N-acetilcisteína (NAC)

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database (La Base Exhaustiva de Datos de Medicamentos Naturales) clasifica la eficacia, basada en evidencia científica, de acuerdo a la siguiente escala: Eficaz, Probablemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Ineficaz, Probablemente Ineficaz, Ineficaz, e Insuficiente Evidencia para Hacer una Determinación.

La clasificación de la eficacia para este producto es la siguiente:

Eficaz para...

• Envenenamiento por acetaminofén (Tylenol). La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína recetada por vía oral o intravenosa reduce la tasa de mortalidad y previene el daño permanente causado por la intoxicación por acetaminofén. Los productos recetados deben ser administrados por un proveedor de atención médica.
• Colapso pulmonar total o parcial (atelectasia). La inhalación de una forma recetada de N-acetilcisteína ayuda a tratar los pulmones colapsados causados por la obstrucción del moco. Los productos recetados deben ser administrados por un proveedor de atención médica.
• Pruebas de pulmón. La inhalación de una forma recetada de N-acetilcisteína es útil para preparar a las personas para las pruebas pulmonares de diagnóstico. Los productos recetados deben ser administrados por un proveedor de atención médica.
• Atención de personas con un tubo colocado en la tráquea (cuidado de la traqueotomía). La inhalación de una forma recetada de N-acetilcisteína ayuda a prevenir la formación de costras en personas con un tubo en la tráquea. Los productos recetados deben ser administrados por un proveedor de atención médica.

Posiblemente eficaz para...

• Dolor de pecho (angina). La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína por vía oral o intravenosa parece mejorar el dolor de pecho cuando se usa con el medicamento nitroglicerina. La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína por vía intravenosa también parece ayudar a prevenir la tolerancia a la nitroglicerina, pero podría aumentar el riesgo de dolores de cabeza y presión arterial baja. Los productos intravenosos solo pueden ser administrados por un proveedor de atención médica.
• Autismo. La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína podría mejorar la irritabilidad en niños y adolescentes con autismo. Pero no parece ayudar a otros síntomas del autismo.
• Hinchazón (inflamación) de las principales vías respiratorias del pulmón (bronquitis). La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína parece reducir la dificultad para respirar y la tos debido a esta afección. Además, la ingesta de N-acetilcisteína durante 3-36 meses parece prevenir los brotes.
• Una enfermedad pulmonar que dificulta la respiración (enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica o EPOC). La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína durante al menos 6 meses parece disminuir los brotes en aproximadamente un 40% en personas con EPOC de moderada a grave. Parece funcionar mejor en personas que aún no están tomando corticosteroides. En las personas con EPOC que necesitan ser hospitalizadas, la ingesta de N-acetilcisteína además del tratamiento regular ayuda a la recuperación.
• Daño renal causado por colorantes de contraste (nefropatía inducida por contraste). La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína, con o sin otros medicamentos, podría ayudar a prevenir problemas renales causados por los tintes que se usan durante algunos exámenes de rayos X. Pero solo parece ayudar en personas que ya tienen una función renal deficiente.
• Niveles altos de homocisteína en sangre (hiperhomocisteinemia). La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína parece reducir los niveles de homocisteína, un posible factor de riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca.
• Niveles altos de colesterol u otras grasas (lípidos) en la sangre (hiperlipidemia). La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína parece reducir los niveles de una grasa en sangre llamada lipoproteína (a) en personas con niveles altos de esta grasa en sangre.
• Toxicidad en personas que toman el fármaco contra el cáncer ifosfamida (Ifex). La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína parece ayudar a prevenir los efectos secundarios del fármaco contra el cáncer ifosfamida. Pero un medicamento llamado mesna parece funcionar mejor que la N-acetilcisteína.
• Gripe (influenza). La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína parece reducir los síntomas de la gripe.
• Insuficiencia renal. La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína parece ayudar a prevenir problemas como ataques cardíacos y accidentes cerebrovasculares en personas con insuficiencia renal.
• Ataque cardíaco. La administración de N-acetilcisteína por vía intravenosa junto con el fármaco nitroglicerina parece ayudar a mantener la función cardíaca y reducir el daño cardíaco en personas que sufren un ataque cardíaco. A veces, el fármaco estreptoquinasa también se usa junto con N-acetilcisteína y nitroglicerina. Los productos intravenosos solo pueden ser administrados por un proveedor de atención médica.

Posiblemente ineficaz para...

• Enfermedad de Lou Gehrig (esclerosis lateral amiotrófica o ELA). La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína por vía intravenosa no parece mejorar los síntomas de la ELA. Los productos intravenosos solo pueden ser administrados por un proveedor de atención médica.
• Daño cardíaco causado por ciertos medicamentos contra el cáncer (cardiotoxicidad por antraciclina). La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína no parece prevenir ni tratar el daño cardíaco causado por la doxorrubicina.
• Una enfermedad pulmonar que afecta a los recién nacidos (displasia broncopulmonar). La administración de N-acetilcisteína a través de un orificio en la tráquea no parece prevenir los problemas respiratorios en los bebés prematuros. Esto solo puede ser administrado por un proveedor de atención médica.
• Trastorno por consumo de cannabis. La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína no parece mejorar la depresión ni ayudar a reducir el consumo de cannabis en adolescentes y adultos con trastorno por consumo de cannabis.
• Fibrosis quística. La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína o la inhalación no parece mejorar la función pulmonar en personas con fibrosis quística.
• Un trastorno hereditario marcado por la sensibilidad a la luz (protoporfiria eritropoyética o EPP). La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína no parece reducir la sensibilidad a la luz en personas con EPP.
• Una infección del tracto digestivo que puede provocar úlceras (Helicobacter pylori o H. pylori). La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína junto con los tratamientos habituales para la infección por H. pylori no ayuda a eliminar la infección mejor que el tratamiento habitual.
• Hinchazón (inflamación) del hígado (hepatitis). La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína no parece ayudar a tratar la hepatitis viral. Tampoco parece mejorar la respuesta a la terapia con interferón en personas con hepatitis C. Pero podría ayudar a prevenir recaídas en personas con hepatitis C.
• VIH / SIDA. La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína no parece mejorar la función inmunológica ni reducir la cantidad de virus en el cuerpo en la mayoría de las personas con VIH.
• Presión arterial baja. La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína no parece reducir el riesgo de insuficiencia renal en personas con presión arterial baja a largo plazo.
• Incapacidad para quedar embarazada dentro de un año de intentar concebir (infertilidad). La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína no parece mejorar la tasa de embarazo o la tasa de aborto espontáneo en mujeres con problemas de fertilidad.
• Trasplante de hígado. La administración de N-acetilcisteína por vía intravenosa durante la cirugía de donante de hígado no parece prevenir el rechazo del trasplante en los receptores de trasplante de hígado. Los productos intravenosos solo pueden ser administrados por un proveedor de atención médica.
• Hinchazón (inflamación) del páncreas (pancreatitis). La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína no previene la pancreatitis en personas que se someten a un procedimiento determinado que puede causar inflamación del páncreas. Además, la ingesta de N-acetilcisteína por vía intravenosa junto con selenio y vitamina C no parece mejorar la función del páncreas en personas con pancreatitis grave. Los productos intravenosos solo pueden ser administrados por un proveedor de atención médica.
• Recuperación después de la cirugía. La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína por vía oral o intravenosa no parece reducir el riesgo de ataque cardíaco, accidente cerebrovascular, lesión renal o muerte después de una cirugía cardíaca. Los productos intravenosos solo pueden ser administrados por un proveedor de atención médica.

