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L-Arginine

What is it?

L-arginine is an amino acid naturally found in red meat, poultry, fish, and dairy. It is necessary for making proteins and is commonly used for circulation.

L-arginine is converted in the body into a chemical called nitric oxide. Nitric oxide causes blood vessels to open wider for improved blood flow. L-arginine also stimulates the release of growth hormone, insulin, and other substances in the body. It can be made in a lab and used in supplements.

People use L-arginine for chest pain and various blood flow issues, erectile dysfunction, high blood pressure during pregnancy, and a serious disease in premature infants called necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). It's also used for many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these other uses.

How effective is it?

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate.

The effectiveness ratings for L-ARGININE are as follows:

Possibly effective for...

  • Chest pain (angina). Taking L-arginine by mouth seems to decrease symptoms and improve exercise tolerance and quality of life in people with angina. But it doesn't seem to help widen blood vessels that are narrowed in angina.
  • Erectile dysfunction (ED). Taking 2.5-5 grams of L-arginine by mouth daily seems to improve sexual function in people with ED. Taking L-arginine with medications such as sildenafil and tadalafil might work better than taking either L-arginine or the medication alone.
  • High blood pressure. Taking L-arginine by mouth can reduce blood pressure in healthy people, people with high blood pressure, and people with slightly high blood pressure with or without diabetes.
  • A serious intestinal disease in premature infants (necrotizing enterocolitis or NEC). Adding L-arginine to formula seems to reduce the risk for this condition in premature infants.
  • Narrowing of blood vessels that causes poor blood flow to the limbs (peripheral arterial disease). Taking L-arginine by mouth or by IV for up to 8 weeks increases blood flow in people with this condition. But using it for up to 6 months does not help to improve walking speed or distance. IV products can only be given by a healthcare provider.
  • A pregnancy complication marked by high blood pressure and protein in the urine (pre-eclampsia). Taking L-arginine by IV can reduce blood pressure in pregnant people with pre-eclampsia. L-arginine might also reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia in people who are at high risk for this condition. IV products can only be given by a healthcare provider. It's not clear if taking L-arginine by mouth helps.
  • High blood pressure during pregnancy. Taking L-arginine by IV can reduce blood pressure in pregnancy. It's unclear if taking L-arginine by mouth lowers blood pressure during pregnancy, but it might decrease the need to take blood pressure lowering drugs. IV products can only be given by a healthcare provider.

Possibly ineffective for...

  • Long-term kidney disease (chronic kidney disease or CKD). Taking L-arginine by mouth or by IV doesn't improve kidney function in most people with CKD.
  • High cholesterol. Taking L-arginine by mouth doesn't help to lower cholesterol levels.
  • Heart attack. Taking L-arginine by mouth doesn't seem to help prevent a heart attack. It also doesn't seem to help treat a heart attack after it occurs. In fact, there is concern that L-arginine might be harmful for people after a recent heart attack. Do not take L-arginine if you have had a recent heart attack.
  • Tuberculosis. Taking L-arginine by mouth along with standard treatment for tuberculosis does not seem to help improve symptoms or clear the infection.
  • Wound healing. Taking L-arginine by mouth does not seem to improve wound healing.
There is interest in using L-arginine for a number of other purposes, but there isn't enough reliable information to say whether it might be helpful.

Is it safe?

When taken by mouth: L-arginine is possibly safe for most people when taken short-term. It can cause some side effects such as stomach pain, bloating, diarrhea, and low blood pressure.

When applied to the skin: L-arginine is possibly safe for most people when used short-term. It's also possibly safe when used in a toothpaste short-term.

When inhaled: L-arginine is possibly safe for most people when used short-term.

Special precautions & warnings:

Pregnancy: L-arginine is possibly safe when taken by mouth for a short time during pregnancy. Not enough is known about using L-arginine long-term in pregnancy. Stay on the safe side and avoid long-term use.

Breast-feeding: There isn't enough reliable information to know if L-arginine is safe to use when breast-feeing. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.

Children: L-arginine is possibly safe in children when taken by mouth, when used in a toothpaste, or when inhaled.

Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency (GAMT): People with this inherited condition are unable to convert arginine and other similar chemicals into creatine. To prevent complications from this condition, avoid L-arginine supplements.

Recent heart attack: L-arginine might increase the risk of death after a heart attack, especially in older people. If you have had a heart attack recently, don't take L-arginine.

