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Lily of the valley poisoning

Lily of the valley is a flowering plant. Lily of the valley poisoning occurs when someone eats parts of this plant.

This article is for information only. DO NOT use it to treat or manage an actual poison exposure. If you or someone you are with has an exposure, call your local emergency number (such as 911), or your local poison control center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States.

Poisonous Ingredient

Poisonous ingredients may include:

  • Convallarin
  • Convallamarin
  • Convallatoxin

Note: This list may not include all poisonous ingredients.

Where Found

The flowers, fruit, and leaves of the lily of the valley plant are poisonous.

Symptoms

Poisoning symptoms can affect many parts of the body.

HEART AND BLOOD

EYES, EARS, NOSE, MOUTH, AND THROAT

STOMACH AND INTESTINES

  • Diarrhea
  • Loss of appetite
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Stomach pain
  • Excessive urination at night

NERVOUS SYSTEM

  • Confusion
  • Depression
  • Disorientation
  • Drowsiness
  • Fainting
  • Headache
  • Lethargy (sleepiness)
  • Weakness

SKIN

Note: Depression, loss of appetite, and visual halos are usually only seen in chronic overdose cases.

Home Care

Seek immediate medical help. DO NOT make a person throw up unless told to do so by poison control or a health care provider.

Before Calling Emergency

Get the following information:

  • Person's age, weight, and condition
  • Name and part of the plant swallowed, if known
  • Time it was swallowed
  • Amount swallowed

Poison Control

Your local poison control center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States. This national hotline will let you talk to experts in poisoning. They will give you further instructions.

This is a free and confidential service. All local poison control centers in the United States use this national number. You should call if you have any questions about poisoning or poison prevention. It does not need to be an emergency. You can call for any reason, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

What to Expect at the Emergency Room

The provider will measure and monitor the person's vital signs, including temperature, pulse, breathing rate, and blood pressure. Symptoms will be treated as appropriate.

The person may receive:

  • Activated charcoal
  • Blood and urine tests
  • Breathing support, including oxygen, through a tube through the mouth into the lungs, and a breathing machine (ventilator)
  • Chest x-ray
  • ECG (electrocardiogram, or heart tracing)
  • Fluids through a vein (IV)
  • Laxatives
  • Medicines to treat symptoms, including an antidote to reverse the effects of the poison

Outlook (Prognosis)

How well you do depends on the amount of poison swallowed and how quickly treatment is received. The faster you get medical help, the better the chance for recovery.

Symptoms last for 1 to 3 days and may require a hospital stay. Death is unlikely.

DO NOT touch or eat any plant with which you are not familiar. Wash your hands after working in the garden or walking in the woods.

Alternative Names

Liljekonvall

References

Crinion S. Toxicology. In: Anderson CC, Kapoor S, Mark TE, eds. Harriet Lane Handbook, The : The Johns Hopkins Hospital. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 3.

Graeme KA. Toxic plant ingestions. In: Auerbach PS, Cushing TA, Harris NS, eds. Auerbach's Wilderness Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017:chap 65.

Lim CS, Aks SE. Plants, herbal medications, and mushrooms. In: Walls RM, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 153.

Review Date 11/2/2023

Updated by: Jesse Borke, MD, CPE, FAAEM, FACEP, Attending Physician at Kaiser Permanente, Orange County, CA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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