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DHEA

¿Qué es?

La dehidroepiandrosterona (DHEA) es una hormona que se convierte en hormonas sexuales masculinas y femeninas en el cuerpo. La DHEA recetada se usa para tratar el tejido vaginal delgado.

La DHEA es producida por las glándulas suprarrenales y por el hígado. Los niveles de DHEA parecen disminuir a medida que las personas envejecen. Los niveles de DHEA parecen ser más bajos en personas con depresión y después de la menopausia.

Las personas comúnmente usan DHEA recetado para el adelgazamiento del tejido vaginal. Los suplementos de DHEA se usan para el envejecimiento de la piel, la depresión, la infertilidad, la fuerza muscular, las enfermedades cardíacas, la disfunción eréctil (DE) y muchas otras afecciones, pero no existe una buena evidencia científica que respalde muchos de estos otros usos.

¿Qué tan efectivo es?

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database (La Base Exhaustiva de Datos de Medicamentos Naturales) clasifica la eficacia, basada en evidencia científica, de acuerdo a la siguiente escala: Eficaz, Probablemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Ineficaz, Probablemente Ineficaz, Ineficaz, e Insuficiente Evidencia para Hacer una Determinación.

La clasificación de la eficacia para este producto es la siguiente:

Probablemente eficaz para...

  • Adelgazamiento del tejido vaginal (atrofia vaginal). El uso de insertos vaginales que contienen DHEA puede reducir el dolor durante las relaciones sexuales hasta en un 15% después de la menopausia. Un producto de DHEA recetado está disponible para esta condición.

Posiblemente eficaz para...

  • Envejecimiento de la piel. La ingesta de DHEA o su aplicación sobre la piel puede mejorar la apariencia de la piel después de la menopausia y en personas mayores de 60 años.
  • Depresión. La ingesta diaria de 30-500 mg de DHEA parece mejorar los síntomas de la depresión. Las dosis más bajas no parecen ayudar.
  • Incapacidad para quedar embarazada dentro de un año de intentar concebir (infertilidad). La ingesta de DHEA antes de la fertilización in vitro (FIV) podría mejorar las posibilidades de embarazo y de tener un bebé. Pero no está claro si tomar DHEA ayuda a prevenir el aborto espontáneo después de la FIV.

Posiblemente ineficaz para...

  • Envejecimiento. La ingesta diaria de DHEA durante un máximo de 2 años no parece mejorar la forma del cuerpo, la fuerza ósea, la fuerza muscular o la calidad de vida en personas mayores de 60 años que tienen niveles bajos de DHEA.
  • Fuerza muscular. La ingesta de DHEA no mejora la fuerza muscular en los adultos.
  • Rendimiento físico en adultos mayores. La ingesta de DHEA no mejora el rendimiento físico en los adultos mayores.

Probablemente ineficaz para...

  • Habilidades de memoria y pensamiento (función cognitiva). La ingesta de DHEA no parece mejorar la función mental ni disminuir el deterioro mental en personas mayores sanas, personas con VIH o adultos jóvenes sanos.
  • Un trastorno autoinmune en el que se dañan las glándulas que producen lágrimas y saliva (síndrome de Sjogren). La ingesta de DHEA no mejora los síntomas de esta condición.
Existe interés en usar la DHEA para otros propósitos, pero no hay suficiente información confiable para decir si podría ser útil.

¿Es seguro?

Cuando se toma por vía oral: La DHEA es posiblemente segura cuando se usa a corto plazo. La DHEA se ha utilizado con seguridad hasta por 2 años, generalmente en dosis de 50 mg al día. Los efectos secundarios de la DHEA suelen ser leves y pueden incluir acné y malestar estomacal.

La DHEA posiblemente no sea segura cuando se usa en dosis altas o a largo plazo. No use DHEA en dosis superiores a 50-100 mg al día o durante un período prolongado. Usar dosis más altas o usarlo a largo plazo puede aumentar el riesgo de efectos secundarios graves, incluido el cáncer.

Cuando se aplica sobre la piel: La DHEA es posiblemente segura cuando se usa de manera apropiada. La crema de DHEA se ha utilizado de forma segura hasta por 1 año.

Cuando se aplica en la vagina: La DHEA es posiblemente segura cuando se usa apropiadamente. Los insertos vaginales de DHEA se han utilizado con seguridad hasta por 3 meses.

Advertencias y precauciones especiales:

Embarazo y lactancia: Es posible que la DHEA no sea segura cuando se toma durante el embarazo o la lactancia. Puede causar niveles más altos de lo normal de una hormona masculina llamada andrógeno. Esto podría ser perjudicial para el bebé. No use DHEA si está embarazada o amamantando.

Diabetes: La DHEA puede afectar el funcionamiento de la insulina en el cuerpo. Si tiene diabetes, controle cuidadosamente su nivel de azúcar en sangre si está tomando DHEA.

Condiciones sensibles a hormonas como cáncer de mama, cáncer de útero, cáncer de ovario, endometriosis o fibromas uterinos: La DHEA es una hormona que puede afectar el funcionamiento del estrógeno en el cuerpo. Si tiene alguna afección que podría empeorar con el estrógeno, no use DHEA.

Colesterol alto: La DHEA puede reducir el colesterol de las lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL o "bueno"), especialmente en las mujeres. Si tiene colesterol alto o una enfermedad cardíaca, hable con su proveedor de atención médica antes de tomar DHEA.