Kidney disease: L-arginine has caused high potassium levels when used by people with kidney disease. In some cases, this has resulted in a dangerous irregular heartbeat.

Surgery: L-arginine might interfere with blood pressure control during and after surgery. Stop taking L-arginine at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery.

Are there interactions with medications?

Moderate
Be cautious with this combination.
Isoproterenol (Isuprel)
L-arginine seems to decrease blood pressure. Isoproterenol is a drug that is used to lower blood pressure. Taking L-arginine along with isoproterenol might cause your blood pressure to go too low.
Medications for diabetes (Antidiabetes drugs)
L-arginine might lower blood sugar levels. Taking L-arginine along with diabetes medications might cause blood sugar to drop too low. Monitor your blood sugar closely.
Medications for high blood pressure (ACE inhibitors)
L-arginine might lower blood pressure. Taking L-arginine along with medications that lower blood pressure might cause blood pressure to go too low. Monitor your blood pressure closely.
Medications for high blood pressure (Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs))
L-arginine might lower blood pressure. Taking L-arginine along with medications that lower blood pressure might cause blood pressure to go too low. Monitor your blood pressure closely.
Medications for high blood pressure (Antihypertensive drugs)
L-arginine might lower blood pressure. Taking L-arginine along with medications that lower blood pressure might cause blood pressure to go too low. Monitor your blood pressure closely.
Medications that slow blood clotting (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drugs)
L-arginine might slow blood clotting. Taking L-arginine along with medications that also slow blood clotting might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Sildenafil (Viagra)
Sildenafil can lower blood pressure. L-arginine can also lower blood pressure. There is a chance that taking sildenafil and L-arginine together might cause blood pressure to go too low. But most people seem to be fine when taking these products together.
Water pills (Potassium-sparing diuretics)
L-arginine might increase potassium levels in the body. Some "water pills" might also increase potassium in the body. Taking L-arginine along with some "water pills" might cause too much potassium to be in the body.
Minor
Be watchful with this combination.
Testosterone
L-arginine might increase testosterone levels. But it's not clear if this is a big concern. People taking testosterone should be cautious until more is known about this potential interaction.

Are there interactions with herbs and supplements?

Herbs and supplements that might lower blood pressure
L-arginine might lower blood pressure. Taking it with other supplements that have the same effect might cause blood pressure to drop too much. Examples of supplements with this effect include andrographis, casein peptides, niacin, and stinging nettle.
Herbs and supplements that might lower blood sugar
L-arginine might lower blood sugar. Taking it with other supplements with similar effects might lower blood sugar too much. Examples of supplements with this effect include aloe, bitter melon, cassia cinnamon, chromium, and prickly pear cactus.
Herbs and supplements that might slow blood clotting
L-arginine might slow blood clotting and increase the risk of bleeding. Taking it with other supplements with similar effects might increase the risk of bleeding in some people. Examples of supplements with this effect include garlic, ginger, ginkgo, nattokinase, and Panax ginseng.

Are there interactions with foods?

There are no known interactions with foods.

How is it typically used?

L-arginine has most often been used by adults in doses that vary from 1.5 to 24 grams by mouth daily, for up to 18 months. It's also sometimes used in gels and creams. Speak with a healthcare provider to find out what type of product or dose might be best for a specific condition.

Other names

2-Amino-5-(diaminomethylidene amino) pentanoic acid, 2-Amino-5-guanidinopentanoic Acid, (2S)-2-Amino-5-{[amino (imino) methyl]amino}pentanoic Acid, (S)-2-Amino-5- Guanidinopentanoic Acid, Acide 2-Amino-5-Guanidinopentanoïque, Arg, Arginine, Arginine Aspartate, Arginine Ethyl Ester, Arginine Ethyl Ester Dihydrochloride, Arginine Ethyl Ester HCl, Arginine HCl, Arginine Hydrochloride, Di-Arginine Malate, Di-Arginine Orotate, Di-L-Arginine-L-Malate, Dl-Arginine, L-Arginina, L-Arginine Ethyl Ester Dichloride, L-Arginine HCl, L-Arginine Hexanoate, L-Arginine Hydrochloride, L-Arginine Ketoisocaproic Acid, L-Arginine L-Pyroglutamate, L-Arginine Pyroglutamate, L-Arginine Taurinate, Malate de Di-Arginine, Orotate de Di-Arginine, R-Gene 10.

