Water safety and drowning

Water safety tips for all ages include:

• Learn CPR.
• Never swim alone.
• Never dive into water unless you know beforehand how deep it is.
• Know your limits. Do not go into areas of water that you cannot handle.
• Stay out of strong currents even if you are a strong swimmer.
• Learn about rip currents and undertows and how to swim out of them.
• Always wear life preservers when boating, even if you know how to swim.
• Do not overload your boat. If your boat turns over, stay with the boat until help arrives.

Do not drink alcohol or use drugs before or during swimming, boating, or water skiing. Do not drink alcohol or use drugs while supervising children around water.

When boating, know local weather conditions and forecasts. Watch for dangerous waves and rip currents.

Put a fence around all home swimming pools.

• The fence should completely separate the yard and house from the pool.
• The fence should be 4 feet (120 centimeters) or higher.
• The latch to the fence should be self-closing and out of the reach of children.
• Keep the gate closed and latched at all times.

When leaving the pool, put away all toys from the pool and deck. This helps remove temptation for children to enter the pool area.

At least one responsible adult should supervise young children when they swim or play in or around water.

• The adult should be close enough to reach a child at all times.
• Supervising adults should not be reading, talking on the phone, or doing any other activities that keep them from watching the child or children at all times.
• Never leave young children unattended in a wading pool, swimming pool, lake, ocean, or stream -- not even for a second.

Teach your children to swim. But understand that this alone will not prevent young children from drowning. Air-filled or foam toys (wings, noodles, and inner tubes) are not a replacement for life jackets when boating or when your child is in open water.

Prevent drowning around the home:

• All buckets, wading pools, ice chests, and other containers should be emptied right after use and stored upside down.
• Learn to practice good bathroom safety measures, as well. Keep toilet lids closed. Use toilet seat locks until your children are around 3 years old. Do not leave young children unattended while they take baths.
• Keep doors to your laundry room and bathrooms closed at all times. Consider installing latches on these doors that your child cannot reach.
• Be aware of irrigation ditches and other areas of water drainage around your home. These also create drowning dangers for small children.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Drowning prevention. www.cdc.gov/drowning/prevention/index.html. Updated October 7, 2022. Accessed July 19, 2023.

HealthyChildren.org website. Drowning prevention for curious toddlers: what parents need to know. www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Water-Safety-And-Young-Children.aspx. Updated June 29, 2023. Accessed July 19, 2023.

Thomas AA, Caglar D. Drowning and submersion injury. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 91.

Updated by: Charles I. Schwartz, MD, FAAP, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, General Pediatrician at PennCare for Kids, Phoenixville, PA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.