Problemas hepáticos: La DHEA puede empeorar los problemas hepáticos. No use DHEA si tiene problemas hepáticos.

Depresión y trastornos del estado de ánimo: La DHEA puede provocar excitabilidad, impulsividad e irritabilidad en personas con trastornos del estado de ánimo. Si tiene un trastorno del estado de ánimo, hable con su proveedor de atención médica antes de tomar DHEA.

Síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP): La ingesta de DHEA podría empeorar esta condición. No use DHEA si tiene SOP.

¿Existen interacciones con medicamentos?

Moderadas
Tenga cuidado con esta combinación
Fulvestrant (Faslodex)
Los cánceres sensibles al estrógeno son cánceres que se ven afectados por los niveles de estrógeno en el cuerpo. Fulvestrant se usa para estos tipos de cáncer. La DHEA podría aumentar el estrógeno en el cuerpo y disminuir los efectos del fulvestrant para tratar el cáncer. No tome DHEA si está tomando fulvestrant.
Medicamentos modificados por el hígado (sustratos del citocromo P450 3A4 (CYP3A4))
Algunos medicamentos son modificados y degradados por el hígado. La DHEA podría cambiar la rapidez con que el hígado descompone estos medicamentos. Esto podría cambiar los efectos y los efectos secundarios de estos medicamentos.
Medicamentos para cánceres sensibles al estrógeno (inhibidores de aromatasa)
El cuerpo convierte la DHEA en estrógeno en el cuerpo. Los inhibidores de la aromatasa se utilizan para ayudar a reducir los niveles de estrógeno en el cuerpo. La ingesta de DHEA podría disminuir los efectos de los inhibidores de la aromatasa.
Medicamentos para la depresión (medicamentos antidepresivos)
Existe cierta preocupación de que la ingesta de DHEA junto con medicamentos antidepresivos pueda aumentar el riesgo de efectos secundarios graves. Hable con un proveedor de atención médica antes de tomar DHEA si está tomando un antidepresivo.
Medicamentos que retardan la coagulación de la sangre (medicamentos anticoagulantes / antiplaquetarios)
La DHEA podría retardar la coagulación sanguínea. La ingesta de DHEA junto con medicamentos que también retardan la coagulación de la sangre puede aumentar el riesgo de hematomas y hemorragias.
Tamoxifeno (Nolvadex)
Los cánceres sensibles al estrógeno son cánceres que se ven afectados por los niveles de estrógeno en el cuerpo. El tamoxifeno se usa para ayudar a tratar y prevenir estos tipos de cáncer. La DHEA aumenta los niveles de estrógeno en el cuerpo y podría disminuir los efectos del tamoxifeno. No tome DHEA si está tomando tamoxifeno.
Triazolam (Halción)
La DHEA podría disminuir la rapidez con que el cuerpo descompone el triazolam. La ingesta de DHEA con triazolam podría aumentar los efectos y los efectos secundarios del triazolam.
Vacuna contra la tuberculosis
Tomar DHEA podría reducir los efectos de la vacuna contra la tuberculosis. No tome DHEA si está recibiendo una vacuna contra la tuberculosis.
Menores
Preste atención a esta combinación
Estrógenos
La DHEA puede aumentar los niveles de estrógeno en el cuerpo. La ingesta de DHEA junto con estrógeno puede causar demasiado estrógeno en el cuerpo.
Testosterona
Tomar DHEA con testosterona puede hacer que haya demasiada testosterona en el cuerpo. Esto podría aumentar los efectos y los efectos secundarios de la testosterona.

¿Existen interacciones con hierbas y suplementos?

Hierbas y suplementos que pueden retardar la coagulación sanguínea
La DHEA podría retardar la coagulación sanguínea y aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia. Tomarlo con otros suplementos con efectos similares podría aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia en algunas personas. Ejemplos de suplementos con este efecto incluyen ajo, jengibre, ginkgo, natokinasa y Panax ginseng.
Regaliz
El consumo de regaliz aumenta los niveles de DHEA en el cuerpo. La ingesta de regaliz con DHEA podría aumentar los efectos secundarios de la DHEA.
Soja
Anteriormente se pensaba que la soya podría disminuir los efectos de la DHEA, pero esto no parece ser una preocupación importante.

¿Existen interacciones con alimentos?

Anteriormente se pensaba que comer soya o una dieta alta en fibra podría disminuir los efectos de la DHEA, pero esto no parece ser una preocupación importante.

¿Como se usa normalmente?

La DHEA ha sido utilizada con mayor frecuencia por adultos en una dosis de 50 mg por vía oral al día durante un máximo de 1 año. La DHEA también está disponible en cremas tópicas y productos vaginales. Hable con un proveedor de atención médica para averiguar qué tipo de producto y dosis podrían ser los mejores para una condición específica.

Otros nombres

3b-Hidroxi-androst-5-eno-17-Uno, 3BetaHidroxi-androst-5-ene-17-uno, Androstenolona, Dehidroepiandrosterona, Déhydroépiandrostérone, DHEA-S, GL701, Prasterona, Prastérone.

Metodología

Para saber más sobre cómo este artículo fue escrito, refiérase a la metodología de la Base exhaustiva de datos de medicamentos naturales.

Referencias

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Documento revisado - 07/24/2023