Probablemente ineficaz para...

• Cáncer de cabeza y cuello. La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína no previene nuevos tumores ni mejora la supervivencia en personas con cáncer de cabeza y cuello.
• Cáncer de pulmón. La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína no previene nuevos tumores ni mejora la supervivencia en personas con cáncer de pulmón.
• Fallo multiorgánico. La administración de N-acetilcisteína por vía intravenosa podría aumentar el riesgo de muerte en personas con insuficiencia orgánica múltiple. Los productos intravenosos solo pueden ser administrados por un proveedor de atención médica.

Advertencias y precauciones especiales:

Serias

No tome esta combinación

Nitroglicerina

La nitroglicerina puede dilatar los vasos sanguíneos y aumentar el flujo sanguíneo. La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína parece aumentar los efectos de la nitroglicerina. Esto podría aumentar el riesgo de efectos secundarios como dolor de cabeza, mareos y aturdimiento.

Moderadas

Tenga cuidado con esta combinación

Carbón activado

A veces, el carbón activado se usa para prevenir el envenenamiento en personas que toman demasiado acetaminofén (Tylenol) u otros medicamentos. La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína al mismo tiempo que el carbón activado podría disminuir su eficacia para prevenir el envenenamiento.

Cloroquina (Aralen)

La cloroquina es un medicamento que se usa para tratar la malaria. La N-acetilcisteína podría reducir los efectos de la cloroquina contra la malaria.

Medicamentos para la presión arterial alta (medicamentos antihipertensivos)

La N-acetilcisteína podría reducir la presión arterial. La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína junto con medicamentos que reducen la presión arterial puede hacer que la presión arterial baje demasiado. Controle su presión arterial de cerca.

Medicamentos que retardan la coagulación de la sangre (medicamentos anticoagulantes / antiplaquetarios)

La N-acetilcisteína podría retardar la coagulación sanguínea. La ingesta de N-acetilcisteína junto con medicamentos que también retardan la coagulación de la sangre puede aumentar el riesgo de hematomas y hemorragias.

Hierbas y suplementos que pueden reducir la presión arterial

La N-acetilcisteína podría reducir la presión arterial. Tomarlo con otros suplementos que tienen el mismo efecto puede hacer que la presión arterial baje demasiado. Ejemplos de suplementos con este efecto incluyen andrographis, péptidos de caseína, L-arginina, niacina y ortiga.

Hierbas y suplementos que pueden retardar la coagulación sanguínea

La N-acetilcisteína podría retardar la coagulación sanguínea y aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia. Tomarlo con otros suplementos con efectos similares podría aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia en algunas personas. Ejemplos de suplementos con este efecto incluyen ajo, jengibre, ginkgo, natokinasa y Panax ginseng.

No se conoce ninguna interacción con alimentos.

Para saber más sobre cómo este artículo fue escrito, refiérase a la metodología de la Base exhaustiva de datos de medicamentos naturales.

