque puede ser absorbida por el cuerpo.

Advertencias y precauciones especiales:

Embarazo y lactancia: No tome árnica por vía oral ni la aplique sobre la piel si está embarazada o amamantando. Se considera probablemente inseguro.

Cirugía: La árnica puede causar sangrado adicional durante y después de la cirugía. Deje de usarlo al menos 2 semanas antes de una cirugía programada.

¿Existen interacciones con medicamentos?

Moderadas
Tenga cuidado con esta combinación
Medicamentos que retardan la coagulación de la sangre (medicamentos anticoagulantes / antiplaquetarios)
Árnica podría retardar la coagulación de la sangre. La ingesta de árnica junto con medicamentos que también retardan la coagulación de la sangre puede aumentar el riesgo de hematomas y sangrado.

¿Existen interacciones con hierbas y suplementos?

Hierbas y suplementos que pueden retardar la coagulación sanguínea
La árnica podría retardar la coagulación sanguínea y aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia. Tomarlo con otros suplementos con efectos similares podría aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia en algunas personas. Ejemplos de suplementos con este efecto incluyen ajo, jengibre, ginkgo, natokinasa y Panax ginseng.

¿Existen interacciones con alimentos?

No se conoce ninguna interacción con alimentos.

¿Como se usa normalmente?

Árnica ha sido utilizada con mayor frecuencia por adultos en diluciones homeopáticas. Los productos típicos de árnica homeopática son diluciones 5C-30C. La "C" significa que el ingrediente activo se diluyó inicialmente 100 veces. El "5" o "30" significa que la dilución resultante se vuelve a diluir 100 veces, 5 o 30 veces más. Estas preparaciones suelen estar tan diluidas que no contienen una cantidad detectable de los productos químicos activos. Esto es muy diferente de los suplementos dietéticos de árnica, que contienen cantidades cuantificables y probablemente no sean seguros.

Árnica también se usa en geles, cremas y ungüentos. Hable con un proveedor de atención médica para averiguar qué dosis o producto podría ser mejor para una afección específica.

Otros nombres

American Arnica, Arctic Arnica, Arnica angustifolia, Arnica chamissonis, Arnica cordifolia, Arnica des Montagnes, Arnica Flos, Arnica Flower, Arnica fulgens, Arnica latifolia, Arnica montana, Arnica sororia, Arnikablüten, Bergwohlverleih, Doronic d'Allemagne, European Arnica, Fleurs d'Arnica, Foothill Arnica, Heart-Leaf Arnica, Herbe aux Chutes, Herbe aux Prêcheurs, Hillside Arnica, Kraftwurz, Leopard's Bane, Mountain Arnica, Mountain Snuff, Mountain Tobacco, North American Meadow Arnica, Plantin des Alpes, Quinquina des Pauvres, Souci des Alpes, Tabac des Savoyards, Tabac des Vosges, Twin Arnica, Wolf's Bane, Wolfsbane, Wundkraut.

Metodología

Para saber más sobre cómo este artículo fue escrito, refiérase a la metodología de la Base exhaustiva de datos de medicamentos naturales.

Referencias

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Documento revisado - 12/11/2023