Simple, heart-smart substitutions

Reduce the amount of fat in your dairy. Whole-fat dairy products are high in saturated fat. But there are healthier options.

• Instead of butter, cook with olive, canola, corn, or safflower oils.
• Replace heavy cream with evaporated skim milk.
• Replace whole-milk cheese, yogurt, and milk with low-fat versions.

Experiment. If a recipe calls for whole milk, you can usually replace most or all of the volume with skim or low-fat milk with no reduction in final quality.

Choose lean meats. They have less fat and are better for your heart. When selecting and cooking lean meats:

• Remove the skin from chicken and turkey before cooking.
• Choose lean cuts of pork, such as tenderloin or loin chops.
• Look for beef cuts labeled "choice" or "select."
• Avoid marbled cuts of beef, or cuts marked "prime."
• Cut off visible fat before cooking.
• Instead of frying, bake, roast, broil, or stir fry meat.
• If excess fat pools in the pan, pour it off before serving the meat.

Prepare meat as just a part of the meal, rather than the main attraction. For example, stir fry pork with broccoli and serve over brown rice. Along with the meat, you get a serving of vegetables and whole grain.

You can also try meat substitutes with your meals.

• Beans are great in soups, salads, and over rice.
• Nuts liven up salads, stir-fried meals, and vegetables.
• Eggs make great dinners, as omelets and frittatas.
• Mushrooms add a meaty texture to sauces, casseroles, and stroganoffs.
• Tofu goes well with curries and stir-fried dishes.
• Eat more fish, especially fish that are high in omega-3 fatty acids. This includes herring, sardines, salmon, tuna, trout, and mackerel.

To cut back on salt, stock your kitchen with low- or no-salt prepared sauces, soups, canned foods, or mixes. Instead of salt, season your food with:

• Orange, lemon, or lime juice
• Spices and herbs
• Vinegar
• Salt-free herb blends

White flour, white rice, and other refined grains have been stripped of some of their nutrients. You often find them in foods that are high in sugar, sodium, and fat.

Whole grains are loaded with fiber and nutrition. They can help lower cholesterol in your blood and make you feel full longer. As you shop for food, read labels for fat and sugar content. Be on the look-out for:

• Whole grain breads, cereals, and crackers that list whole wheat as the first ingredient on their labels
• Whole wheat flour instead of white flour
• Brown or wild rice instead of white rice
• Whole grain barley
• Oatmeal
• Other grains such as quinoa, amaranth, buckwheat, and millet

Note that products described as “multi-grain” may or may not contain whole grains.

Too much sugar in your diet typically means many calories without many nutrients. To keep your weight in check and your heart healthy, limit the sugar you eat.

• Cut sugar in recipes by one third or more. You often will not notice a difference.
• In recipes, use unsweetened applesauce in equal amounts in place of sugar.
• Use ginger, allspice, or cinnamon in oatmeal.
• Limit consumption of sugary beverages such as sweet teas, sports drinks, and sodas.

Baked Salmon Dijon

• 1 cup (240 milliliters, mL) fat free sour cream
• 2 teaspoons (tsp), or 10 mL, dried dill
• 3 tablespoons (tbsp), or 45 mL, scallions, finely chopped
• 2 tbsp (30 mL) Dijon mustard
• 2 tbsp (30 mL) lemon juice
• 1 ½ lbs (680 g) salmon fillet with skin cut in center
• ½ tsp (2.5 mL) garlic powder
• ½ tsp (2.5 mL) black pepper
• As needed, fat-free cooking spray

1. Whisk sour cream, dill, onion, mustard, and lemon juice in small bowl to blend.
2. Place salmon, skin side down, on prepared sheet. Sprinkle with garlic powder and pepper. Spread with the sauce.
3. Bake salmon until just opaque in center, about 20 minutes.

Source: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

Vegetarian Spaghetti Sauce

• 2 tbsp (30 mL) olive oil
• 2 small onions, chopped
• 3 cloves garlic, chopped
• 1 ¼ cups (300 mL) zucchini, sliced
• 1 tbsp (15 mL) oregano, dried
• 1 tbsp (15 mL) basil, dried
• 8 oz (227 g) can of low-sodium tomato sauce
• 6 oz (170 g) can of low-sodium tomato paste
• 2 medium tomatoes, chopped
• 1 cup (240 mL) water

1. In a medium skillet, heat oil. Sauté onions, garlic, and zucchini in oil for 5 minutes on medium heat.
2. Add remaining ingredients and simmer covered for 45 minutes. Serve over whole grain pasta, cooked without salt.

Source: Your Guide to Lowering Your Blood Pressure with DASH, U.S. Health and Human Services.

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Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2019;140(11):e563-e595. PMID: 30879339 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30879339/.

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) website. Living with the DASH eating plan. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/education/dash/living-with-dash. Updated December 29, 2021. Accessed May 21, 2024.

US Department of Agriculture and US Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025. 9th ed. www.dietaryguidelines.gov/sites/default/files/2020-12/Dietary_Guidelines_for_Americans_2020-2025.pdf. Accessed June 11, 2024. 

Updated by: Stefania Manetti, RDN, CDCES, RYT200, My Vita Sana LLC - Nourish and heal through food, San Jose, CA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.