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270. Leung, K. S. and Cottler, L. B. Treatment of pathological gambling. Curr Opin.Psychiatry 2009;22:69-74. View abstract.
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276. Hart, A. M., Terenghi, G., and Wiberg, M. Neuronal death after peripheral nerve injury and experimental strategies for neuroprotection. Neurol.Res. 2008;30:999-1011. View abstract.
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278. Heng, A. E., Cellarier, E., Aublet-Cuvelier, B., Decalf, V., Motreff, P., Marcaggi, X., Deteix, P., and Souweine, B. Is treatment with N-acetylcysteine to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy when using bicarbonate hydration out of date? Clin Nephrol. 2008;70:475-484. View abstract.
279. ten Dam, M. A. and Wetzels, J. F. Toxicity of contrast media: an update. Neth.J Med 2008;66:416-422. View abstract.
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281. Moradi, M., Mojtahedzadeh, M., Mandegari, A., Soltan-Sharifi, M. S., Najafi, A., Khajavi, M. R., Hajibabayee, M., and Ghahremani, M. H. The role of glutathione-S-transferase polymorphisms on clinical outcome of ALI/ARDS patient treated with N-acetylcysteine. Respir.Med 2009;103:434-441. View abstract.
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283. Carbonell, N., Blasco, M., Sanjuan, R., Perez-Sancho, E., Sanchis, J., Insa, L., Bodi, V., Nunez, J., Garcia-Ramon, R., and Miguel, A. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine for preventing contrast-induced nephropathy: a randomised trial. Int J Cardiol. 1-31-2007;115:57-62. View abstract.
284. Amin, A. F., Shaaban, O. M., and Bediawy, M. A. N-acetyl cysteine for treatment of recurrent unexplained pregnancy loss. Reprod.Biomed.Online. 2008;17:722-726. View abstract.
285. Shahin, A. Y., Hassanin, I. M., Ismail, A. M., Kruessel, J. S., and Hirchenhain, J. Effect of oral N-acetyl cysteine on recurrent preterm labor following treatment for bacterial vaginosis. Int J Gynaecol.Obstet. 2009;104:44-48. View abstract.
286. Ghanei, M., Shohrati, M., Jafari, M., Ghaderi, S., Alaeddini, F., and Aslani, J. N-acetylcysteine improves the clinical conditions of mustard gas-exposed patients with normal pulmonary function test. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2008;103:428-432. View abstract.
287. Bridgeman, M. M., Marsden, M., MacNee, W., Flenley, D. C., and Ryle, A. P. Cysteine and glutathione concentrations in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after treatment with N-acetylcysteine. Thorax 1991;46:39-42. View abstract.
288. Maioli, M., Toso, A., Leoncini, M., Gallopin, M., Tedeschi, D., Micheletti, C., and Bellandi, F. Sodium bicarbonate versus saline for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with renal dysfunction undergoing coronary angiography or intervention. J.Am.Coll.Cardiol. 8-19-2008;52:599-604. View abstract.
289. Peker, O., Peker, T., Erdogan, D., Ozaydin, M., Kapan, S., Sutcu, R., and Ibrisim, E. Effects of intravenous N-acetylcysteine on periprocedural myocardial injury after on-pump coronary artery by-pass grafting. J Cardiovasc.Surg (Torino) 2008;49:527-531. View abstract.
290. Ho, K. M. and Morgan, D. J. Meta-analysis of N-acetylcysteine to prevent acute renal failure after major surgery. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009;53:33-40. View abstract.
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292. Berk, M., Copolov, D. L., Dean, O., Lu, K., Jeavons, S., Schapkaitz, I., Anderson-Hunt, M., and Bush, A. I. N-acetyl cysteine for depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder--a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Biol Psychiatry 9-15-2008;64:468-475. View abstract.
293. Adabag, A. S., Ishani, A., Koneswaran, S., Johnson, D. J., Kelly, R. F., Ward, H. B., McFalls, E. O., Bloomfield, H. E., and Chandrashekhar, Y. Utility of N-acetylcysteine to prevent acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Am Heart J 2008;155:1143-1149. View abstract.
294. Guijarro, L. G., Mate, J., Gisbert, J. P., Perez-Calle, J. L., Marin-Jimenez, I., Arriaza, E., Olleros, T., Delgado, M., Castillejo, M. S., Prieto-Merino, D., Gonzalez, Lara, V, and Pena, A. S. N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. World J Gastroenterol. 5-14-2008;14:2851-2857. View abstract.
295. Berk, M., Copolov, D., Dean, O., Lu, K., Jeavons, S., Schapkaitz, I., Anderson-Hunt, M., Judd, F., Katz, F., Katz, P., Ording-Jespersen, S., Little, J., Conus, P., Cuenod, M., Do, K. Q., and Bush, A. I. N-acetyl cysteine as a glutathione precursor for schizophrenia--a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Biol Psychiatry 9-1-2008;64:361-368. View abstract.
296. Barr, L. F. and Kolodner, K. N-acetylcysteine and fenoldopam protect the renal function of patients with chronic renal insufficiency undergoing cardiac surgery. Crit Care Med 2008;36:1427-1435. View abstract.
297. Venkataraman, R. Can we prevent acute kidney injury? Crit Care Med 2008;36(4 Suppl):S166-S171. View abstract.
298. Ivanovski, O., Nikolov, I. G., Drueke, B. T., and Massy, A. Z. Atherosclerosis and vascular calcification in uraemia - a new experimental model. Prilozi. 2007;28:11-24. View abstract.
299. Stenstrom, D. A., Muldoon, L. L., Armijo-Medina, H., Watnick, S., Doolittle, N. D., Kaufman, J. A., Peterson, D. R., Bubalo, J., and Neuwelt, E. A. N-acetylcysteine use to prevent contrast medium-induced nephropathy: premature phase III trials. J Vasc.Interv.Radiol. 2008;19:309-318. View abstract.
300. Vats, P., Singh, V. K., Singh, S. N., and Singh, S. B. High altitude induced anorexia: effect of changes in leptin and oxidative stress levels. Nutr Neurosci. 2007;10(5-6):243-249. View abstract.
301. Ozaydin, M., Peker, O., Erdogan, D., Kapan, S., Turker, Y., Varol, E., Ozguner, F., Dogan, A., and Ibrisim, E. N-acetylcysteine for the prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. Eur.Heart J 2008;29:625-631. View abstract.
302. Yilmaz, H., Sahin, S., Sayar, N., Tangurek, B., Yilmaz, M., Nurkalem, Z., Onturk, E., Cakmak, N., and Bolca, O. Effects of folic acid and N-acetylcysteine on plasma homocysteine levels and endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease. Acta Cardiol. 2007;62:579-585. View abstract.
303. Reid, M. B. Free radicals and muscle fatigue: Of ROS, canaries, and the IOC. Free Radic.Biol Med 1-15-2008;44:169-179. View abstract.
304. Sisillo, E., Ceriani, R., Bortone, F., Juliano, G., Salvi, L., Veglia, F., Fiorentini, C., and Marenzi, G. N-acetylcysteine for prevention of acute renal failure in patients with chronic renal insufficiency undergoing cardiac surgery: a prospective, randomized, clinical trial. Crit Care Med 2008;36:81-86. View abstract.
