Autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features

Autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features (ADPEAF) is an uncommon form of epilepsy that runs in families. This disorder causes seizures usually characterized by sound-related (auditory) symptoms such as buzzing, humming, or ringing. Some people experience more complex sounds during a seizure, such as specific voices or music, or changes in the volume of sounds. Some people with ADPEAF suddenly become unable to understand language before losing consciousness during a seizure. This inability to understand speech is known as receptive aphasia. Less commonly, seizures may cause visual hallucinations, a disturbance in the sense of smell, a feeling of dizziness or spinning (vertigo), or other symptoms affecting the senses.

Seizures associated with ADPEAF usually begin in adolescence or young adulthood. They may be triggered by specific sounds, such as a ringing telephone or speech, but in most cases the seizures do not have any recognized triggers. In most affected people, seizures are infrequent and effectively controlled with medication.

Most people with ADPEAF have seizures described as simple partial seizures, which do not cause a loss of consciousness. These seizures are thought to begin in a part of the brain called the lateral temporal lobe. In some people, seizure activity may spread from the lateral temporal lobe to affect other regions of the brain. If seizure activity spreads to affect the entire brain, it causes a loss of consciousness, muscle stiffening, and rhythmic jerking. Episodes that begin as partial seizures and spread throughout the brain are known as secondarily generalized seizures.

This condition appears to be uncommon, although its prevalence is unknown.

Mutations in the LGI1 gene cause ADPEAF. This gene provides instructions for making a protein called Lgi1 or epitempin, which is found primarily in nerve cells (neurons) in the brain. Although researchers have proposed several functions for this protein, its precise role in the brain remains uncertain.

Mutations in the LGI1 gene likely disrupt the function of epitempin. It is unclear how the altered protein leads to seizure activity in the brain.

LGI1 mutations have been identified in about half of all families diagnosed with ADPEAF. In the remaining families, the cause of the condition is unknown. Researchers are searching for other genetic changes that may underlie the condition.

Genetic Testing Information

• Genetic Testing Registry: Familial temporal lobe epilepsy 1

Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center

• Autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features

Patient Support and Advocacy Resources

• Disease InfoSearch
• National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)

Research Studies from ClinicalTrials.gov

• ClinicalTrials.gov

Catalog of Genes and Diseases from OMIM

• EPILEPSY, FAMILIAL TEMPORAL LOBE, 1

Scientific Articles on PubMed

• PubMed

• Brodtkorb E, Gu W, Nakken KO, Fischer C, Steinlein OK. Familial temporal lobe epilepsy with aphasic seizures and linkage to chromosome 10q22-q24. Epilepsia. 2002 Mar;43(3):228-35. doi: 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2002.32001.x. Citation on PubMed
• Michelucci R, Nobile C. Autosomal Dominant Epilepsy with Auditory Features. 2007 Apr 20 [updated 2019 Jan 10]. In: Adam MP, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJH, Gripp KW, Amemiya A, editors. GeneReviews(R) [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2023. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1537/ Citation on PubMed
• Michelucci R, Poza JJ, Sofia V, de Feo MR, Binelli S, Bisulli F, Scudellaro E, Simionati B, Zimbello R, D'Orsi G, Passarelli D, Avoni P, Avanzini G, Tinuper P, Biondi R, Valle G, Mautner VF, Stephani U, Tassinari CA, Moschonas NK, Siebert R, Lopez de Munain A, Perez-Tur J, Nobile C. Autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy: clinical spectrum, new epitempin mutations, and genetic heterogeneity in seven European families. Epilepsia. 2003 Oct;44(10):1289-97. doi: 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.20003.x. Citation on PubMed
• Ottman R, Winawer MR, Kalachikov S, Barker-Cummings C, Gilliam TC, Pedley TA, Hauser WA. LGI1 mutations in autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features. Neurology. 2004 Apr 13;62(7):1120-6. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000120098.39231.6e. Citation on PubMed or Free article on PubMed Central
• Winawer MR, Martinelli Boneschi F, Barker-Cummings C, Lee JH, Liu J, Mekios C, Gilliam TC, Pedley TA, Hauser WA, Ottman R. Four new families with autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features: clinical description and linkage to chromosome 10q24. Epilepsia. 2002 Jan;43(1):60-7. doi: 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2002.45001.x. Citation on PubMed or Free article on PubMed Central
• Winawer MR, Ottman R, Hauser WA, Pedley TA. Autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features: defining the phenotype. Neurology. 2000 Jun 13;54(11):2173-6. doi: 10.1212/wnl.54.11.2173. Citation on PubMed or Free article on PubMed Central