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Propóleo

¿Qué es?

El propóleo es un material similar a la resina fabricado por las abejas a partir de las yemas de los álamos y los árboles conos. Las abejas lo usan para construir colmenas y puede contener subproductos de las colmenas.

El propóleo parece ayudar a combatir bacterias, virus y hongos. También podría tener efectos antiinflamatorios y ayudar a curar la piel. El propóleo rara vez está disponible en su forma pura. Generalmente se obtiene de las colmenas.

Las personas comúnmente usan propóleo para la diabetes, el herpes labial y la hinchazón y las llagas dentro de la boca. También se usa para quemaduras, úlceras bucales, herpes genital y muchas otras condiciones, pero no existe una buena evidencia científica que respalde estos usos. Tampoco hay buena evidencia que respalde el uso de propóleo para COVID-19.

¿Qué tan efectivo es?

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database (La Base Exhaustiva de Datos de Medicamentos Naturales) clasifica la eficacia, basada en evidencia científica, de acuerdo a la siguiente escala: Eficaz, Probablemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Ineficaz, Probablemente Ineficaz, Ineficaz, e Insuficiente Evidencia para Hacer una Determinación.

La clasificación de la eficacia para este producto es la siguiente:

Posiblemente eficaz para...

  • Diabetes. La ingesta de propóleos parece mejorar el control del azúcar en sangre en una pequeña cantidad en personas con diabetes. Pero no parece afectar los niveles de insulina ni mejorar la resistencia a la insulina.
  • Herpes labial (herpes labial). La aplicación de un ungüento o crema que contenga de 0,5% a 3% de propóleo cinco veces al día podría ayudar a que el herpes labial se cure más rápido y reduzca el dolor.
  • Hinchazón (inflamación) y llagas dentro de la boca (mucositis oral). Tomar propóleo por vía oral o enjuagarse la boca con un enjuague bucal de propóleo ayuda a curar las llagas causadas por los medicamentos contra el cáncer.
Existe interés en usar propóleos para otros propósitos, pero no hay suficiente información confiable para decir si podría ser útil.

¿Es seguro?

Cuando se toma por vía oral: El propóleo es posiblemente seguro cuando se usa apropiadamente. Puede causar reacciones alérgicas, especialmente en personas alérgicas a otros productos apícolas. Las pastillas que contienen propóleo pueden causar irritación y úlceras en la boca.

Cuando se aplica sobre la piel: El propóleo es posiblemente seguro cuando se usa adecuadamente. Puede causar reacciones alérgicas, especialmente en personas alérgicas a otros productos apícolas.

Advertencias y precauciones especiales:

Embarazo: No hay suficiente información confiable para saber si el propóleo es seguro de usar durante el embarazo. Manténgase en el lado seguro y evite su uso.

Lactancia: El propóleo es posiblemente seguro cuando se toma por vía oral durante la lactancia. Se han utilizado de forma segura dosis de 300 mg al día durante un máximo de 10 meses. Manténgase en el lado seguro y evite dosis más altas durante la lactancia.

Condiciones de sangrado: Un determinado químico en el propóleo podría retardar la coagulación de la sangre. La ingesta de propóleos podría aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia en personas con trastornos hemorrágicos.

Alergias: Algunos productos de propóleo pueden estar contaminados con subproductos de abejas. Utilice el propóleo con precaución si es alérgico a los subproductos de las abejas.

Cirugía: Cierto químico en el propóleo podría retardar la coagulación de la sangre. La ingesta de propóleos puede aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia durante y después de la cirugía. Deje de tomar propóleo 2 semanas antes de la cirugía.

¿Existen interacciones con medicamentos?