305. Rahman, I. Antioxidant therapies in COPD. Int.J Chron.Obstruct.Pulmon.Dis. 2006;1:15-29. View abstract.
306. Shohrati, M., Aslani, J., Eshraghi, M., Alaedini, F., and Ghanei, M. Therapeutics effect of N-acetyl cysteine on mustard gas exposed patients: evaluating clinical aspect in patients with impaired pulmonary function test. Respir.Med 2008;102:443-448. View abstract.
307. Maioli, M., Toso, A., Leoncini, M., Gallopin, M., Tedeschi, D., Micheletti, C., and Bellandi, F. Sodium bicarbonate versus saline for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with renal dysfunction undergoing coronary angiography or intervention. J Am Coll.Cardiol. 8-19-2008;52:599-604. View abstract.
308. Ferreira, L. F. and Reid, M. B. Muscle-derived ROS and thiol regulation in muscle fatigue. J Appl Physiol 2008;104:853-860. View abstract.
309. Lavoie, S., Murray, M. M., Deppen, P., Knyazeva, M. G., Berk, M., Boulat, O., Bovet, P., Bush, A. I., Conus, P., Copolov, D., Fornari, E., Meuli, R., Solida, A., Vianin, P., Cuenod, M., Buclin, T., and Do, K. Q. Glutathione precursor, N-acetyl-cysteine, improves mismatch negativity in schizophrenia patients. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008;33:2187-2199. View abstract.
310. Fishbane, S. N-acetylcysteine in the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;3:281-287. View abstract.
311. Gonzales, D. A., Norsworthy, K. J., Kern, S. J., Banks, S., Sieving, P. C., Star, R. A., Natanson, C., and Danner, R. L. A meta-analysis of N-acetylcysteine in contrast-induced nephrotoxicity: unsupervised clustering to resolve heterogeneity. BMC.Med 2007;5:32. View abstract.
312. Zoccali, C., Mallamaci, F., and Tripepi, G. It is important to lower homocysteine in dialysis patients. Semin.Dial. 2007;20:530-533. View abstract.
313. Soltan-Sharifi, M. S., Mojtahedzadeh, M., Najafi, A., Reza, Khajavi M., Reza, Rouini M., Moradi, M., Mohammadirad, A., and Abdollahi, M. Improvement by N-acetylcysteine of acute respiratory distress syndrome through increasing intracellular glutathione, and extracellular thiol molecules and anti-oxidant power: evidence for underlying toxicological mechanisms. Hum Exp.Toxicol. 2007;26:697-703. View abstract.
314. Wijeysundera, D. N., Beattie, W. S., Rao, V., Granton, J. T., and Chan, C. T. N-acetylcysteine for preventing acute kidney injury in cardiac surgery patients with pre-existing moderate renal insufficiency. Can J Anaesth. 2007;54:872-881. View abstract.
315. Sanders, K. M., Kotowicz, M. A., and Nicholson, G. C. Potential role of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine in slowing bone resorption in early post-menopausal women: a pilot study. Transl.Res 2007;150:215. View abstract.
316. Barreto, R. Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: the rational use of sodium bicarbonate. Nephrol.Nurs.J 2007;34:417-421. View abstract.
317. Baranska-Kosakowska, A., Zakliczynski, M., Przybylski, R., and Zembala, M. Role of N-acetylcysteine on renal function in patients after orthotopic heart transplantation undergoing coronary angiography. Transplant.Proc 2007;39:2853-2855. View abstract.
318. Ozcan, E. E., Guneri, S., Akdeniz, B., Akyildiz, I. Z., Senaslan, O., Baris, N., Aslan, O., and Badak, O. Sodium bicarbonate, N-acetylcysteine, and saline for prevention of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy. A comparison of 3 regimens for protecting contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary procedures. A single-center prospective controlled trial. Am Heart J 2007;154:539-544. View abstract.
319. Poletti, P. A., Saudan, P., Platon, A., Mermillod, B., Sautter, A. M., Vermeulen, B., Sarasin, F. P., Becker, C. D., and Martin, P. Y. I.v. N-acetylcysteine and emergency CT: use of serum creatinine and cystatin C as markers of radiocontrast nephrotoxicity. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;189:687-692. View abstract.
320. Gass, J. T. and Olive, M. F. Glutamatergic substrates of drug addiction and alcoholism. Biochem.Pharmacol 1-1-2008;75:218-265. View abstract.
321. Rosner, M. H. and Okusa, M. D. Acute kidney injury associated with cardiac surgery. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;1:19-32. View abstract.
322. Chen, N., Aleksa, K., Woodland, C., Rieder, M., and Koren, G. Prevention of ifosfamide nephrotoxicity by N-acetylcysteine: clinical pharmacokinetic considerations. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2007;14:e246-e250. View abstract.
323. Gawenda, M., Moller, A., Wassmer, G., and Brunkwall, J. [Prophylaxis of contrast-induced nephropathy with N-acetylcysteine]. Zentralbl.Chir 2007;132:227-231. View abstract.
324. LaRowe, S. D., Myrick, H., Hedden, S., Mardikian, P., Saladin, M., McRae, A., Brady, K., Kalivas, P. W., and Malcolm, R. Is cocaine desire reduced by N-acetylcysteine? Am J Psychiatry 2007;164:1115-1117. View abstract.
325. Grimble, G. K. Adverse gastrointestinal effects of arginine and related amino acids. J Nutr 2007;137(6 Suppl 2):1693S-1701S. View abstract.
326. Zagler, A., Azadpour, M., Mercado, C., and Hennekens, C. H. N-acetylcysteine and contrast-induced nephropathy: a meta-analysis of 13 randomized trials. Am Heart J 2006;151:140-145. View abstract.
327. Sandhu, C., Belli, A. M., and Oliveira, D. B. The role of N-acetylcysteine in the prevention of contrast-induced nephrotoxicity. Cardiovasc.Intervent.Radiol. 2006;29:344-347. View abstract.
328. di Mario, F., Cavallaro, L. G., Nouvenne, A., Stefani, N., Cavestro, G. M., Iori, V., Maino, M., Comparato, G., Fanigliulo, L., Morana, E., Pilotto, A., Martelli, L., Martelli, M., Leandro, G., and Franze, A. A curcumin-based 1-week triple therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection: something to learn from failure? Helicobacter. 2007;12:238-243. View abstract.
329. Al-Ghonaim, M. and Pannu, N. Prevention and treatment of contrast-induced nephropathy. Tech.Vasc.Interv.Radiol. 2006;9:42-49. View abstract.
330. Grant, J. E., Kim, S. W., and Odlaug, B. L. N-acetyl cysteine, a glutamate-modulating agent, in the treatment of pathological gambling: a pilot study. Biol Psychiatry 9-15-2007;62:652-657. View abstract.
331. Haase, M., Haase-Fielitz, A., Bagshaw, S. M., Reade, M. C., Morgera, S., Seevenayagam, S., Matalanis, G., Buxton, B., Doolan, L., and Bellomo, R. Phase II, randomized, controlled trial of high-dose N-acetylcysteine in high-risk cardiac surgery patients. Crit Care Med 2007;35:1324-1331. View abstract.
332. Recio-Mayoral, A., Chaparro, M., Prado, B., Cozar, R., Mendez, I., Banerjee, D., Kaski, J. C., Cubero, J., and Cruz, J. M. The reno-protective effect of hydration with sodium bicarbonate plus N-acetylcysteine in patients undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention: the RENO Study. J.Am.Coll.Cardiol. 3-27-2007;49:1283-1288. View abstract.