Methodology

To learn more about how this article was written, please see the Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database methodology.

References

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  207. Budoff, M. J., Ahmadi, N., Gul, K. M., Liu, S. T., Flores, F. R., Tiano, J., Takasu, J., Miller, E., and Tsimikas, S. Aged garlic extract supplemented with B vitamins, folic acid and L-arginine retards the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis: a randomized clinical trial. Prev.Med. 2009;49(2-3):101-107. View abstract.
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  217. Debats, I. B., Booi, D. I., Wehrens, K. M., Cleutjens, J., Deutz, N. E., van de Hogen, E., Bemelmans, M., and van der Hulst, R. R. Oral arginine supplementation and the effect on skin graft donor sites: a randomized clinical pilot study. J Burn Care Res 2009;30:417-426. View abstract.
  218. Kato, G. J., Wang, Z., Machado, R. F., Blackwelder, W. C., Taylor, J. G., and Hazen, S. L. Endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitors in sickle cell disease: abnormal levels and correlations with pulmonary hypertension, desaturation, haemolysis, organ dysfunction and death. Br J Haematol. 2009;145:506-513. View abstract.
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  221. Boger, R. H., Sullivan, L. M., Schwedhelm, E., Wang, T. J., Maas, R., Benjamin, E. J., Schulze, F., Xanthakis, V., Benndorf, R. A., and Vasan, R. S. Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine and incidence of cardiovascular disease and death in the community. Circulation 3-31-2009;119:1592-1600. View abstract.
  222. Little, J. A., Hauser, K. P., Martyr, S. E., Harris, A., Maric, I., Morris, C. R., Suh, J. H., Taylor, J., Castro, O., Machado, R., Kato, G., and Gladwin, M. T. Hematologic, biochemical, and cardiopulmonary effects of L-arginine supplementation or phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition in patients with sickle cell disease who are on hydroxyurea therapy. Eur.J Haematol. 2009;82:315-321. View abstract.
  223. Takasaki, A., Tamura, H., Miwa, I., Taketani, T., Shimamura, K., and Sugino, N. Endometrial growth and uterine blood flow: a pilot study for improving endometrial thickness in the patients with a thin endometrium. Fertil.Steril. 2010;93:1851-1858. View abstract.
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  227. Stanislavov, R., Nikolova, V., and Rohdewald, P. Improvement of seminal parameters with Prelox: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Phytother.Res 2009;23:297-302. View abstract.
  228. Bracci, M., Tomasetti, M., Malavolta, M., Bonacucina, V., Mocchegiani, E., and Santarelli, L. L-arginine reduces mercury accumulation in thymus of mercury-exposed mice: role of nitric oxide synthase activity and metallothioneins. Ind.Health 2008;46:567-574. View abstract.
  229. Kato, G. J. and Gladwin, M. T. Evolution of novel small-molecule therapeutics targeting sickle cell vasculopathy. JAMA 12-10-2008;300:2638-2646. View abstract.
  230. Bai, Y., Sun, L., Yang, T., Sun, K., Chen, J., and Hui, R. Increase in fasting vascular endothelial function after short-term oral L-arginine is effective when baseline flow-mediated dilation is low: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin.Nutr. 2009;89:77-84. View abstract.
  231. Gad, M. Z., El-Mesallamy, H. O., and Sanad, E. F. hsCRP, sICAM-1 and TAFI in hemodialysis patients: linking inflammation and hypofibrinolysis to cardiovascular events. Kidney Blood Press Res 2008;31:391-397. View abstract.
  232. Napoli, C., Farzati, B., Sica, V., Iannuzzi, E., Coppola, G., Silvestroni, A., Balestrieri, M. L., Florio, A., and Matarazzo, A. Beneficial effects of autologous bone marrow cell infusion and antioxidants/L-arginine in patients with chronic critical limb ischemia. Eur.J Cardiovasc.Prev.Rehabil. 2008;15:709-718. View abstract.
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  234. Heyman, H., Van De Looverbosch, D. E., Meijer, E. P., and Schols, J. M. Benefits of an oral nutritional supplement on pressure ulcer healing in long-term care residents. J Wound Care 2008;17:476-8, 480. View abstract.
