Anthrax

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Basics

• Summary
• Start Here
• Symptoms
• Diagnosis and Tests
• Prevention and Risk Factors
• Treatments and Therapies

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• Related Issues
• Specifics

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Research

• Clinical Trials
• Journal Articles

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For You

• Patient Handouts

Summary

Anthrax is a disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a germ that lives in soil. Many people know about it from the 2001 bioterror attacks. In the attacks, someone purposely spread anthrax through the U.S. mail. This killed five people and made 22 sick.

Anthrax is rare. It affects animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats more often than people. People can get anthrax from contact with infected animals, wool, meat, or hides. It can cause three forms of disease in people. They are:

• Cutaneous, which affects the skin. People with cuts or open sores can get it if they touch the bacteria.
• Inhalation, which affects the lungs. You can get this if you breathe in spores of the bacteria.
• Gastrointestinal, which affects the digestive system. You can get it by eating infected meat.

Antibiotics often cure anthrax if it is diagnosed early. But many people don't know they have anthrax until it is too late to treat. A vaccine to prevent anthrax is available for people in the military and others at high risk.

Start Here

• What Is Anthrax? (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish

Symptoms

• Symptoms of Anthrax (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish

Diagnosis and Tests

• Anthrax Infection Diagnosis and Testing (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish

Prevention and Risk Factors

• Anthrax Vaccine: What You Need to Know (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - PDF
• How to Prevent Anthrax (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish

Treatments and Therapies

• Treatment of Anthrax Infection (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish

Related Issues

• How People Get Anthrax (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish

Specifics

• Types of Anthrax (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish

Images

• Anthrax (VisualDX)

Clinical Trials

• ClinicalTrials.gov: Anthrax (National Institutes of Health)

Journal Articles References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)

• Article: Development of a New Cell-Based AP-1 Gene Reporter Potency Assay for...
• Article: Anthrax toxins-producing Bacillus spp. isolated from handwashing stations during COVID-19 pandemic...
• Article: Spatial and phylogenetic patterns reveal hidden infection sources of Bacillus anthracis...
• Anthrax -- see more articles

Find an Expert

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Also in Spanish
• National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Patient Handouts

• Anthrax (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Anthrax blood test (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Anthrax Vaccine: What You Need to Know (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - PDF