333. Badawy, A., State, O., and Abdelgawad, S. N-Acetyl cysteine and clomiphene citrate for induction of ovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome: a cross-over trial. Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand 2007;86:218-222. View abstract.
334. Sutherland, E. R., Crapo, J. D., and Bowler, R. P. N-acetylcysteine and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. COPD. 2006;3:195-202. View abstract.
335. Siriwardena, A. K., Mason, J. M., Balachandra, S., Bagul, A., Galloway, S., Formela, L., Hardman, J. G., and Jamdar, S. Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial of intravenous antioxidant (n-acetylcysteine, selenium, vitamin C) therapy in severe acute pancreatitis. Gut 2007;56:1439-1444. View abstract.
336. Elnashar, A., Fahmy, M., Mansour, A., and Ibrahim, K. N-acetyl cysteine vs. metformin in treatment of clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective randomized controlled study. Fertil.Steril. 2007;88:406-409. View abstract.
337. Thanopoulou, E., Baltayiannis, N., and Lykogianni, V. Nutritional aspects regarding lung cancer chemoprevention. J BUON. 2006;11:7-20. View abstract.
338. Tolar, J., Orchard, P. J., Bjoraker, K. J., Ziegler, R. S., Shapiro, E. G., and Charnas, L. N-acetyl-L-cysteine improves outcome of advanced cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2007;39:211-215. View abstract.
339. Boesgaard, S., Aldershvile, J., and Poulsen, H. E. Preventive administration of intravenous N-acetylcysteine and development of tolerance to isosorbide dinitrate in patients with angina pectoris. Circulation 1992;85:143-149. View abstract.
340. Komisarof, J. A., Gilkey, G. M., Peters, D. M., Koudelka, C. W., Meyer, M. M., and Smith, S. M. N-acetylcysteine for patients with prolonged hypotension as prophylaxis for acute renal failure (NEPHRON). Crit Care Med 2007;35:435-441. View abstract.
341. El-Hamamsy, I., Stevens, L. M., Carrier, M., Pellerin, M., Bouchard, D., Demers, P., Cartier, R., Page, P., and Perrault, L. P. Effect of intravenous N-acetylcysteine on outcomes after coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Thorac.Cardiovasc.Surg 2007;133:7-12. View abstract.
342. Lawlor, D. K., Moist, L., DeRose, G., Harris, K. A., Lovell, M. B., Kribs, S. W., Elliot, J., and Forbes, T. L. Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in vascular surgery patients. Ann Vasc.Surg 2007;21:593-597. View abstract.
343. Thaha, M., Yogiantoro, M., and Tomino, Y. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine during haemodialysis reduces the plasma concentration of homocysteine in patients with end-stage renal disease. Clin Drug Investig. 2006;26:195-202. View abstract.
344. Rumiris, D., Purwosunu, Y., Wibowo, N., Farina, A., and Sekizawa, A. Lower rate of preeclampsia after antioxidant supplementation in pregnant women with low antioxidant status. Hypertens.Pregnancy. 2006;25:241-253. View abstract.
345. Soghier, L. M. and Brion, L. P. Cysteine, cystine or N-acetylcysteine supplementation in parenterally fed neonates. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2006;:CD004869. View abstract.
346. Moore, N. N., Lapsley, M., Norden, A. G., Firth, J. D., Gaunt, M. E., Varty, K., and Boyle, J. R. Does N-acetylcysteine prevent contrast-induced nephropathy during endovascular AAA repair? A randomized controlled pilot study. J Endovasc.Ther 2006;13:660-666. View abstract.
347. Kalebic, T., Kinter, A., Poli, G., Anderson, M. E., Meister, A., and Fauci, A. S. Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus expression in chronically infected monocytic cells by glutathione, glutathione ester, and N-acetylcysteine. Proc Natl.Acad.Sci U.S.A 2-1-1991;88:986-990. View abstract.
348. Ege, T., Eskiocak, S., Edis, M., and Duran, E. The role of N-acetylcysteine in lower extremity ischemia/reperfusions. J Cardiovasc.Surg (Torino) 2006;47:563-568. View abstract.
349. Schultz, M. J., Baas, M. C., van der Sluijs, H. P., Stamkot, G. A., and Smit, W. N-acetylcysteine and other preventive measures for contrast-induced nephropathy in the intensive care unit. Curr Med Chem. 2006;13:2565-2570. View abstract.
350. Stacul, F., Adam, A., Becker, C. R., Davidson, C., Lameire, N., McCullough, P. A., and Tumlin, J. Strategies to reduce the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy. Am J Cardiol. 9-18-2006;98(6A):59K-77K. View abstract.
351. Inoue, S., Yamamoto, I., Akieda, K., Sekiguchi, H., Otuka, H., Morita, S., Nakagawa, Y., and Inokuchi, S. [Alcohol abuse case of severe liver dysfunction induced by acetaminophen poisoning which was diagnosed as non-hepatic toxicity on admission]. Chudoku.Kenkyu 2006;19:265-271. View abstract.
352. Ristikankare, A., Kuitunen, T., Kuitunen, A., Uotila, L., Vento, A., Suojaranta-Ylinen, R., Salmenpera, M., and Poyhia, R. Lack of renoprotective effect of i.v. N-acetylcysteine in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2006;97:611-616. View abstract.
353. McKenna, M. J., Medved, I., Goodman, C. A., Brown, M. J., Bjorksten, A. R., Murphy, K. T., Petersen, A. C., Sostaric, S., and Gong, X. N-acetylcysteine attenuates the decline in muscle Na+,K+-pump activity and delays fatigue during prolonged exercise in humans. J Physiol 10-1-2006;576(Pt 1):279-288. View abstract.
354. Badawy, A., Baker El, Nashar A., and El, Totongy M. Clomiphene citrate plus N-acetyl cysteine versus clomiphene citrate for augmenting ovulation in the management of unexplained infertility: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Fertil.Steril. 2006;86:647-650. View abstract.
355. Rahman, I. and Adcock, I. M. Oxidative stress and redox regulation of lung inflammation in COPD. Eur.Respir.J 2006;28:219-242. View abstract.
356. Baker, C. S., Wragg, A., Kumar, S., De, Palma R., Baker, L. R., and Knight, C. J. A rapid protocol for the prevention of contrast-induced renal dysfunction: the RAPPID study. J Am Coll.Cardiol. 6-18-2003;41:2114-2118. View abstract.
357. Marenzi, G., Assanelli, E., Marana, I., Lauri, G., Campodonico, J., Grazi, M., De, Metrio M., Galli, S., Fabbiocchi, F., Montorsi, P., Veglia, F., and Bartorelli, A. L. N-acetylcysteine and contrast-induced nephropathy in primary angioplasty. N.Engl.J Med 6-29-2006;354:2773-2782. View abstract.
358. Pannu, N., Wiebe, N., and Tonelli, M. Prophylaxis strategies for contrast-induced nephropathy. JAMA 2006;295:2765-2779. View abstract.
359. Milewski, J., Rydzewska, G., Degowska, M., Kierzkiewicz, M., and Rydzewski, A. N-acetylcysteine does not prevent post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography hyperamylasemia and acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol. 6-21-2006;12:3751-3755. View abstract.