  235. Fons, C., Sempere, A., Arias, A., Lopez-Sala, A., Poo, P., Pineda, M., Mas, A., Vilaseca, M. A., Salomons, G. S., Ribes, A., Artuch, R., and Campistol, J. Arginine supplementation in four patients with X-linked creatine transporter defect. J Inherit.Metab Dis 2008;31:724-728. View abstract.
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  237. Settergren, M., Bohm, F., Malmstrom, R. E., Channon, K. M., and Pernow, J. L-arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin protects against ischemia/reperfusion-induced endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2009;204:73-78. View abstract.
  238. Abba, K., Sudarsanam, T. D., Grobler, L., and Volmink, J. Nutritional supplements for people being treated for active tuberculosis. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2008;:CD006086. View abstract.
  239. Childress, B., Stechmiller, J. K., and Schultz, G. S. Arginine metabolites in wound fluids from pressure ulcers: a pilot study. Biol.Res Nurs. 2008;10:87-92. View abstract.
  240. Tan, B., Li, X. G., Kong, X., Huang, R., Ruan, Z., Yao, K., Deng, Z., Xie, M., Shinzato, I., Yin, Y., and Wu, G. Dietary L-arginine supplementation enhances the immune status in early-weaned piglets. Amino.Acids 2009;37:323-331. View abstract.
  241. Binder, I., Rossbach, G., and van, Ophoven A. [The complexity of chronic pelvic pain exemplified by the condition currently called interstitial cystitis. Part 2: Treatment]. Aktuelle Urol. 2008;39:289-297. View abstract.
  242. Klek, S., Kulig, J., Sierzega, M., Szybinski, P., Szczepanek, K., Kubisz, A., Kowalczyk, T., Gach, T., Pach, R., and Szczepanik, A. M. The impact of immunostimulating nutrition on infectious complications after upper gastrointestinal surgery: a prospective, randomized, clinical trial. Ann.Surg. 2008;248:212-220. View abstract.
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  244. Salvatore, P., Casamassimi, A., Sommese, L., Fiorito, C., Ciccodicola, A., Rossiello, R., Avallone, B., Grimaldi, V., Costa, V., Rienzo, M., Colicchio, R., Williams-Ignarro, S., Pagliarulo, C., Prudente, M. E., Abbondanza, C., Lamberti, F., Baroni, A., Buommino, E., Farzati, B., Tufano, M. A., Ignarro, L. J., and Napoli, C. Detrimental effects of Bartonella henselae are counteracted by L-arginine and nitric oxide in human endothelial progenitor cells. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A 7-8-2008;105:9427-9432. View abstract.
  245. Klek, S., Kulig, J., Sierzega, M., Szczepanek, K., Szybinski, P., Scislo, L., Walewska, E., Kubisz, A., and Szczepanik, A. M. Standard and immunomodulating enteral nutrition in patients after extended gastrointestinal surgery--a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Clin.Nutr 2008;27:504-512. View abstract.
  246. Chilosi, A., Leuzzi, V., Battini, R., Tosetti, M., Ferretti, G., Comparini, A., Casarano, M., Moretti, E., Alessandri, M. G., Bianchi, M. C., and Cioni, G. Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect. Neurocase. 2008;14:151-161. View abstract.
  247. Tuchman, M., Lee, B., Lichter-Konecki, U., Summar, M. L., Yudkoff, M., Cederbaum, S. D., Kerr, D. S., Diaz, G. A., Seashore, M. R., Lee, H. S., McCarter, R. J., Krischer, J. P., and Batshaw, M. L. Cross-sectional multicenter study of patients with urea cycle disorders in the United States. Mol.Genet.Metab 2008;94:397-402. View abstract.
  248. Chung, H. T., Choi, B. M., Kwon, Y. G., and Kim, Y. M. Interactive relations between nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO): heme oxygenase-1/CO pathway is a key modulator in NO-mediated antiapoptosis and anti-inflammation. Methods Enzymol. 2008;441:329-338. View abstract.
  249. Ralph, A. P., Kelly, P. M., and Anstey, N. M. L-arginine and vitamin D: novel adjunctive immunotherapies in tuberculosis. Trends Microbiol. 2008;16:336-344. View abstract.
