Description
Spondyloperipheral dysplasia is a disorder that impairs bone growth. This condition is characterized by flattened bones of the spine (platyspondyly) and unusually short fingers and toes (brachydactyly), with the exception of the first (big) toes. Other skeletal abnormalities associated with spondyloperipheral dysplasia include short stature, shortened long bones of the arms and legs, exaggerated curvature of the lower back (lordosis), and an inward- and upward-turning foot (clubfoot). Additionally, some affected individuals have nearsightedness (myopia), hearing loss, and intellectual disability.
Frequency
This condition is rare; only a few affected individuals have been reported worldwide.
Causes
Spondyloperipheral dysplasia is one of a spectrum of skeletal disorders caused by mutations in the COL2A1 gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein that forms type II collagen. This type of collagen is found mostly in the clear gel that fills the eyeball (the vitreous) and in cartilage. Cartilage is a tough, flexible tissue that makes up much of the skeleton during early development. Most cartilage is later converted to bone, except for the cartilage that continues to cover and protect the ends of bones and is present in the nose and external ears. Type II collagen is essential for the normal development of bones and other connective tissues that form the body's supportive framework.
Mutations in the COL2A1 gene interfere with the assembly of type II collagen molecules, reducing the amount of this type of collagen in the body. Instead of forming collagen molecules, the abnormal COL2A1 protein builds up in cartilage cells (chondrocytes). These changes disrupt the normal development of bones and other connective tissues, leading to the signs and symptoms of spondyloperipheral dysplasia.
Inheritance
This condition is probably inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder.
Other Names for This Condition
- SPD
- Spondyloperipheral dysplasia with short ulna
Additional Information & Resources
Genetic Testing Information
Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center
Patient Support and Advocacy Resources
Catalog of Genes and Diseases from OMIM
Scientific Articles on PubMed
References
- Zabel B, Hilbert K, Stoss H, Superti-Furga A, Spranger J, Winterpacht A. A specific collagen type II gene (COL2A1) mutation presenting as spondyloperipheral dysplasia. Am J Med Genet. 1996 May 3;63(1):123-8. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960503)63:13.0.CO;2-P. Citation on PubMed
- Zankl A, Zabel B, Hilbert K, Wildhardt G, Cuenot S, Xavier B, Ha-Vinh R, Bonafe L, Spranger J, Superti-Furga A. Spondyloperipheral dysplasia is caused by truncating mutations in the C-propeptide of COL2A1. Am J Med Genet A. 2004 Aug 30;129A(2):144-8. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30222. Citation on PubMed
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