360. Meschi, M., Detrenis, S., Musini, S., Strada, E., and Savazzi, G. Facts and fallacies concerning the prevention of contrast medium-induced nephropathy. Crit Care Med 2006;34:2060-2068. View abstract.
361. Kramer, S., Dreisbach, L., Lockwood, J., Baldwin, K., Kopke, R., Scranton, S., and O'Leary, M. Efficacy of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in protecting ears exposed to loud music. J Am Acad.Audiol. 2006;17:265-278. View abstract.
362. Girardi, G. and Elias, M. M. Effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine in protecting against mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxicity. Toxicology 4-8-1991;67:155-164. View abstract.
363. Lameire, N. H. Contrast-induced nephropathy--prevention and risk reduction. Nephrol.Dial.Transplant. 2006;21:i11-i23. View abstract.
364. Hynninen, M. S., Niemi, T. T., Poyhia, R., Raininko, E. I., Salmenpera, M. T., Lepantalo, M. J., Railo, M. J., and Tallgren, M. K. N-acetylcysteine for the prevention of kidney injury in abdominal aortic surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Anesth.Analg. 2006;102:1638-1645. View abstract.
365. Gavish, D. and Breslow, J. L. Lipoprotein(a) reduction by N-acetylcysteine. Lancet 1-26-1991;337:203-204. View abstract.
366. Melzer, J., Saller, R., Schapowal, A., and Brignoli, R. Systematic review of clinical data with BNO-101 (Sinupret) in the treatment of sinusitis. Forsch Komplement.Med 2006;13:78-87. View abstract.
367. Coyle, L. C., Rodriguez, A., Jeschke, R. E., Simon-Lee, A., Abbott, K. C., and Taylor, A. J. Acetylcysteine In Diabetes (AID): a randomized study of acetylcysteine for the prevention of contrast nephropathy in diabetics. Am Heart J 2006;151:1032-12. View abstract.
368. Brok, J., Buckley, N., and Gluud, C. Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. Cochrane Database.Syst.Rev. 2006;:CD003328. View abstract.
369. Pannu, N. and Tonelli, M. Strategies to reduce the risk of contrast nephropathy: an evidence-based approach. Curr Opin.Nephrol.Hypertens. 2006;15:285-290. View abstract.
370. Niemi, T. T., Munsterhjelm, E., Poyhia, R., Hynninen, M. S., and Salmenpera, M. T. The effect of N-acetylcysteine on blood coagulation and platelet function in patients undergoing open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Blood Coagul.Fibrinolysis 2006;17:29-34. View abstract.
371. Tirouvanziam, R., Conrad, C. K., Bottiglieri, T., Herzenberg, L. A., Moss, R. B., and Herzenberg, L. A. High-dose oral N-acetylcysteine, a glutathione prodrug, modulates inflammation in cystic fibrosis. Proc Natl.Acad.Sci U.S.A 3-21-2006;103:4628-4633. View abstract.
372. Macedo, E., Abdulkader, R., Castro, I., Sobrinho, A. C., Yu, L., and Vieira, J. M., Jr. Lack of protection of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in acute renal failure related to elective aortic aneurysm repair-a randomized controlled trial. Nephrol.Dial.Transplant. 2006;21:1863-1869. View abstract.
373. Sandhu, C., Belli, A. M., and Oliveira, D. B. The role of N-acetylcysteine in the prevention of contrast-induced nephrotoxicity. Cardiovasc.Intervent.Radiol. 2006;29:344-347. View abstract.
374. Manov, I., Motanis, H., Frumin, I., and Iancu, T. C. Hepatotoxicity of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs: ultrastructural aspects. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2006;27:259-272. View abstract.
375. Lin, P. C., Lee, M. Y., Wang, W. S., Yen, C. C., Chao, T. C., Hsiao, L. T., Yang, M. H., Chen, P. M., Lin, K. P., and Chiou, T. J. N-acetylcysteine has neuroprotective effects against oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in colon cancer patients: preliminary data. Support.Care Cancer 2006;14:484-487. View abstract.
376. LaRowe, S. D., Mardikian, P., Malcolm, R., Myrick, H., Kalivas, P., McFarland, K., Saladin, M., McRae, A., and Brady, K. Safety and tolerability of N-acetylcysteine in cocaine-dependent individuals. Am J Addict. 2006;15:105-110. View abstract.
377. Orhan, G., Yapici, N., Yuksel, M., Sargin, M., Senay, S., Yalcin, A. S., Aykac, Z., and Aka, S. A. Effects of N-acetylcysteine on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in bypass surgery. Heart Vessels 2006;21:42-47. View abstract.
378. Yesilbursa, D., Serdar, A., Senturk, T., Serdar, Z., Sag, S., and Cordan, J. Effect of N-acetylcysteine on oxidative stress and ventricular function in patients with myocardial infarction. Heart Vessels 2006;21:33-37. View abstract.
379. Spiller, H. A., Winter, M. L., Klein-Schwartz, W., and Bangh, S. A. Efficacy of activated charcoal administered more than four hours after acetaminophen overdose. J Emerg.Med 2006;30:1-5. View abstract.
380. Koramaz, I., Pulathan, Z., Usta, S., Karahan, S. C., Alver, A., Yaris, E., Kalyoncu, N. I., and Ozcan, F. Cardioprotective effect of cold-blood cardioplegia enriched with N-acetylcysteine during coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac.Surg 2006;81:613-618. View abstract.
381. Sadowska, A. M., Keenoy, B., Vertongen, T., Schippers, G., Radomska-Lesniewska, D., Heytens, E., and De Backer, W. A. Effect of N-acetylcysteine on neutrophil activation markers in healthy volunteers: in vivo and in vitro study. Pharmacol Res 2006;53:216-225. View abstract.
382. Fung, J. W. S. C., Chan, W., Kum, W., and et al. Can N-acetylcysteine really prevent contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with chronic renal insufficiency? A randomized study and pooled analysis. Eur Heart J 2003;24(S136) View abstract.
383. Gurbuz, A. K., Ozel, A. M., Ozturk, R., Yildirim, S., Yazgan, Y., and Demirturk, L. Effect of N-acetyl cysteine on Helicobacter pylori. South.Med J 2005;98:1095-1097. View abstract.
384. Krishna, M. and Lalmuanpuii, J. Helicobacter pylori treatment. South.Med J 2005;98:1068. View abstract.
385. Foschino Barbaro, M. P., Serviddio, G., Resta, O., Rollo, T., Tamborra, R., Elisiana, Carpagnano G., Vendemiale, G., and Altomare, E. Oxygen therapy at low flow causes oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Prevention by N-acetyl cysteine. Free Radic.Res 2005;39:1111-1118. View abstract.
386. Ayonrinde, O. T., Phelps, G. J., Hurley, J. C., and Ayonrinde, O. A. Paracetamol overdose and hepatotoxicity at a regional Australian hospital: a 4-year experience. Intern Med J 2005;35:655-660. View abstract.
387. Roes, E. M., Raijmakers, M. T., Boo, T. M., Zusterzeel, P. L., Merkus, H. M., Peters, W. H., and Steegers, E. A. Oral N-acetylcysteine administration does not stabilise the process of established severe preeclampsia. Eur.J Obstet.Gynecol.Reprod.Biol 2006;127:61-67. View abstract.