  250. Fricke, O., Baecker, N., Heer, M., Tutlewski, B., and Schoenau, E. The effect of L-arginine administration on muscle force and power in postmenopausal women. Clin.Physiol Funct.Imaging 2008;28:307-311. View abstract.
  251. Acevedo, A. M., Montero, M., Rojas-Sanchez, F., Machado, C., Rivera, L. E., Wolff, M., and Kleinberg, I. Clinical evaluation of the ability of CaviStat in a mint confection to inhibit the development of dental caries in children. J Clin.Dent. 2008;19:1-8. View abstract.
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  254. Huang, C. C., Tsai, S. C., and Lin, W. T. Potential ergogenic effects of L-arginine against oxidative and inflammatory stress induced by acute exercise in aging rats. Exp.Gerontol. 2008;43:571-577. View abstract.
  255. Mhanni, A. A., Chan, A., Collison, M., Seifert, B., Lehotay, D. C., Sokoro, A., Huynh, H. Q., and Greenberg, C. R. Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome (HHH) presenting with acute fulminant hepatic failure. J Pediatr Gastroenterol.Nutr. 2008;46:312-315. View abstract.
  256. Ruel, M., Beanlands, R. S., Lortie, M., Chan, V., Camack, N., deKemp, R. A., Suuronen, E. J., Rubens, F. D., DaSilva, J. N., Sellke, F. W., Stewart, D. J., and Mesana, T. G. Concomitant treatment with oral L-arginine improves the efficacy of surgical angiogenesis in patients with severe diffuse coronary artery disease: the Endothelial Modulation in Angiogenic Therapy randomized controlled trial. J Thorac.Cardiovasc.Surg. 2008;135:762-70, 770. View abstract.
  257. Hackett, A., Gillard, J., and Wilcken, B. n of 1 trial for an ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency carrier. Mol.Genet.Metab 2008;94:157-161. View abstract.
  258. Lauer, T., Kleinbongard, P., Rath, J., Schulz, R., Kelm, M., and Rassaf, T. L-arginine preferentially dilates stenotic segments of coronary arteries thereby increasing coronary flow. J Intern.Med. 2008;264:237-244. View abstract.
  259. Shao, A. and Hathcock, J. N. Risk assessment for the amino acids taurine, L-glutamine and L-arginine. Regul.Toxicol.Pharmacol 2008;50:376-399. View abstract.
  260. Berk, L., James, J., Schwartz, A., Hug, E., Mahadevan, A., Samuels, M., and Kachnic, L. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a beta-hydroxyl beta-methyl butyrate, glutamine, and arginine mixture for the treatment of cancer cachexia (RTOG 0122). Support.Care Cancer 2008;16:1179-1188. View abstract.
  261. Martina, V., Masha, A., Gigliardi, V. R., Brocato, L., Manzato, E., Berchio, A., Massarenti, P., Settanni, F., Della, Casa L., Bergamini, S., and Iannone, A. Long-term N-acetylcysteine and L-arginine administration reduces endothelial activation and systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2008;31:940-944. View abstract.
  262. Tarumoto, T., Imagawa, S., Kobayashi, M., Hirayama, A., Ozawa, K., and Nagasawa, T. L-arginine administration reverses anemia associated with renal disease. Int.J Hematol. 2007;86:126-129. View abstract.
  263. Sakurai, Y., Masui, T., Yoshida, I., Tonomura, S., Shoji, M., Nakamura, Y., Isogaki, J., Uyama, I., Komori, Y., and Ochiai, M. Randomized clinical trial of the effects of perioperative use of immune-enhancing enteral formula on metabolic and immunological status in patients undergoing esophagectomy. World J Surg. 2007;31:2150-2157. View abstract.
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  266. Siasos, G., Tousoulis, D., Vlachopoulos, C., Antoniades, C., Stefanadi, E., Ioakeimidis, N., Andreou, I., Zisimos, K., Papavassiliou, A. G., and Stefanadis, C. Short-term treatment with L-arginine prevents the smoking-induced impairment of endothelial function and vascular elastic properties in young individuals. Int.J Cardiol 6-6-2008;126:394-399. View abstract.
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  268. Smriga, M., Ando, T., Akutsu, M., Furukawa, Y., Miwa, K., and Morinaga, Y. Oral treatment with L-lysine and L-arginine reduces anxiety and basal cortisol levels in healthy humans. Biomed.Res 2007;28:85-90. View abstract.
