Prochlorperazine overdose

Prochlorperazine can be poisonous in large amounts.

Prochlorperazine is found in these products:

• Compazine
• Compro

Below are symptoms of prochlorperazine overdose in different parts of the body.

AIRWAYS AND LUNGS

• No breathing
• Rapid breathing
• Shallow breathing

BLADDER AND KIDNEYS

• Difficult or slow urination
• Inability to completely empty the bladder

EYES, EARS, NOSE, MOUTH, AND THROAT

• Blurred vision
• Difficulty swallowing
• Drooling
• Dry mouth
• Nasal congestion
• Small or large pupils
• Sores in the mouth, on the tongue or in the throat
• Yellow eyes due to jaundice

HEART AND BLOOD

• Low blood pressure (severe)
• Pounding heartbeat
• Rapid heartbeat

MUSCLES AND JOINTS

• Muscle spasms
• Muscle stiffness
• Rapid, involuntary movements of the face (chewing, blinking, grimaces, and tongue movements)

NERVOUS SYSTEM

• Agitation, irritability, confusion
• Convulsions (seizures)
• Disorientation, coma
• Drowsiness
• Fever
• Low body temperature
• Restlessness linked with repeated foot shuffling, rocking, or pacing
• Tremor, motor tics that the person cannot control
• Uncoordinated movement, slow movement, or shuffling (with long-term use or overuse)
• Weakness

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• Changes in menstrual patterns

SKIN

• Rash
• Sun sensitivity, rapid sunburn
• Skin color changes

STOMACH AND INTESTINES

• Constipation
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea

Some of these symptoms may occur, even when the medicine is taken properly.

Have this information ready:

• The person's age, weight, and condition
• The name of the product (ingredients and strengths, if known)
• When it was swallowed
• The amount swallowed
• If the medicine was prescribed for the person

Your local poison control center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States. This national hotline will let you talk to experts in poisoning. They will give you further instructions.

This is a free and confidential service. All local poison control centers in the United States use this national number. You should call if you have any questions about poisoning or poison prevention. It does NOT need to be an emergency. You can call for any reason, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

Take the container with you to the hospital, if possible.

Your health care provider will measure and monitor your vital signs, including temperature, pulse, breathing rate, and blood pressure.

Tests that may be done include:

• Blood and urine tests
• CT scan (computerized axial tomography or advanced brain imaging)
• Chest x-ray
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Treatment may include:

• Activated charcoal
• Fluids through a vein (IV)
• Medicine to treat symptoms
• Laxative
• Breathing support, including oxygen, tube through the mouth into the lungs, and breathing machine (ventilator)

Prochlorperazine is fairly safe. Most likely, an overdose will only cause drowsiness and some side effects, such as uncontrolled movements of the lips, eyes, head, and neck for a short time. These movements may continue if they are not treated quickly and correctly.

In rare cases, an overdose can cause more serious symptoms. Nervous system symptoms may be permanent. The most serious side effects are usually due to damage to the heart. If heart damage can be stabilized, recovery is likely. Life-threatening heart rhythm disturbances may be difficult to treat, and may result in death. Survival past 2 days is usually a good sign.

Aronson JK. Prochlorperazine. In: Aronson JK, ed. Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs. 16th ed. Waltham, MA: Elsevier; 2016:954-955.

Monas J, Skolnik AB. Antipsychotics. In: Walls RM, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 150.

Updated by: Jesse Borke, MD, CPE, FAAEM, FACEP, Attending Physician at Kaiser Permanente, Orange County, CA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.