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Biotina

¿Qué es?

La biotina (vitamina B7) es una vitamina que se encuentra en alimentos como huevos, leche y plátanos. La deficiencia de biotina puede causar adelgazamiento del cabello y sarpullido en la cara.

La biotina es una parte importante de las enzimas del cuerpo que descomponen sustancias como grasas, carbohidratos y otras. No existe una buena prueba para detectar niveles bajos de biotina, por lo que generalmente se identifica por sus síntomas, que incluyen adelgazamiento del cabello y sarpullido rojo y escamoso alrededor de los ojos, la nariz y la boca.

La biotina se usa para la deficiencia de biotina. También se usa comúnmente para la caída del cabello, las uñas quebradizas y otras afecciones, pero no existe una buena evidencia científica que respalde estos usos. Los suplementos de biotina pueden interferir con algunas pruebas de laboratorio. Hable con su médico si está tomando suplementos de biotina y necesita hacerse análisis de sangre.

¿Qué tan efectivo es?

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database (La Base Exhaustiva de Datos de Medicamentos Naturales) clasifica la eficacia, basada en evidencia científica, de acuerdo a la siguiente escala: Eficaz, Probablemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Ineficaz, Probablemente Ineficaz, Ineficaz, e Insuficiente Evidencia para Hacer una Determinación.

La clasificación de la eficacia para este producto es la siguiente:

Probablemente eficaz para...

  • Deficiencia de biotina. La ingesta de biotina por vía oral o mediante una inyección puede tratar y prevenir los niveles bajos de biotina en sangre. Se han utilizado hasta 10 mg de biotina por vía oral al día para tratar y prevenir la deficiencia. Solo un proveedor de atención médica puede administrar una inyección de biotina.

Posiblemente ineficaz para...

  • Esclerosis múltiple (EM). La ingesta de biotina en dosis altas no reduce la discapacidad en personas con EM. Tampoco parece afectar el riesgo de recaída.
  • Piel áspera y escamosa en el cuero cabelludo y la cara (dermatitis seborreica). La ingesta de biotina no parece ayudar a mejorar la erupción en los bebés.
Existe interés en usar biotina para otros propósitos, pero no hay suficiente información confiable para decir si podría ser útil.

¿Es seguro?

Cuando se toma por vía oral: Es probable que la biotina sea segura para la mayoría de las personas cuando se toma en dosis de hasta 300 mg al día durante un máximo de 6 meses. Pero se usa más comúnmente en dosis más bajas de 2.5 mg al día.

Cuando se aplica sobre la piel: La biotina probablemente sea segura para la mayoría de las personas cuando se aplica en productos cosméticos que contienen hasta un 0.6% de biotina.

Advertencias y precauciones especiales:

Embarazo y lactancia: Es probable que la biotina sea segura cuando se usa en las cantidades recomendadas durante el embarazo y la lactancia.

Niños: Es probable que la biotina sea segura cuando se toma por vía oral. Se ha utilizado de forma segura en dosis de 5 a 25 mcg al día.

Una condición hereditaria en la que el cuerpo no puede procesar la biotina (deficiencia de biotinidasa): Las personas con esta condición pueden tener niveles bajos de biotina y pueden necesitar un suplemento de biotina.

Diálisis renal: Las personas que reciben diálisis renal pueden tener niveles bajos de biotina y pueden necesitar un suplemento de biotina.

Fumar: Las personas que fuman pueden tener niveles bajos de biotina y pueden necesitar un suplemento de biotina.

Pruebas de laboratorio: La ingesta de suplementos de biotina puede interferir con los resultados de muchas pruebas de laboratorio de sangre diferentes. La biotina puede causar resultados de prueba falsamente altos o falsamente bajos. Esto puede dar lugar a diagnósticos incorrectos o perdidos. Informe a su médico si está tomando suplementos de biotina, especialmente si le harán análisis de laboratorio. Es posible que deba dejar de tomar biotina antes de su análisis de sangre. La mayoría de los multivitamínicos contienen dosis bajas de biotina, que es poco probable que interfieran con los análisis de sangre. Pero hable con su médico para estar seguro.

¿Existen interacciones con medicamentos?

No se sabe si este producto interactúa con algún medicamento.

Si está tomando medicamentos, converse con su proveedor de atención médica antes de empezar a tomar este producto.

¿Existen interacciones con hierbas y suplementos?

Ácido alfa lipoico
Tomar ácido alfa lipoico y biotina juntos puede reducir la absorción de ácido alfa lipoico y biotina en el cuerpo.
Vitamina B5 (ácido pantoténico)
Tomar biotina y vitamina B5 juntas puede reducir la absorción de biotina y vitamina B5 en el cuerpo.

¿Existen interacciones con alimentos?

Comer 2 o más claras de huevo crudas al día durante varios meses puede causar deficiencia de biotina. Las claras de huevo crudas se unen a la biotina en el estómago y evitan que el cuerpo la absorba.

¿Como se usa normalmente?

Se encuentran pequeñas cantidades de biotina en alimentos como huevos, leche y plátanos. Se recomienda que los adultos consuman 30 mcg al día. Se debe consumir la misma cantidad durante el embarazo. Durante la lactancia, se deben consumir 35 mcg al día. Las cantidades recomendadas para niños dependen de la edad. Hable con un proveedor de atención médica para averiguar qué dosis podría ser la mejor para una condición específica.

Otros nombres

Biotine, Biotine-D, Coenzyme R, D-Biotin, Vitamin B7, Vitamin H, Vitamine B7, Vitamine H, W Factor, Cis-hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4-d]-imidazole-4-valeric Acid.

Metodología

Para saber más sobre cómo este artículo fue escrito, refiérase a la metodología de la Base exhaustiva de datos de medicamentos naturales.

Referencias

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Documento revisado - 12/07/2023