  269. Matsumoto, K., Mizuno, M., Mizuno, T., Dilling-Hansen, B., Lahoz, A., Bertelsen, V., Munster, H., Jordening, H., Hamada, K., and Doi, T. Branched-chain amino acids and arginine supplementation attenuates skeletal muscle proteolysis induced by moderate exercise in young individuals. Int.J Sports Med. 2007;28:531-538. View abstract.
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  299. Gosselink, M. P., Darby, M., Zimmerman, D. D., Gruss, H. J., and Schouten, W. R. Treatment of chronic anal fissure by application of L-arginine gel: a phase II study in 15 patients. Dis Colon Rectum 2005;48:832-837. View abstract.
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  306. Xiao, X. M. and Li, L. P. L-Arginine treatment for asymmetric fetal growth restriction. Int.J Gynaecol.Obstet. 2005;88:15-18. View abstract.
  307. Kernohan, A. F., McIntyre, M., Hughes, D. M., Tam, S. W., Worcel, M., and Reid, J. L. An oral yohimbine/L-arginine combination (NMI 861) for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction: a pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and interaction study with intravenous nitroglycerine in healthy male subjects. Br J Clin.Pharmacol. 2005;59:85-93. View abstract.
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  310. Kiziltepe, U., Tunctan, B., Eyileten, Z. B., Sirlak, M., Arikbuku, M., Tasoz, R., Uysalel, A., and Ozyurda, U. Efficiency of L-arginine enriched cardioplegia and non-cardioplegic reperfusion in ischemic hearts. Int.J Cardiol 2004;97:93-100. View abstract.
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  314. George, J., Shmuel, S. B., Roth, A., Herz, I., Izraelov, S., Deutsch, V., Keren, G., and Miller, H. L-arginine attenuates lymphocyte activation and anti-oxidized LDL antibody levels in patients undergoing angioplasty. Atherosclerosis 2004;174:323-327. View abstract.
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  318. Park, K. G., Heys, S. D., Blessing, K., Kelly, P., McNurlan, M. A., Eremin, O., and Garlick, P. J. Stimulation of human breast cancers by dietary L-arginine. Clin.Sci.(Lond) 1992;82:413-417. View abstract.
  319. Stokes, G. S., Barin, E. S., Gilfillan, K. L., and Kaesemeyer, W. H. Interactions of L-arginine, isosorbide mononitrate, and angiotensin II inhibitors on arterial pulse wave. Am J Hypertens. 2003;16(9 Pt 1):719-724. View abstract.
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  322. McGovern, M. M., Wasserstein, M. P., Aron, A., and Perrine, S. P. Biochemical effect of intravenous arginine butyrate in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. J Pediatr 2003;142:709-713. View abstract.
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  324. Schon, T., Elias, D., Moges, F., Melese, E., Tessema, T., Stendahl, O., Britton, S., and Sundqvist, T. Arginine as an adjuvant to chemotherapy improves clinical outcome in active tuberculosis. Eur.Respir.J 2003;21:483-488. View abstract.
  325. Abdelhamed, A. I., Reis, S. E., Sane, D. C., Brosnihan, K. B., Preli, R. B., and Herrington, D. M. No effect of an L-arginine-enriched medical food (HeartBars) on endothelial function and platelet aggregation in subjects with hypercholesterolemia. Am Heart J 2003;145:E15. View abstract.
  326. Sydow, K., Schwedhelm, E., Arakawa, N., Bode-Boger, S. M., Tsikas, D., Hornig, B., Frolich, J. C., and Boger, R. H. ADMA and oxidative stress are responsible for endothelial dysfunction in hyperhomocyst(e)inemia: effects of L-arginine and B vitamins. Cardiovasc.Res 2003;57:244-252. View abstract.
  327. Miller, H. I., Dascalu, A., Rassin, T. A., Wollman, Y., Chernichowsky, T., and Iaina, A. Effects of an acute dose of L-arginine during coronary angiography in patients with chronic renal failure: a randomized, parallel, double-blind clinical trial. Am J Nephrol. 2003;23:91-95. View abstract.
  328. Braga, M., Gianotti, L., Vignali, A., and Carlo, V. D. Preoperative oral arginine and n-3 fatty acid supplementation improves the immunometabolic host response and outcome after colorectal resection for cancer. Surgery 2002;132:805-814. View abstract.