388. Jepsen, S., Herlevsen, P., Knudsen, P., Bud, M. I., and Klausen, N. O. Antioxidant treatment with N-acetylcysteine during adult respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Crit Care Med 1992;20:918-923. View abstract.
389. Fischer, U. M., Tossios, P., and Mehlhorn, U. Renal protection by radical scavenging in cardiac surgery patients. Curr Med Res Opin. 2005;21:1161-1164. View abstract.
390. Bibi, H., Seifert, B., Oullette, M., and Belik, J. Intratracheal N-acetylcysteine use in infants with chronic lung disease. Acta Paediatr. 1992;81:335-339. View abstract.
391. Ng, T. M., Shurmur, S. W., Silver, M., Nissen, L. R., O'Leary, E. L., Rigmaiden, R. S., Cieciorka, M., Porter, L. L., Ineck, B. A., Kline, M. E., and Puumala, S. E. Comparison of N-acetylcysteine and fenoldopam for preventing contrast-induced nephropathy (CAFCIN). Int J Cardiol. 5-24-2006;109:322-328. View abstract.
392. Burns, K. E., Chu, M. W., Novick, R. J., Fox, S. A., Gallo, K., Martin, C. M., Stitt, L. W., Heidenheim, A. P., Myers, M. L., and Moist, L. Perioperative N-acetylcysteine to prevent renal dysfunction in high-risk patients undergoing cabg surgery: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 7-20-2005;294:342-350. View abstract.
393. Khan, A. W., Fuller, B. J., Shah, S. R., Davidson, B. R., and Rolles, K. A prospective randomized trial of N-acetyl cysteine administration during cold preservation of the donor liver for transplantation. Ann.Hepatol 2005;4:121-126. View abstract.
394. Saricaoglu, F., Dal, D., Salman, A. E., Atay, O. A., Doral, M. N., Salman, M. A., Kilinc, K., and Aypar, U. Effect of low-dose N-acetyl-cysteine infusion on tourniquet-induced ischaemia-reperfusion injury in arthroscopic knee surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol.Scand 2005;49:847-851. View abstract.
395. Decramer, M., Rutten-van, Molken M., Dekhuijzen, P. N., Troosters, T., van, Herwaarden C., Pellegrino, R., van Schayck, C. P., Olivieri, D., Del, Donno M., De, Backer W., Lankhorst, I., and Ardia, A. Effects of N-acetylcysteine on outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Bronchitis Randomized on NAC Cost-Utility Study, BRONCUS): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 4-30-2005;365:1552-1560. View abstract.
396. Treitinger, A., Spada, C., Masokawa, I. Y., Verdi, J. C., Van Der Sander, Silveira M., Luis, M. C., Reis, M., Ferreira, S. I., and Abdalla, D. S. Effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on lymphocyte apoptosis, lymphocyte viability, TNF-alpha and IL-8 in HIV-infected patients undergoing anti-retroviral treatment. Braz.J Infect.Dis 2004;8:363-371. View abstract.
397. Kerr, F., Dawson, A., Whyte, I. M., Buckley, N., Murray, L., Graudins, A., Chan, B., and Trudinger, B. The Australasian Clinical Toxicology Investigators Collaboration randomized trial of different loading infusion rates of N-acetylcysteine. Ann Emerg.Med 2005;45:402-408. View abstract.
398. Rizk, A. Y., Bedaiwy, M. A., and Al Inany, H. G. N-acetyl-cysteine is a novel adjuvant to clomiphene citrate in clomiphene citrate-resistant patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil.Steril. 2005;83:367-370. View abstract.
399. Azmus, A. D., Gottschall, C., Manica, A., Manica, J., Duro, K., Frey, M., Bulcao, L., and Lima, C. Effectiveness of acetylcysteine in prevention of contrast nephropathy. J Invasive.Cardiol. 2005;17:80-84. View abstract.
400. Huynh, H. Q., Couper, R. T., Tran, C. D., Moore, L., Kelso, R., and Butler, R. N. N-acetylcysteine, a novel treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection. Dig.Dis.Sci 2004;49(11-12):1853-1861. View abstract.
401. Peristeris, P., Clark, B. D., Gatti, S., Faggioni, R., Mantovani, A., Mengozzi, M., Orencole, S. F., Sironi, M., and Ghezzi, P. N-acetylcysteine and glutathione as inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor production. Cell Immunol. 1992;140:390-399. View abstract.
402. Webb, J. G., Pate, G. E., Humphries, K. H., Buller, C. E., Shalansky, S., Al, Shamari A., Sutander, A., Williams, T., Fox, R. S., and Levin, A. A randomized controlled trial of intravenous N-acetylcysteine for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy after cardiac catheterization: lack of effect. Am.Heart J 2004;148:422-429. View abstract.
403. El, Mahmoud R., Le, Feuvre C., Le Quan Sang, K. H., Helft, G., Beygui, F., Batisse, J. P., and Metzger, J. P. [Absence of nephro-protective effect of acetylcysteine in patients with chronic renal failure investigated by coronary angiography]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 2003;96:1157-1161. View abstract.
404. Ochoa, A., Pellizzon, G., Addala, S., Grines, C., Isayenko, Y., Boura, J., Rempinski, D., O'Neill, W., and Kahn, J. Abbreviated dosing of N-acetylcysteine prevents contrast-induced nephropathy after elective and urgent coronary angiography and intervention. J Interv.Cardiol. 2004;17:159-165. View abstract.
405. Kilic-Okman, T. and Kucuk, M. N-acetyl-cysteine treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2004;85:296-297. View abstract.
406. Fung, J. W., Szeto, C. C., Chan, W. W., Kum, L. C., Chan, A. K., Wong, J. T., Wu, E. B., Yip, G. W., Chan, J. Y., Yu, C. M., Woo, K. S., and Sanderson, J. E. Effect of N-acetylcysteine for prevention of contrast nephropathy in patients with moderate to severe renal insufficiency: a randomized trial. Am.J Kidney Dis. 2004;43:801-808. View abstract.
407. Agarwal, A., Munoz-Najar, U., Klueh, U., Shih, S. C., and Claffey, K. P. N-acetyl-cysteine promotes angiostatin production and vascular collapse in an orthotopic model of breast cancer. Am.J.Pathol. 2004;164:1683-1696. View abstract.
408. Majano, P. L., Medina, J., Zubia, I., Sunyer, L., Lara-Pezzi, E., Maldonado-Rodriguez, A., Lopez-Cabrera, M., and Moreno-Otero, R. N-Acetyl-cysteine modulates inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in human hepatocytes. J.Hepatol. 2004;40:632-637. View abstract.
409. Sucu, N., Cinel, I., Unlu, A., Aytacoglu, B., Tamer, L., Kocak, Z., Karaca, K., Gul, A., Dikmengil, M., Atik, U., and Oral, U. N-acetylcysteine for preventing pump-induced oxidoinflammatory response during cardiopulmonary bypass. Surg Today 2004;34:237-242. View abstract.
410. Goldenberg, I., Shechter, M., Matetzky, S., Jonas, M., Adam, M., Pres, H., Elian, D., Agranat, O., Schwammenthal, E., and Guetta, V. Oral acetylcysteine as an adjunct to saline hydration for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy following coronary angiography. A randomized controlled trial and review of the current literature. Eur.Heart J 2004;25:212-218. View abstract.
411. Kleinveld, H. A., Demacker, P. N., and Stalenhoef, A. F. Failure of N-acetylcysteine to reduce low-density lipoprotein oxidizability in healthy subjects. Eur.J Clin Pharmacol 1992;43:639-642. View abstract.