Moderadas
Tenga cuidado con esta combinación
Medicamentos modificados por el hígado (sustratos del citocromo P450 1A2 (CYP1A2))
Algunos medicamentos son modificados y degradados por el hígado. El propóleo podría cambiar la rapidez con que el hígado descompone estos medicamentos. Esto podría cambiar los efectos y los efectos secundarios de estos medicamentos.
Medicamentos modificados por el hígado (sustratos del citocromo P450 2C19 (CYP2C19))
Algunos medicamentos son modificados y degradados por el hígado. El propóleo podría cambiar la rapidez con que el hígado descompone estos medicamentos. Esto podría cambiar los efectos y los efectos secundarios de estos medicamentos.
Medicamentos modificados por el hígado (sustratos del citocromo P450 2C9 (CYP2C9))
Algunos medicamentos son modificados y degradados por el hígado. El propóleo podría cambiar la rapidez con que el hígado descompone estos medicamentos. Esto podría cambiar los efectos y los efectos secundarios de estos medicamentos.
Medicamentos modificados por el hígado (sustratos del citocromo P450 2D6 (CYP2D6))
Algunos medicamentos son modificados y degradados por el hígado. El propóleo podría cambiar la rapidez con que el hígado descompone estos medicamentos. Esto podría cambiar los efectos y los efectos secundarios de estos medicamentos.
Medicamentos modificados por el hígado (sustratos del citocromo P450 2E1 (CYP2E1))
Algunos medicamentos son modificados y degradados por el hígado. El propóleo podría cambiar la rapidez con que el hígado descompone estos medicamentos. Esto podría cambiar los efectos y los efectos secundarios de estos medicamentos.
Medicamentos modificados por el hígado (sustratos del citocromo P450 3A4 (CYP3A4))
Algunos medicamentos son modificados y degradados por el hígado. El propóleo podría cambiar la rapidez con que el hígado descompone estos medicamentos. Esto podría cambiar los efectos y los efectos secundarios de estos medicamentos.
Medicamentos que retardan la coagulación de la sangre (medicamentos anticoagulantes / antiplaquetarios)
El propóleo podría retardar la coagulación de la sangre. La ingesta de propóleos junto con medicamentos que también retardan la coagulación de la sangre puede aumentar el riesgo de hematomas y hemorragias.
Warfarina (Coumadin)
La warfarina se usa para retardar la coagulación de la sangre. El propóleo podría disminuir los efectos de la warfarina. Esto podría aumentar el riesgo de coagulación.

¿Existen interacciones con hierbas y suplementos?

Hierbas y suplementos que pueden retardar la coagulación sanguínea
El propóleo podría retardar la coagulación de la sangre y aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia. Tomarlo con otros suplementos con efectos similares podría aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia en algunas personas. Ejemplos de suplementos con este efecto incluyen ajo, jengibre, ginkgo, nattokinasa y Panax ginseng.

¿Existen interacciones con alimentos?

No se conoce ninguna interacción con alimentos.

¿Como se usa normalmente?

El propóleo ha sido utilizado con mayor frecuencia por adultos en dosis de 400 a 500 mg por vía oral al día durante un máximo de 13 meses. También se utiliza en muchos tipos de productos, como cremas, ungüentos, geles y enjuagues bucales. Hable con un proveedor de atención médica para averiguar qué tipo de producto y dosis podrían ser los mejores para una condición específica.

Otros nombres

Acide de Cire d'Abeille, Baume de Propolis, Bee Glue, Bee Propolis, Beeswax Acid, Brazilian Green Propolis, Brazilian Propolis, Brown Propolis, Cire d'Abeille Synthétique, Cire de Propolis, Colle d'Abeille, Green Propolis, Hive Dross, Pénicilline Russe, Propóleos, Propolis Balsam, Propolis Cera, Propolis d'Abeille, Propolis Resin, Propolis Wax, Red Propolis, Résine de Propolis, Russian Penicillin, Synthetic Beeswax, Yellow Propolis.

Metodología

Para saber más sobre cómo este artículo fue escrito, refiérase a la metodología de la Base exhaustiva de datos de medicamentos naturales.

Referencias

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