  329. Carey, P. E., Halliday, J., Snaar, J. E., Morris, P. G., and Taylor, R. Direct assessment of muscle glycogen storage after mixed meals in normal and type 2 diabetic subjects. Am J Physiol Endocrinol.Metab 2003;284:E688-E694. View abstract.
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  331. Lekakis, J. P., Papathanassiou, S., Papaioannou, T. G., Papamichael, C. M., Zakopoulos, N., Kotsis, V., Dagre, A. G., Stamatelopoulos, K., Protogerou, A., and Stamatelopoulos, S. F. Oral L-arginine improves endothelial dysfunction in patients with essential hypertension. Int.J Cardiol 2002;86(2-3):317-323. View abstract.
  332. Song, J. X., Qing, S. H., Huang, X. C., and Qi, D. L. Effect of parenteral nutrition with L-arginine supplementation on postoperative immune function in patients with colorectal cancer. Di Yi.Jun.Yi.Da.Xue.Xue.Bao. 2002;22:545-547. View abstract.
  333. Bennett-Richards, K. J., Kattenhorn, M., Donald, A. E., Oakley, G. R., Varghese, Z., Bruckdorfer, K. R., Deanfield, J. E., and Rees, L. Oral L-arginine does not improve endothelial dysfunction in children with chronic renal failure. Kidney Int. 2002;62:1372-1378. View abstract.
  334. Schaefer, A., Piquard, F., Geny, B., Doutreleau, S., Lampert, E., Mettauer, B., and Lonsdorfer, J. L-arginine reduces exercise-induced increase in plasma lactate and ammonia. Int.J Sports Med. 2002;23:403-407. View abstract.
  335. Cassone, Faldetta M., Laurenti, O., Desideri, G., Bravi, M. C., De, Luca O., Marinucci, M. C., De, Mattia G., and Ferri, C. L-arginine infusion decreases plasma total homocysteine concentrations through increased nitric oxide production and decreased oxidative status in Type II diabetic patients. Diabetologia 2002;45:1120-1127. View abstract.
  336. van den Meiracker, A. H., van der Linde, N. A., Broere, A., Derkx, F. H., and Boomsma, F. Effects of L-arginine and L-NAME on the renal function in hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Nephron 2002;91:444-451. View abstract.
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  338. Gianotti, L., Braga, M., Nespoli, L., Radaelli, G., Beneduce, A., and Di, Carlo, V. A randomized controlled trial of preoperative oral supplementation with a specialized diet in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Gastroenterology 2002;122:1763-1770. View abstract.
  339. Kimber, J., Watson, L., and Mathias, C. J. Cardiovascular and neurohormonal responses to i. v. l-arginine in two groups with primary autonomic failure. J Neurol. 2001;248:1036-1041. View abstract.
  340. Schramm, L., La, M., Heidbreder, E., Hecker, M., Beckman, J. S., Lopau, K., Zimmermann, J., Rendl, J., Reiners, C., Winderl, S., Wanner, C., and Schmidt, H. H. L-arginine deficiency and supplementation in experimental acute renal failure and in human kidney transplantation. Kidney Int. 2002;61:1423-1432. View abstract.
  341. Carrier, M., Pellerin, M., Perrault, L. P., Bouchard, D., Page, P., Searle, N., and Lavoie, J. Cardioplegic arrest with L-arginine improves myocardial protection: results of a prospective randomized clinical trial. Ann.Thorac.Surg. 2002;73:837-841. View abstract.
  342. Kawano, H., Motoyama, T., Hirai, N., Kugiyama, K., Yasue, H., and Ogawa, H. Endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia is improved by L-arginine administration: possible role of oxidative stress. Atherosclerosis 2002;161:375-380. View abstract.
  343. Suzuki, T., Hayase, M., Hibi, K., Hosokawa, H., Yokoya, K., Fitzgerald, P. J., Yock, P. G., Cooke, J. P., Suzuki, T., and Yeung, A. C. Effect of local delivery of L-arginine on in-stent restenosis in humans. Am J Cardiol 2-15-2002;89:363-367. View abstract.
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  345. Bello, E., Caramelo, C., Martell, N., Alcazar, J. M., Gonzalez, J., Lopez, M. D., Ruilope, L. M., Gonzalez, F. R., Rovira, A. M., Gazapo, R., Soldevilla, M. J., and Casado, S. Impairment of renal vasodilation with l-arginine is related to more severe disease in untreated hypertensive patients. Hypertension 2001;38:907-912. View abstract.