412. Eren, N., Cakir, O., Oruc, A., Kaya, Z., and Erdinc, L. Effects of N-acetylcysteine on pulmonary function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Perfusion 2003;18:345-350. View abstract.
413. Kefer, J. M., Hanet, C. E., Boitte, S., Wilmotte, L., and De, Kock M. Acetylcysteine, coronary procedure and prevention of contrast-induced worsening of renal function: which benefit for which patient? Acta Cardiol. 2003;58:555-560. View abstract.
414. Gunduz, H., Karabay, O., Tamer, A., Ozaras, R., Mert, A., and Tabak, O. F. N-acetyl cysteine therapy in acute viral hepatitis. World J.Gastroenterol. 2003;9:2698-2700. View abstract.
415. Tossios, P., Bloch, W., Huebner, A., Raji, M. R., Dodos, F., Klass, O., Suedkamp, M., Kasper, S. M., Hellmich, M., and Mehlhorn, U. N-acetylcysteine prevents reactive oxygen species-mediated myocardial stress in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Thorac.Cardiovasc.Surg 2003;126:1513-1520. View abstract.
416. Ahola, T., Lapatto, R., Raivio, K. O., Selander, B., Stigson, L., Jonsson, B., Jonsbo, F., Esberg, G., Stovring, S., Kjartansson, S., Stiris, T., Lossius, K., Virkola, K., and Fellman, V. N-acetylcysteine does not prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in immature infants: a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr 2003;143:713-719. View abstract.
417. Efrati, S., Dishy, V., Averbukh, M., Blatt, A., Krakover, R., Weisgarten, J., Morrow, J. D., Stein, M. C., and Golik, A. The effect of N-acetylcysteine on renal function, nitric oxide, and oxidative stress after angiography. Kidney Int 2003;64:2182-2187. View abstract.
418. MacNeill, B. D., Harding, S. A., Bazari, H., Patton, K. K., Colon-Hernadez, P., DeJoseph, D., and Jang, I. K. Prophylaxis of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Catheter.Cardiovasc.Interv. 2003;60:458-461. View abstract.
419. STAMM, S. J. and DOCTER, J. CLINICAL EVALUATION OF ACETYLCYSTEINE AS A MUCOLYTIC AGENT IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS. Dis.Chest 1965;47:414-420. View abstract.
420. REAS, H. W. THE USE OF N-ACETYLCYSTEINE IN THE TREATMENT OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS. J Pediatr 1964;65:542-557. View abstract.
421. BERNSTEIN, I. L. and AUSDENMOORE, R. W. IATROGENIC BRONCHOSPASM OCCURRING DURING CLINICAL TRIALS OF A NEW MUCOLYTIC AGENT, ACETYLCYSTEINE. Dis.Chest 1964;46:469-473. View abstract.
422. Sheffner, A. L., Medler, E. M., JACOBS, L. W., and Sarett, H. P. THE IN VITRO REDUCTION IN VISCOSITY OF HUMAN TRACHEOBRONCHIAL SECRETIONS BY ACETYLCYSTEINE. Am Rev.Respir.Dis. 1964;90:721-729. View abstract.
423. de, Quay B., Malinverni, R., and Lauterburg, B. H. Glutathione depletion in HIV-infected patients: role of cysteine deficiency and effect of oral N-acetylcysteine. AIDS 1992;6:815-819. View abstract.
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425. Reynard, K., Riley, A., and Walker, B. E. Respiratory arrest after N-acetylcysteine for paracetamol overdose. Lancet 9-12-1992;340:675. View abstract.
426. Sunman, W., Hughes, A. D., and Sever, P. S. Anaphylactoid response to intravenous acetylcysteine. Lancet 5-16-1992;339:1231-1232. View abstract.
427. Bijlmer-Iest, J. C., Baart, de la Faille, van Asbeck, B. S., van, Hattum J., van, Weelden H., Marx, J. J., and Koningsberger, J. C. Protoporphyrin photosensitivity cannot be attenuated by oral N-acetylcysteine. Photodermatol.Photoimmunol.Photomed. 1992;9:245-249. View abstract.
428. Ballke, E. H., Wiersbitzky, S., Mahner, B., and Konig, A. The effect of N-acetyl-cysteine (Mucosolvin) on the transmural potential difference of the mucosa in children. Padiatr.Grenzgeb. 1992;31:97-101. View abstract.
429. Kinter, A. L., Poli, G., and Fauci, A. S. N-acetyl-cysteine is a potent suppressor of human immunodeficiency virus transcription in persistently infected cells. Trans.Assoc.Am.Physicians 1992;105:36-43. View abstract.
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433. Lappas, M., Permezel, M., and Rice, G. E. N-Acetyl-cysteine inhibits phospholipid metabolism, proinflammatory cytokine release, protease activity, and nuclear factor-kappaB deoxyribonucleic acid-binding activity in human fetal membranes in vitro. J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab 2003;88:1723-1729. View abstract.
434. Kay, J., Chow, W. H., Chan, T. M., Lo, S. K., Kwok, O. H., Yip, A., Fan, K., Lee, C. H., and Lam, W. F. Acetylcysteine for prevention of acute deterioration of renal function following elective coronary angiography and intervention: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2-5-2003;289:553-558. View abstract.
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438. Briguori, C., Manganelli, F., Scarpato, P., Elia, P. P., Golia, B., Riviezzo, G., Lepore, S., Librera, M., Villari, B., Colombo, A., and Ricciardelli, B. Acetylcysteine and contrast agent-associated nephrotoxicity. J Am Coll.Cardiol. 7-17-2002;40:298-303. View abstract.
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440. Fulghesu, A. M., Ciampelli, M., Muzj, G., Belosi, C., Selvaggi, L., Ayala, G. F., and Lanzone, A. N-acetyl-cysteine treatment improves insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil.Steril. 2002;77:1128-1135. View abstract.
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447. Kusano, C., Takao, S., Noma, H., Yoh, H., Aikou, T., Okumura, H., Akiyama, S., Kawamura, M., Makino, M., and Baba, M. N-acetyl cysteine inhibits cell cycle progression in pancreatic carcinoma cells. Hum.Cell 2000;13:213-220. View abstract.
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451. De Rosa, S. C., Zaretsky, M. D., Dubs, J. G., Roederer, M., Anderson, M., Green, A., Mitra, D., Watanabe, N., Nakamura, H., Tjioe, I., Deresinski, S. C., Moore, W. A., Ela, S. W., Parks, D., Herzenberg, L. A., and Herzenberg, L. A. N-acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione in HIV infection. Eur.J Clin Invest 2000;30:915-929. View abstract.
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455. Redondo, P., Bandres, E., Solano, T., Okroujnov, I., and Garcia-Foncillas, J. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and melanoma. N-acetylcysteine downregulates VEGF production in vitro. Cytokine 2000;12:374-378. View abstract.
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458. Buckley, N. A., Whyte, I. M., O'Connell, D. L., and Dawson, A. H. Activated charcoal reduces the need for N-acetylcysteine treatment after acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose. J Toxicol.Clin Toxicol. 1999;37:753-757. View abstract.
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