  346. Mantovani, F., Patelli, E., Colombo, F., Pozzoni, F., Confalonieri, S., and Pisani, E. [Erectile dysfunction after non-nerve sparing radical pelvic surgery. Therapeutical experience with sildenafil and L-arginine evaluated by Buckling test]. Minerva Med. 2001;92:285-287. View abstract.
  347. Zhang, X. Z., Ardissino, G., Ghio, L., Tirelli, A. S., Dacco, V., Colombo, D., Pace, E., Testa, S., and Claris-Appiani, A. L-arginine supplementation in young renal allograft recipients with chronic transplant dysfunction. Clin.Nephrol. 2001;55:453-459. View abstract.
  348. Piatti, P. M., Monti, L. D., Valsecchi, G., Magni, F., Setola, E., Marchesi, F., Galli-Kienle, M., Pozza, G., and Alberti, K. G. Long-term oral L-arginine administration improves peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2001;24:875-880. View abstract.
  349. Angdin, M., Settergren, G., Liska, J., and Astudillo, R. No effect of L-arginine supplementation on pulmonary endothelial dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass. Acta Anaesthesiol.Scand. 2001;45:441-448. View abstract.
  350. Nagaya, N., Uematsu, M., Oya, H., Sato, N., Sakamaki, F., Kyotani, S., Ueno, K., Nakanishi, N., Yamagishi, M., and Miyatake, K. Short-term oral administration of L-arginine improves hemodynamics and exercise capacity in patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir.Crit Care Med. 2001;163:887-891. View abstract.
  351. van Bokhorst-De Van Der Schueren, MA, Quak, J. J., von Blomberg-van der Flier BM, Kuik, D. J., Langendoen, S. I., Snow, G. B., Green, C. J., and van Leeuwen, P. A. Effect of perioperative nutrition, with and without arginine supplementation, on nutritional status, immune function, postoperative morbidity, and survival in severely malnourished head and neck cancer patients. Am.J Clin.Nutr 2001;73:323-332. View abstract.
  352. Morris, C. R., Kuypers, F. A., Larkin, S., Sweeters, N., Simon, J., Vichinsky, E. P., and Styles, L. A. Arginine therapy: a novel strategy to induce nitric oxide production in sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol. 2000;111:498-500. View abstract.
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  354. Bednarz, B., Wolk, R., Chamiec, T., Herbaczynska-Cedro, K., Winek, D., and Ceremuzynski, L. Effects of oral L-arginine supplementation on exercise-induced QT dispersion and exercise tolerance in stable angina pectoris. Int.J Cardiol 9-15-2000;75(2-3):205-210. View abstract.
  355. Gianotti, L., Braga, M., Gentilini, O., Balzano, G., Zerbi, A., and Di, Carlo, V. Artificial nutrition after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Pancreas 2000;21:344-351. View abstract.
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  357. Langkamp-Henken, B., Herrlinger-Garcia, K. A., Stechmiller, J. K., Nickerson-Troy, J. A., Lewis, B., and Moffatt, L. Arginine supplementation is well tolerated but does not enhance mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in elderly nursing home residents with pressure ulcers. JPEN J Parenter.Enteral Nutr. 2000;24:280-287. View abstract.
  358. Wideman, L., Weltman, J. Y., Patrie, J. T., Bowers, C. Y., Shah, N., Story, S., Veldhuis, J. D., and Weltman, A. Synergy of L-arginine and GHRP-2 stimulation of growth hormone in men and women: modulation by exercise. Am J Physiol Regul.Integr.Comp Physiol 2000;279:R1467-R1477. View abstract.
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  360. Maxwell, A. J., Anderson, B. E., and Cooke, J. P. Nutritional therapy for peripheral arterial disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of HeartBar. Vasc.Med. 2000;5:11-19. View abstract.
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  364. Senkal, M., Zumtobel, V., Bauer, K. H., Marpe, B., Wolfram, G., Frei, A., Eickhoff, U., and Kemen, M. Outcome and cost-effectiveness of perioperative enteral immunonutrition in patients undergoing elective upper gastrointestinal tract surgery: a prospective randomized study. Arch.Surg. 1999;134:1309-1316. View abstract.
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Last reviewed - 05/21/2024